Search

Your search keyword '"Alexandre Simionovici"' showing total 38 results
Start Over Author "Alexandre Simionovici" Topic analytical chemistry
38 results on '"Alexandre Simionovici"'

1. High‐resolution wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy of K‐shell transitions in hydrogen‐like gold

Author

Csilla I. Szabo, Wanqiu Chen, N. Petridis, S. Hagmann, R. Heß, K. S. Schulze, G. Weber, C. Dimopoulou, U. Spillmann, F. Nolden, Michael Lestinsky, S. Trotsenko, O. Wehrhan, D. Liesen, Ingo Uschmann, N. Winters, Renate Märtin, M. Schwemlein, T. Kämpfer, Alexandre Simionovici, K.-H. Blumenhagen, P. M. Hillenbrand, E. Ziegler, T. Gassner, Martino Trassinelli, C. Brandau, Dariusz Banaś, M. Steck, A. Gumberidze, Paul Indelicato, R. Loetzsch, M. S. Sanjari, Yu. A. Litvinov, Nicolas Winckler, F. Bosch, H. F. Beyer, Th. Stöhlker, Eckhart Förster, Danyal Winters, Robert E. Grisenti, B. Manil, Paweł P. Jagodziński, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agrégats et surfaces sous excitations intenses (INSP-E10), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ottawa Research & Development Centre, Science & Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics [Kielce], Jan Kochanowski University, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 06, X-ray Optics Croup Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Materials science, Hydrogen, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Analytical chemistry, Electron shell, chemistry.chemical_element, High resolution, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. X‐Rays Analysis for Space Sciences: X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Author

Alexandre Simionovici, Laurence Lemelle, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, biology, Presolar grains, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Venus, Mars Exploration Program, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Mercury (element), Meteorite, chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, In situ analysis, 0103 physical sciences, Space Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; X-ray analysis was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century, right after the discovery of X-rays. It represents a specific group of methods of investigation of samples that share the same probe, the X-rays, and produces nondestructive, highly varied results of the intrinsic properties of specimens. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the main method of X-ray analysis and, as such, constitutes the subject of this article, where it is applied to the priceless astromaterials, better known as extraterrestrial samples. These comprise recorded falls (meteorites), samples collected in space, and sample return mission (SRM) specimens brought back to Earth by space missions, or simply by in situ measurements on Solar System bodies, or from remote orbital or flyby analyses thereof.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Analytical requirements for quantitative X-ray fluorescence nano-imaging of metal traces in solid samples

Author

Alexandre Simionovici, Rémi Tucoulou, Tom Schoonjans, Axel Hofmann, Laurence Lemelle, Murielle Salomé, Barbara Cavalazzi, Emanuele Enrico, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lemelle, L., Simionovici, A., Schoonjans, T., Tucoulou, R., Enrico, E., Salomé, M., Hofmann, A., Cavalazzi, B., Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Hard X-ray nanoprobe, Materials science, Monte Carlo method, Analytical chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Nano-imaging, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Micrometre, FIB, Nano, metal traces, nano-imaging, Synchrotron XRF, hard X-ray Nanoprobe, FIB, X-ray Monte Carlo modeling, Archaean fossils, Barberton, Sample preparation, Spectroscopy, Barberton, Detection limit, X-ray Monte Carlo modeling, 010401 analytical chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Metal traces, Synchrotron XRF, Third generation, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Archaean fossils, Trace analysis, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Quantitative nano-imaging of metal traces in a solid is a recent capability arising from the construction of hard X-ray nanoprobes dedicated to X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) imaging on upgraded third generation synchrotrons. Micrometer sample preparation valid for trace analysis is a fundamental part of the required developments to capitalize on the reduced Minimum Detection Limits. Practical guidelines lead us to propose a customized use of Focused Ion Beams (FIB) backed by state of the art Monte Carlo XRF modeling to initiate preparations of new samples and certified standards. The usefulness of these developments is illustrated by the first detection of Ni traces (4.57E+07 ± 3.2E+06 (7.1%) at μm −3 ) in a 3.35 Ga old microstructure of putative microbial origin from Barberton (South Africa). A list of feasibility checks provides a way of getting below 5 ppm MDLs for acquisition-times of 10 s with an analytical precision better than 10%.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. X-Ray-induced Deuterium Enrichment of N-rich Organics in Protoplanetary Disks: An Experimental Investigation Using Synchrotron Light

Author

Mathieu Roskosz, Christophe Sandt, J. L. Lemaire, Alexandre Simionovici, Nicolas Jaouen, Lisseth Gavilan, Laurent Remusat, Nathalie Carrasco, Cornelia Jäger, Thomas Henning, Horia Popescu, Denis Mangin, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory Astrophysics and Cluster Physics Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), European Project: 636829,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,PRIMCHEM(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Infrared spectroscopy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, Irradiation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), extinction, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], protoplanetary disks, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tholin, Synchrotron, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Interstellar medium, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, dust, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The deuterium enrichment of organics in the interstellar medium, protoplanetary disks and meteorites has been proposed to be the result of ionizing radiation. The goal of this study is to quantify the effects of soft X-rays (0.1 - 2 keV), a component of stellar radiation fields illuminating protoplanetary disks, on the refractory organics present in the disks. We prepared tholins, nitrogen-rich complex organics, via plasma deposition and used synchrotron radiation to simulate X-ray fluences in protoplanetary disks. Controlled irradiation experiments at 0.5 and 1.3 keV were performed at the SEXTANTS beam line of the SOLEIL synchrotron, and were followed by ex-situ infrared, Raman and isotopic diagnostics. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the loss of singly-bonded groups (N-H, C-H and R-N$\equiv$C) and the formation of sp$^3$ carbon defects. Raman analysis revealed the introduction of defects and structural amorphization. Finally, tholins were measured via secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), revealing that significant D-enrichment is induced by X-ray irradiation. Our results are compared to previous experimental studies involving the thermal degradation and electron irradiation of organics. The penetration depth of soft X-rays in $\mu$m-sized tholins leads to volume rather than surface modifications: lower energy X-rays (0.5 keV) induce a larger D-enrichment than 1.3 keV X-rays, reaching a plateau for doses larger than 5 $\times$ 10$^{27}$ eV cm$^{-3}$. Our work provides experimental evidence of a new non-thermal pathway to deuterium fractionation of organic matter., Comment: 14 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Hard X-ray irradiation of cosmic silicate analogs: structural evolution and astrophysical implications

Author

T Sabri, Damien Salomon, E. Foy, Cornelia Jäger, Lisseth Gavilan, Jean-Louis Lemaire, Alexandre Simionovici, Th. Henning, S. Yagoubi, Gema Martínez-Criado, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrochemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolution, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Interstellar cloud, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ISM: evolution, analytical [Methods], 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Methods: analytical, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dust, extinction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, extinction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Silicate, Methods: laboratory: solid state, Amorphous solid, ISM: dust, chemistry, laboratory: solid state [Methods], Space and Planetary Science, Crystallite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

[Context] Protoplanetary disks, interstellar clouds, and active galactic nuclei contain X-ray-dominated regions. X-rays interact with the dust and gas present in such environments. While a few laboratory X-ray irradiation experiments have been performed on ices, X-ray irradiation experiments on bare cosmic dust analogs have been scarce up to now., [Aims] Our goal is to study the effects of hard X-rays on cosmic dust analogs via in situ X-ray diffraction. By using a hard X-ray synchrotron nanobeam, we seek to simulate cumulative X-ray exposure on dust grains during their lifetime in these astrophysical environments and provide an upper limit on the effect of hard X-rays on dust grain structure., [Methods] We prepared enstatite (MgSiO3) nanograins, which are analogs to cosmic silicates, via the melting-quenching technique. These amorphous grains were then annealed to obtain polycrystalline grains. These were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) before irradiation. Powder samples were prepared in X-ray transparent substrates and were irradiated with hard X-rays nanobeams (29.4 keV) provided by beamline ID16B of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble). X-ray diffraction images were recorded in transmission mode, and the ensuing diffractograms were analyzed as a function of the total X-ray exposure time., [Results] We detected the amorphization of polycrystalline silicates embedded in an organic matrix after an accumulated X-ray exposure of 6.4 × 1027 eV cm-2. Pure crystalline silicate grains (without resin) do not exhibit amorphization. None of the amorphous silicate samples (pure and embedded in resin) underwent crystallization. We analyze the evolution of the polycrystalline sample embedded in an organic matrix as a function of X-ray exposure., [Conclusions] Loss of diffraction peak intensity, peak broadening, and the disappearance of discrete spots and arcs reveal the amorphization of the resin embedded (originally polycrystalline) silicate sample. We explore the astrophysical implications of this laboratory result as an upper limit to the effect of X-rays on the structure of cosmic silicates.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. In situmapping of high-pressure fluids using hydrothermal diamond anvil cells

Author

Bénédicte Ménez, D. Massare, Andrea Somogyi, L. Daudin, Hélène Bureau, M. Bonnin-Mosbah, Alexandre Simionovici, Valérie Malavergne, Hicham Khodja, Jean-Paul Gallien, and Cliff S. J. Shaw

Subjects
Quenching, In situ, Materials science, Aqueous solution, Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, Mineralogy, Condensed Matter Physics, Diamond anvil cell, Synchrotron, Hydrothermal circulation, Silicate, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law
Abstract

We present new results combining high pressures and temperatures attainable in a diamond anvil cell with in situ synchrotron radiation induced micro-X-ray fluorescence measurements. Hydrothermal diamond anvil cells experiments have been performed by measuring the partitioning of Pb between aqueous fluids (pure water or NaCl-enriched water) and hydrous silicate melts of haplogranite composition using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. The in situ measurements were performed in the range 0.3–1.2 GPa and 730–850 °C both in the aqueous fluid and in the silicate melts being in equilibrium. Pb is strongly partitioned into high-pressure–temperature hydrous melts when Cl is present in either the hydrous melt or the aqueous fluid. Moreover, our comparisons of in situ results with post-mortem results show that significant changes take place during rapid quenching especially when samples are small (few hundred of microns in diameter). Water exsolution is induced by the quench in the silicate melt showing the high mobil...

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Standardless quantification of single fluid inclusions using synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence

Author

Bénédicte Ménez, Pierre Bleuet, Jean Cauzid, Pascal Philippot, Andrea Somogyi, Alexandre Simionovici, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France (SYNCHROTRON SOLEIL, DIFFABS BEAMLINE, SAINT-AUBIN, BP 48, 91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX, FRANCE), and Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

Subjects
Synchrotron radiation, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Analytical chemistry, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fluid inclusion, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Transition metal, Geochemistry and Petrology, Yield (chemistry), Calibration, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral), Quantitative analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Fluid inclusions are studied using synchrotron radiation induced μ-X-ray fluorescence (μ-SR-XRF). We analyse inclusions from the Brusson gold deposit, Italy. Several two-phase (liquid plus gas) inclusions of a single generation are used to compare a new standardless quantification procedure to previously published internal and external standardisation procedures. The three procedures are based on an infinite homogeneous plane layer and the calculations are performed with a non-iterative fundamental parameter method. Results show a good agreement between the average of the calculated concentrations obtained with the three procedures and the corresponding crush-leach analysis. Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and As crush-leach concentrations are within error bars of the μ-SR-XRF concentration estimates. Br crush-leach content is above μ-SR-XRF estimates. Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb were detected with μ-SR-XRF technique only. These elements show different concentrations from one inclusion to another, suggesting heterogeneous trapping of tiny, infra-microscopic solid phases. The good correspondence between the results obtained using the three calibration procedures show that accurate standardless quantitative analysis of individual fluid inclusions is achievable. Statistical error calculation of the three procedures shows that the standardless quantification method yields more accurate results than the internal or external standard procedures. Uncertainties on inclusion depths strongly affect calculated light element concentrations (Cl to Ca), whereas Mn and heavier elements concentration estimates are more sensitive to errors on fluid inclusion thickness. Uncertainties of ± 1 μm or less on fluid inclusion thickness and depth yield statistical errors of not, vert, similar 50% on Cl concentration estimates and lower than 20% on transition metals. This new standardless-μ-SR-XRF based quantification procedure is more precise than the previously established ones and is efficiently applied to multielementary analysis (Cl to Pb) of diluted individual fluid inclusions.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. X-ray tomography: how to evaluate the reconstruction quality?

Author

Marina Chukalina, Bruno Golosio, Alexandre Simionovici, and Harald Funke

Subjects
Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, Tomographic reconstruction, Correlation coefficient, Radon transform, Wavelet transform, Iterative reconstruction, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Imaging phantom, Analytical Chemistry, Tomography, Instrumentation, Algorithm, Spectroscopy, Mathematics
Abstract

Different reconstruction techniques are used to reconstruct the distribution of the physical characteristics, describing a sample under investigation, from a set of tomographic projections. We present a technique for the evaluation of the reconstruction quality. The technique is based on the comparison of two images (phantom and reconstructed image) by means of the correlation coefficient and of the mean square error between them. In parallel, the correlation coefficient and mean square error are calculated for the wavelet transforms of the phantom and reconstructed images. The scales for the wavelet transform are chosen in agreement with the major geometric parameters of the phantom. Then the correlation coefficient of the wavelet transform with the chosen scale yields an evaluation of the quality of the phantom parameters reconstruction. The accuracy of the parameters reconstruction is determined by the mean square error for the selected scale. The phantom used for the analysis is a medium with randomly distributed grains. The distribution is characterized by two parameters: grain size and grain density (average number of grains per unit area). The parameters are used as the scales for the wavelet transform calculation. We make a comparison of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) and the Filtered Back Projection Algorithm.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. FOCAL: X-ray optics for accurate spectroscopy

Author

F. Nolden, B. Franzke, O. Klepper, D. Banas, Alexandre Simionovici, St. König, Martino Trassinelli, Th. Stöhlker, K. Beckert, A. Orsic-Muthig, O. Wehrhan, Dieter Liesen, M. Steck, A. Gumberidze, D. Protic, X. L. Ma, D. Sierpowski, J. Bojowald, H.-J. Kluge, U. Popp, H. F. Beyer, Paul Indelicato, S. Tachenov, A. Warczak, Eckhart Förster, C. Kozhuharov, F. Bosch, S. Hagmann, Z. Stachura, E. Ziegler, P. Beller, Joanna Hoszowska, U. Spillmann, I. Mohos, and B. Manil

Subjects
Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray optics, Radiation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, Optics, Crystal optics, Crystal spectrometer, Spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

A crystal spectrometer has been constructed in the Focusing Compensated Asymmetric Laue geometry covering the energy range between 30 and 120 keV. We summarize the crystal optics and show the usefulness of the instrument for spectroscopy of stationary and fast moving X-ray sources. Results are reported from several tests employing a 169 Yb gamma-ray source and the Lyman radiation of one-electron Au 78+ ions travelling at a velocity corresponding to β = v / c o ≈0.44.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. A library for X-ray–matter interaction cross sections for X-ray fluorescence applications

Author

Andrea Somogyi, Antonio Brunetti, M. Sanchez del Rio, Bruno Golosio, and Alexandre Simionovici

Subjects
Anomalous scattering, business.industry, Chemistry, Scattering, Interface (computing), Compton scattering, X-ray fluorescence, Photoionization, Fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Computational physics, Software, Optics, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract

Quantitative estimate of elemental composition by spectroscopic and imaging techniques using X-ray fluorescence requires the availability of accurate data of X-ray interaction with matter. Although a wide number of computer codes and data sets are reported in literature, none of them is presented in the form of freely available library functions which can be easily included in software applications for X-ray fluorescence. This work presents a compilation of data sets from different published works and an xraylib interface in the form of callable functions. Although the target applications are on X-ray fluorescence, cross sections of interactions like photoionization, coherent scattering and Compton scattering, as well as form factors and anomalous scattering functions, are also available.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. A new nondestructive X-ray method for the determination of the 3D mineralogy at the micrometer scale

Author

Christophe Rau, Philippe Gillet, Alexandre Simionovici, Robert Truche, Laurence Lemelle, and Marina Chukalina

Subjects
Olivine, Scanning electron microscope, Resolution (electron density), Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, engineering.material, Synchrotron, Silicate, law.invention, Micrometre, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Attenuation coefficient, engineering, Geology
Abstract

The combination of synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and fluorescence computed tomographies (CT) is a new method allowing a noninvasive and nondestructive determination of the three-dimensional (3D) mineralogy with micrometer resolution of sub-millimeter silicate grains, possibly stored in a silica holder. These CT were performed with beams of a few tens of keV from a third-generation synchrotron source on one olivine grain of the NWA817 Martian meteorite presenting a reddish alteration phase. The reconstructed sections show a network of fractures and a few micrometer-thick layers formed on one grain. The 3D facet orientation and the X-ray attenuation coefficient indicate that this grain is an Fo44±9 olivine crystal. The fluorescence section reveals rims enriched in Fe (a major element) or depleted in Ca (a minor element). This CT combination shows that the micrometer-thick layer is preferentially formed on the (010) olivine face and has a lower density (3.5 ± 0.4 g/cm3 ) than the olivine, even though it is enriched in Fe. Its complex nano-petrography and the distributions of nanometer-sized voids and fractures in such a micrometer thick layer, first observed by scanning electron microscopy on focused ion-beam cuts, is not shown by CT. The precision presently achieved, although moderate, is sufficient to obtain a 3D semi-quantitative view of the mineralogy consistent with the one previously established by electron probe microanalyses (Sautter et al. 2002).

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. X-ray Fluorescence Tomography of Individual Municipal Solid Waste and Biomass Fly Ash Particles

Author

Maria Caterina Camerani, Alexandre Simionovici, Andrea Somogyi, Britt-Marie Steenari, Bruno Golosio, and Itai Panas

Subjects
Microprobe, Municipal solid waste, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence, Microbeam, Coal Ash, Carbon, Analytical Chemistry, Incineration, Adsorption, Fly ash, Calcium, Environmental Pollutants, Particulate Matter, Particle Size, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Synchrotrons, Cadmium, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Information about Cd distribution inside single municipal solid waste and biomass fly ash particles is fundamental since it affects its leachability. The internal 2D distributions of the main and trace elements in such highly inhomogeneous matrixes were successfully determined by means of the combined synchrotron radiation induced micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-SRXRF) and tomography (micro-SRXRFT) techniques. Scanning micro-SRXRF measurements show Cd elemental distribution within single fly ash particles to be inhomogeneous, but no information can be obtained about its internal distribution. During micro-SRXRFT analysis, single fly ash particles are successively measured by a rotational-translational scan in a VH=2 x 5 microm2 microbeam. The 2D internal elemental distribution images, obtained by the modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm, provide the size and the location of Cd-containing areas together with the location of other measurable elements. Results showed Cd concentration to be higher in the core of the fly ash particles analyzed rather than on the surface of the particles. Moreover, in both ashes, Ca-containing matrixes are found to be the main Cd-bearing phases. A possible mechanism for Cd adsorption on the fly ash particles is proposed based on the obtained results.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Compression behavior of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2

Author

Varghese Swamy, Michael Drakopoulos, Natalia Dubrovinskaia, H.-P. Weber, Leonid Dubrovinsky, Alexandre Simionovici, and Vladimir Dmitriev

Subjects
Diffraction, Anatase, Bulk modulus, Macrocrystalline, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Nanocrystalline material, Synchrotron, law.invention, Crystallography, Nanocrystal, law, Materials Chemistry, Crystallite
Abstract

We present a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of pressure-induced changes in nanocrystalline anatase (with a crystallite size of 30–40 nm) to 35 GPa. The nanoanatase was observed to a pressure above 20 GPa. Direct transformation to the baddeleyite-TiO 2 polymorph was seen at 18 GPa. A fit of the pressure versus volume data to a Birch–Murnaghan equation yielded the following parameters: zero-pressure volume, V 0 =136.15 A 3 , bulk modulus, K T =243(3) GPa, and the pressure derivative of bulk modulus, K ′=4 (fixed). The bulk modulus value obtained for the nanocrystalline anatase is about 35% larger than that of the macrocrystalline counterpart.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Liquid metal penetration at grain boundaries: Characterization by synchrotron radiation micro-radiography and micro-fluorescence

Author

D. Bellet, N. Marie, J. Ouillier, K. Wolski, Christoph Rau, J. Teyssier, Alexandre Simionovici, and Wolfgang Ludwig

Subjects
Crystallography, X ray radiography, Chemistry, Time resolved spectra, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Synchrotron radiation, Grain boundary, Fluorescence
Abstract

La penetration des metaux liquides aux joints de grains de metaux solides en l'absence de contrainte exterieure peut, pour un certain nombre de couples specifiques, conduire a la fragilisation du solide. Nous presentons dans ce papier deux techniques d'imagerie synchrotron qui sont bien adaptees pour observer ce type de phenomene. La micro-radiographie synchrotron a ete utilisee pour caracteriser la cinetique de penetration pour le couple Al/Ga. Nous montrons que la version moderne de radiographie par absorption possede la resolution spatiale et temporelle adequate pour etudier la penetration de films sub-microniques de Ga liquide localises aux joints de grains de bicristaux d'aluminium. La micro-fluorescence synchrotron est quant a elle bien adaptee pour la detection de traces d'elements dans des systemes tres dilues. Au detriment de la resolution spatiale et temporelle, cette technique permet la detection de quantites infimes d'atomes diffusant aux joints de grains de metaux solides.

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Iron oxidation states in silicate glass fragments and glass inclusions with a XANES micro-probe

Author

Philippe Dillmann, J.P. Duraud, Alexandre Simionovici, M. Bonnin-Mosbah, D. Massare, and Nicole Métrich

Subjects
Valence (chemistry), Olivine, Materials science, Resolution (electron density), Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Crystal growth, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, XANES, Synchrotron, Spectral line, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, Absorption (chemistry)
Abstract

The iron oxidation states and its environment in volcanic silicate glasses have been studied by combining micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) experiments at the iron K-edge in silicate glass fragments and glass inclusions trapped during the crystal growth. Experiments were performed at the ESRF (ID22 beam-line) – a third generation synchrotron – using a focused beam (2×10 μm 2 ) together with a high brilliance and a good energy resolution. The selected silicate glasses, basaltic in composition, contain between 5.5 and 8 wt% total Fe. In all XANES spectra, pre-peaks exhibit a multi-component structure, which is the convolution of information related to the valence state of iron (2+,3+), the site geometry and transition types. The Fe3+/ΣFe ratio of silicate glass fragments deduced from the XANES spectra is correlated to values determined by chemistry on bulk samples within the range 0.05–0.85. XANES spectra from glass inclusions hosted in natural olivine crystals may be interpreted considering the glass fragments as reference samples.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Mapping trace-metal (Cu, Zn, As) distribution in a single fluid inclusion using a third generation synchrotron light source

Author

Michael Drakopoulos, Bénédicte Ménez, Alexandre Simionovici, Irena Snigireva, Pascal Philippot, Anatoly Snigirev, Laboratoire de Pétrologie, Modélisation de Matériaux et Processus (UMR 7160), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and European Synchrotron Research Facility

Subjects
Diffraction, Trace Amounts, Chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, Geology, Synchrotron light source, Fluid inclusion, Trace-element analysis, Synchrotron, law.invention, Beamline, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fluid inclusions
Abstract

International audience; The concentration and spatial distribution of relatively dilute (10 to 100 ppm) trace metals (Cu, Zn and As) were determined for individual fluid inclusions from a gold-quartz vein at Brusson, western Italian Alps, using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). The analyses were performed on beamline ID-22 Micro-FID (Fluorescence, Imaging, Diffraction) of the European Synchrotron Research Facility (ESRF) Grenoble, France. The experimental set-up ensured a focal spot at the sample position of 2×7 μm and a flux of 1010 photons/s. Fluorescence X-ray maps were collected for several fluid inclusions. An example of the distribution of As in a fluid inclusion oriented at high angle to the wafer surface is presented. For each X-ray fluorescence spectrum, the (Kα/Kβ)As ratio of As was used as a means of estimating the thickness of quartz traversed by the photon beam. This value was used in turn for correcting As count rates. The correction procedure resulted in uniformising the count rates of As in the liquid portion of the inclusion and allowed visualizing the vapour bubble which contains only trace amounts of As. The strategy for computing the composition of the inclusion fluid was to use one element from crush leach analysis (As) as an internal standard to calculate the concentrations of the other cations (Cu and Zn) present in the solution. Results of this calculation show that element concentration estimates calculated using SXRF spectra are in relatively good agreement with those determined by crush-leach analysis. This indicates that the fluid trapped in the sample studied was homogeneous with respect to electrolyte composition. These results indicate that third generation synchrotron light source is a promising technique for tracking trace metals in individual inclusions (down to the tenths of ppm level) and, hence, as an invaluable tool for reconstructing the relative chronology of paleo-hydrothermal events responsible for the concentration of economic resources.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VI: Quantitative elemental analysis by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence nanoimaging of eight impact features in aerogel

Author

Christine Floss, R. Lettieri, Hans A. Bechtel, Ralf Srama, Nabil Bassim, Scott A. Sandford, Ryan Doll, Akira Tsuchiyama, Joachim Huth, Peter Tsou, Carlton Allen, Naomi Wordsworth, Rhonda M. Stroud, Geert Silversmit, Hugues Leroux, Anna L. Butterworth, Joshua Von Korff, Janet Borg, Laszlo Vincze, Sylvia Schmitz, Ron K. Bastien, George J. Flynn, Thomas Stephan, Vicente A. Solé, Frank Postberg, Mario Trieloff, Larry R. Nittler, Steven Sutton, Peter Hoppe, William Marchant, Andrew M. Davis, David Anderson, Zack Gainsforth, Jan Leitner, Daniel Zevin, Juan-Angel Sans Tresseras, Eberhard Grün, Tom Schoonjans, Julien Stodolna, Tolek Tyliszczak, Mark J. Burchell, Hitesh Changela, Mark C. Price, Brit Hvide, Manfred Burghammer, Bruce Hudson, Ryan C. Ogliore, Bart Vekemans, Ariel Leonard, Asna Ansari, Peter Cloetens, Laurence Lemelle, Michael E. Zolensky, Veerle Sterken, John Bridges, Philipp R. Heck, Anton T. Kearsley, D. Frank, Jon K. Hillier, Ashley J. King, Saša Bajt, Wei Ja Ong, Donald E. Brownlee, Frank E. Brenker, Frank J. Stadermann, Barry Lai, Andrew J. Westphal, Alexandre Simionovici, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microprobe, Olivine, Materials science, Spinel, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, Forsterite, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, law.invention, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, law, Elemental analysis, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust
Abstract

Hard X-ray, quantitative, fluorescence elemental imaging was performed on the ID22NI nanoprobe and ID22 microprobe beam lines of the European Synchrotron Research facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, on eight interstellar candidate impact features in the framework of the NASA Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination (ISPE). Three features were unambiguous tracks, and the other five were identified as possible, but not definite, impact features. Overall, we produced an absolute quantification of elemental abundances in the 15 ? Z ? 30 range by means of corrections of the beam parameters, reference materials, and fundamental atomic parameters. Seven features were ruled out as interstellar dust candidates (ISDC) based on compositional arguments. One of the three tracks, I1043,1,30,0,0, contained, at the time of our analysis, two physically separated, micrometer-sized terminal particles, the most promising ISDCs, Orion and Sirius. We found that the Sirius particle was a fairly homogenous Ni-bearing particle and contained about 33 fg of distributed high-Z elements (Z > 12). Orion was a highly heterogeneous Fe-bearing particle and contained about 59 fg of heavy elements located in hundred nanometer phases, forming an irregular mantle that surrounded a low-Z core. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed Sirius to be amorphous, whereas Orion contained partially crystalline material (Gainsforth et al. 2014). Within the mantle, one grain was relatively Fe-Ni-Mn-rich; other zones were relatively Mn-Cr-Ti-rich and may correspond to different spinel populations. For absolute quantification purposes, Orion was assigned to a mineralogical assemblage of forsterite, spinel, and an unknown Fe-bearing phase, while Sirius was most likely composed of an amorphous Mg-bearing material with minor Ni and Fe. Owing to its nearly chondritic abundances of the nonvolatile elements Ca, Ti, Co, and Ni with respect to Fe, in combination with the presence of olivine and spinel as inferred from XRD measurements, Orion had a high probability of being extraterrestrial in origin.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Nondestructive three-dimensional elemental microanalysis by combined helical x-ray microtomographies

Author

Pierre Bleuet, Jean Susini, Bruno Golosio, Alexandre Simionovici, Andrea Somogyi, and Laurence Lemelle

Subjects
X-ray spectroscopy, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Helical scan, Resolution (electron density), Analytical chemistry, Compton scattering, Microbeam, Microanalysis, Optics, Nondestructive testing, business, Image resolution
Abstract

A nondestructive x-ray technique combining simultaneous transmission, fluorescence, and Compton microtomography has been developed. Simultaneous three-dimensional structural information and three-dimensional internal elemental composition maps down to trace concentration levels have been obtained by a helical scan of the sample through an x-ray microbeam. With this method quantitative three-dimensional chemical distributions can be obtained at (sub)micrometric resolution in a nondestructive and noninvasive way, opening unique possibilities for the microanalysis of rare and fragile samples from several research fields.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. 3D chemical imaging based on a third-generation synchrotron source

Author

Pierre Bleuet, Patrice Gergaud, Laurence Lemelle, Rémi Tucoulou, Peter Cloetens, Jean Susini, Gérard Delette, Alexandre Simionovici, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)

Subjects
Chemical imaging, Computer science, Characterization, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fluorescence spectrometry, Mineralogy, Synchrotron radiation, Elemental distribution, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Synchrotron, X-ray, Microanalysis, Data acquisition, Optics, law, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Nondestructive testing, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Tomography, Spectroscopy, Microscopy, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Characterization (materials science), Reconstruction, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Data acquisition and reconstruction for tomography have been extensively studied for the past 30 years, mainly for medical diagnosis and non-destructive testing. In these fields, imaging is typically limited to sample morphology. However, in many cases, that is insufficient, and 3D chemical imaging becomes essential. This review highlights synchrotron X-ray fluorescence tomography, a well-established non-destructive technique that makes tomography richer by reconstructing the quantitative elemental distribution within samples down to the micrometer scale or even less. We compare the technique to others and illustrate it through results covering different scientific applications.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Crystal optics for hard-X-ray spectroscopy of highly charged ions

Author

D. Banas, U. Spillmann, Th. Krings, Paul Indelicato, J.-Cl. Dousse, S. Hagmann, E.-O. Le Bigot, I. Mohos, E. Ziegler, H. F. Beyer, Eckhart Förster, J. Rzadkiewicz, Regina Reuschl, B. Manil, C. Kozhuharov, Sergiy Trotsenko, F. Bosch, A. Warczak, Zbigniew Stachura, Dieter Liesen, Joanna Hoszowska, X. L. Ma, Paweł P. Jagodziński, D. Protic, Martino Trassinelli, A. Gumberidze, Th. Stöhlker, O. Wehrhan, M. Pajek, S. Heß, D. Attia, Alexandre Simionovici, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], business.industry, Detector, X-ray optics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Crystal optics, Spectral resolution, 010306 general physics, business, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; A twin crystal-spectrometer assembly, operated in the focusing compensated asymmetric Laue geometry has been developed for accurate spectroscopy of fast highly charged heavy ions in the hard-X-ray region. Coupled to the focusing crystal optics is a specially developed two-dimensional position-sensitive X-ray detector which is necessary for retaining spectral resolution also for fast moving sources. We summarize the crystal optics and demonstrate the usefulness of the instrument for spectroscopy of both stationary and fast moving X-ray sources. Results are reported from several tests employing a 169Yb gamma-ray source and the Lyman radiation of one-electron Pb81+ ions traveling at a velocity corresponding to [beta]†[reverse not equivalent]†v/c†[approximate]†0.59. The features of the instrument presented may be useful in many applications where it appears difficult to make the leap from conventional X-ray energy measurements to wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy based on crystal optics.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure as a suitable probe to monitor live organisms

Author

Aude Picard, Philippe Oger, Isabelle Daniel, Alexandre Simionovici, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
In situ, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, X-ray absorption near edge structure, Cellular organisms, Chemistry, Microorganism, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Population, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, On cells, Environmental chemistry, Live organisms, education, Biological system, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

X-ray spectroscopies are very powerful tools to determine the chemistry of complex dilute solutes in abiotic and biotic systems. We have assayed their suitability to monitor the chemistry of complex solutions in a live biotic system. The impact of the probe on cells was quantified for 4 different cellular organisms differing in their resistance level to environmental stresses. We show that none of the organisms tested can survive the radiation doses needed for the acquisition of meaningful spectroscopic data. Therefore, on one hand, X-ray spectroscopy cannot be applied to the monitoring of single cells, and cellular damages have to be taken into account in the interpretation of the evolution of such systems. On the other hand, due to the limited extension of X-ray induced cellular damages in the culture volume, it is possible to probe a population of live cells provided that the culture to beam probe ratio is large enough to minimize the impact of mortality on the evolution of the biological system. Our results suggest that it could be possible to probe the volume in the close vicinity of a cell without affecting its activity. Using this setup we could monitor the reduction of selenite by the X-ray sensitive bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, for 24 h. This method has a great potential to monitor the respiration of various metals, such as iron, manganese and arsenic, in situ under relevant environmental conditions by live microorganisms.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. 3D imaging of vapour and liquid inclusions from the Mole Granite, Australia, using helical fluorescence tomography

Author

Pascal Philippot, Alexandre Simionovici, Bruno Golosio, Jean Cauzid, Pierre Bleuet, Andrea Somogyi, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France (SYNCHROTRON SOLEIL, DIFFABS BEAMLINE, SAINT-AUBIN, BP 48, 91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX, FRANCE), Synchrotron Soleil, DiffAbs beamline, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), instituto di Matematica e Fisica, Universita di Sassari, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
Cu partitioning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Crust, Boiling process, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Fluid inclusion, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography, Phase (matter), Boiling, Helical scan, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral), Instrumentation, Quartz, Spectroscopy, Earth (classical element), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; World class Cu resources are concentrated in porphyry and epithermal ore deposits. Their formation remains partially understood, however, due to a lack of constraints on the partitioning properties of trace elements in general, and Cu in particular, between vapour and liquid phases evolved from boiling fluids at depth in the Earth's crust. Immiscible liquid and vapour fluid inclusions coexisting in a single quartz grain have been imaged in three dimensions by X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT). Elemental spatial distributions confirm that Cu, and to a lesser extent As, partition into the vapour phase, whereas Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr and Pb concentrate in the liquid inclusion. High resolution mapping of the vapour inclusions revealed that Cu is heterogeneously distributed at the scale of a single inclusion and is mostly concentrated as tiny daughter crystals.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Determination of the cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste and Biomass single fly ash particles using SR-mu XRF Spectroscopy

Author

Britt-Marie Steenari, Itai Panas, Stuart Ansell, Maria Caterina Camerani, Andrea Somogyi, Bart Vekemans, and Alexandre Simionovici

Subjects
Municipal solid waste, Computers, Ultraviolet Rays, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Lessivage, Mineralogy, Coal Ash, Carbon, Refuse Disposal, Analytical Chemistry, Incineration, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Adsorption, Fly ash, Calcium, Particulate Matter, Biomass, Particle size, Fluidized bed combustion, Leaching (metallurgy), Particle Size, Algorithms, Synchrotrons, Cadmium
Abstract

By using an excitation energy of 27.0 keV, synchrotron radiation-induced micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR-microXRF) is employed to extract information regarding the composition and distribution of Cd-bearing phases in municipal solid waste (MSW) and biomass fly ashes. Significance of observation is based on statistics of totally more than 100 individual MSW and biomass fly ash particles from a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant. Cd concentrations in the parts-per-million range are determined. In general, although previous leaching studies have indicated Cd to be predominant in the smaller-size ash particles, in the present study Cd is more evenly distributed throughout all the particle sizes. For MSW fly ashes, results indicate the presence of Cd mainly as CdBr2 hot-spots, whereas for biomass fly ashes, which exhibit lower CdX2 concentration, a thin Cd layer on/in the particles is reported. For both ashes, Ca-containing matrixes are found to be the main Cd-bearing phases. Support for this observation is found from independent first-principles periodic density functional theory calculations. The observations are condensed into a schematic mechanism for Cd adsorption on the fly ash particles.

Published
2007

24. Structural environment of iron in hydrous aluminosilicate glass and melt-evidence from X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Author

Matthias Hahn, Pierre-Emanuel Petit, Laurent Gautron, Christian Schmidt, Valérie Malavergne, Max Wilke, François Farges, and Alexandre Simionovici

Subjects
X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Absorption spectroscopy, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Analytical chemistry, Maghemite, Mineralogy, 550 - Earth sciences, Geology, engineering.material, XANES, law.invention, X-ray absorption fine structure, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, engineering, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Crystallization, Magnetite
Abstract

The iron speciation in hydrous haplotonalitic and haplogranitic silicate glasses was studied using XAFS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spectral features occurring at the main crest of the XANES at the iron K-edge of hydrous glasses indicate contributions to the spectra by iron-moieties present in a more ordered structural environment than found in the dry glass. These differences are also suggested by analysis of the EXAFS. These effects are not completely suppressed even for those samples that were quenched with a higher cooling rate. Strongest differences to the dry glass are observed for a sample that was quenched slowly through the temperature of glass transformation. Crystals (60 to 1500 nm in size) of magnetite, maghemite and another unidentified phase were observed in this sample by TEM, whereas no crystals were found in samples quenched with regular or high cooling rates. In-situ XANES measurements up to 700 degrees C and 500 MPa were performed to reveal the origin (i.e., during synthesis or quench) of the structural differences for those hydrous glasses that do not display any detectable crystallization. The comparison of XANES spectra collected on Fe2+ in water-saturated haplogranitic melt at 700 degrees C and 500 MPa and on Fe2+ in dry melt at 1150 degrees C shows that the local structural environment of Fe2+ in both systems is similar. This indicates that there is no detectable and direct influence of water on the local structure around iron in this type of melt. Hence, the differences observed between hydrous and dry glasses can only be related to artefacts formed during the quench process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Published
2006

25. In situ speciation of nickel in hydrous melts exposed to extreme conditions

Author

Andrea Somogyi, Hélène Bureau, Max Wilke, Alexandre Simionovici, Christian Schmidt, Bénédicte Ménez, François Farges, Valérie Malavergne, Manuel Muñoz, Géomatériaux et géologie de l'ingénieur (G2I), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2011-2015] (ISTerre [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géosciences Marines (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften [Potsdam], Universität Potsdam, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences [Stanford] (GES), Stanford University [Stanford], Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Stanford] (GS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)

Subjects
Aqueous solution, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrostatic pressure, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, chemistry.chemical_element, 550 - Earth sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Silicate, Hydrothermal circulation, XANES, X-ray absorption fine structure, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, chemistry, Absorption edge, Mathematical Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In situ high-temperature and high-pressure XAFS experiments were performed at the Ni K-edge, at the ID22 μ-beamline of the ESRF (Grenoble, France). The experimental setup consists of an externally heated “Bassett-modified” hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell. The sample chamber is loaded with a water-saturated haplorhyolitic glass: (NaAlSi3O8)47(KAlSi3O8)21(SiO2)32, together with an aqueous NiCl2-solution (0.35 mol/L) and an air bubble. The experiment is carried out to a temperature (T) of 780 °C, and the corresponding hydrostatic pressure (P) is calculated to be around 520 MPa, based on the equation of state of water. μ-XANES spectra are then collected in situ in the silicate melt and in the aqueous phase. Spectroscopic data are first interpreted in terms of speciation. At the experimental P-T conditions, nickel is essentially four-coordinated in the hydrous melt, whereas its coordination is 5 in the glass. Moreover, based on the theoretical description of the absorption edge, the XANES spectra are used to derive the “fluid/melt” partitioning coefficient for nickel (0.22 ± 0.05), as well as the density of the hydrated melt (0.9 ± 0.5 g/cm3).

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. In situ micro X-ray absorption near edge structure study of microbiologically reduced selenite (SeO32−)

Author

Phil M. Oger, B. Cournoyer, Isabelle Daniel, Alexandre Simionovici, Microbiologie, adaptation et pathogénie (MAP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Metal ions in aqueous solution, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Standard solution, 01 natural sciences, Diamond anvil cell, Analytical Chemistry, Metal, 03 medical and health sciences, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, Quartz, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 010401 analytical chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, XANES, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Selenium
Abstract

The possibility exists that life originated from high-pressure, high-temperature environments fueled by the reduction of metal ions. These environments or their modern equivalent cannot be studied by standard microbiological techniques, but, metal reduction and oxidation kinetics may be accessible to X-ray analyses. We have evaluated the compatibility, the sensitivity and the efficiency of μX-ray absorption near edge structure (μXANES) and μX-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to study the kinetics of selenite reduction by prokaryotes under controlled pressure and temperature using a dedicated diamond anvil cell. These tests were performed in quartz capillaries, but the experimental set up was designed so as to accommodate the diamond anvil cell. Using μXRF coupled with μXANES, we show that we can detect and quantify Se species in solution from as low as 2 ppm. Lower quantification levels could be readily obtained by increasing counting time or incident flux and changing detectors. The chemical composition of mixtures of different selenium species has been directly determined by a combination of individual μXANES spectra made from standard solutions. The sensitivity of this method is sufficiently high to allow the study of the speciation of selenium in solution in situ and in vivo in the diamond anvil cell under controlled pressure and temperature.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Progress in quantitative elemental analyses in high P–T fluids using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF)

Author

Isabelle Martinez, Isabelle Daniel, Bruno Reynard, Carmen Sanchez-Valle, Alexandre Simionovici, Institute of Mineralogy and Petrology, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Compton scattering, Analytical chemistry, Diamond, X-ray fluorescence, Synchrotron radiation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Diamond anvil cell, Synchrotron, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Beamline, law, engineering, symbols, General Materials Science, Rayleigh scattering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Two different experimental set-ups have been installed at ID22 beamline (ESRF) for synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) analyses in diamond anvil cells (DACs). The set-ups differ from each other by the incident energy, the focusing device and the collection geometry. Analyses of standard aqueous solutions containing well-known concentrations of Sr and Rb have been performed in both experimental configurations and the detection limits (DLs) determined. The most important factors contributing to both the fluorescence intensity yield and the background have been discussed in order to determine the experimental configuration providing the lowest detection limits. The limiting factor for the analyses at very low concentrations is the background arising from the Compton and Rayleigh scattering in the diamond anvils, which have a major contribution in the collection geometry imposed by the design of the DAC. We show that slight improvements of this design enable the acquisition of the fluorescence at 150°, permitting SXRF analyses of aqueous solutions to be performed at the 40 ppm level in a standard DAC working to 10 GPa and 600 °C, at least.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Voxel-based Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray imaging and spectroscopy experiments

Author

Simone Stumbo, Pierre Bleuet, Bruno Golosio, Ubaldo Bottigli, Paolo Randaccio, Piernicola Oliva, Alexandre Simionovici, Andrea Somogyi, Laszlo Vincze, and Antonio Brunetti

Subjects
Physics, Monte Carlo method, X-ray imaging, spectroscopy experiment, Inelastic scattering, computer.software_genre, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Regular grid, Computational physics, Hybrid Monte Carlo, Chemistry, Voxel, Dynamic Monte Carlo method, Monte Carlo simulation, Variance reduction, Statistical physics, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, computer
Abstract

A Monte Carlo code for the simulation of X-ray imaging and spectroscopy experiments in heterogeneous samples is presented. The energy spectrum, polarization and profile of the incident beam can be defined so that X-ray tube systems as well as synchrotron sources can be simulated. The sample is modeled as a 3D regular grid. The chemical composition and density is given at each point of the grid. Photoelectric absorption, fluorescent emission, elastic and inelastic scattering are included in the simulation. The core of the simulation is a fast routine for the calculation of the path lengths of the photon trajectory intersections with the grid voxels. The voxel representation is particularly useful for samples that cannot be well described by a small set of polyhedra. This is the case of most naturally occurring samples. In such cases, voxel-based simulations are much less expensive in terms of computational cost than simulations on a polygonal representation. The efficient scheme used for calculating the path lengths in the voxels and the use of variance reduction techniques make the code suitable for the detailed simulation of complex experiments on generic samples in a relatively short time. Examples of applications to X-ray imaging and spectroscopy experiments are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

29. Research in quantitative microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis

Author

Sylvain Bohic, J. Ostachowicz, Joanna Chwiej, Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska, Alexandre Simionovici, Marek Lankosz, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Glass capillary optics, Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, X-ray fluorescence, Scattered tube lines, 02 engineering and technology, Fundamental parameters method, Tissue samples, 01 natural sciences, Microanalysis, Fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Optics, law, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Beam diameter, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Microbeam, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Elemental analysis, 0210 nano-technology, business, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other
Abstract

A feasibility study of previous termquantitativenext term elemental microanalysis of biological materials and glass samples by microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was completed. The previous termresearchnext term included testing the homogeneity of existing standards for X-ray fluorescence calibration and verification of a fundamental parameters method for previous termquantitativenext term analysis. The goal was to evaluate the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer as a tool for elemental analysis at the microscale level. Glass Standard Reference Materials were analyzed. The glass specimens consisted of flat, optically polished slabs having three different thicknesses. For calibration, metal thin films were used. The microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectrometer utilizing capillary optics with effective beam diameter equal to about 30 μm has been applied previous termin this research.next term Sources of uncertainties considered previous terminnext term this work were detector and X-ray tube stability, specimen movement, and spectral deconvolution. Concentrations of analytes were calculated using a fundamental parameters approach. Coherently and incoherently scattered lines of tube target were used for matrix correction and to estimate the mass thickness of the sample. The synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence technique was used for previous termquantitativenext term analysis of human brain tissue samples. previous termInnext term measurements the monochromatic and polychromatic synchrotron microbeams were applied. The same area of tissue sample was scanned with the use of both X-ray microbeams. The concentrations of selected elements were computed. A reasonably good agreement between results of both analyses was obtained

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. In situ identification and X-ray imaging of microorganisms distribution on the Tatahouine meteorite

Author

Michel Fialin, Murielle Salomé, Alexandre Simionovici, Philippe Gillet, Laurence Lemelle, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and CNES through the DAR no. 793/2001/CNES/8995 and by the NATO Scientific affairs division through grant ESG-979530

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scanning electron microscope, Speciation, Analytical chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Mars, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Electron microprobe, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, biogeology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Micro-XANES, Fluorescence Microscopy, In situ imaging, Life, synchrotron, Molecule, Spectromicroscopy, Instrumentation, Micro-XRF, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, exobiology, Bacteria, Chemistry, Phosphorus, Scanning X-ray microscopy, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, meteorite, Scale, Vivo, Meteorite, tatahouine, previous termTatahouinenext term, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other
Abstract

International audience; Microorganisms were searched for among the complex microstructures observed on the surface of a fragment of the previous termTatahouine meteoritenext term inherited from the Tunisian soil in which they were buried. In this view, the chemical compositions, particularly the nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur compositions, including the sulphur speciation, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) mapping, and scanning X-ray microscopy (SXM). A few 2-μm-thick filaments, partly covered by patches of calcite ensuring they were not deposited by a laboratory contamination, were observed by SEM. The EPMA maps show that the portions free of calcite of the filaments have low but constant contents of nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus. The SXM maps were recorded at 2473.5, 2478, and 2482.2 eV, which are respectively characteristic for amino acid linked sulphur, sulphite (SO32−), and sulphate (SO42−). The portions of the filaments detected by EPMA are also those that are enriched in amino acid linked sulphur. The calculated (N/S) elemental ratio is consistent with the one of the dehydrated Escherichia coli matter, contrary to the much lower (P/S) elemental ratio. In living cells, the bulk N and S elements are mainly located in large polymers by covalent bonds, whereas a significant amount of P belongs to small and reactive molecules. We thus can propose that the observed microstructures are dehydrated microorganisms, in which most of the elements that were composing the polymers were retained, whereas the small electrolytes and molecules were removed.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Microbeam synchrotron imaging of hairs from Ancient Egyptian mummies

Author

Paul Dumas, Jean Doucet, Philippe Walter, Loïc Bertrand, Alexandre Simionovici, G. Tsoucaris, Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique (LURE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Analytical chemistry, Context (language use), macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, X-Ray Diffraction, law, Keratin, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiation, integumentary system, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Microbeam, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Trace Elements, Archaeology, Biophysics, Keratins, Egypt, 0210 nano-technology, Synchrotrons, Hair
Abstract

Developments in microfocus synchrotron techniques have led to new results regarding the long-term alteration of archaeological samples of biological origin. Here, ancient hair samples from two Egyptian mummies have been analyzed using a conjunction of structural and elemental synchrotron methods. In this favored context of conservation, structural analysis revealed a remarkable preservation of keratin supramolecular organization at any observed length scale. Bulk keratin structure has therefore not been modified significantly over 2000 years. However, infrared spectroscopy indicated a partial disorganization of keratins close to the hair surface through polypeptide bond breakage. Elemental mapping showed a strongly heterogeneous distribution which can be related to mummification and cosmetic treatments.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Holographic Methods as Local Probes of the Atomic Order in Solids

Author

Alexandre Simionovici, Z. Jurek, M. Belakhovsky, G. Faigel, G. Bortel, M. Tegze, and Stefano Marchesini

Subjects
Holographic principle, Physics, Atomic order, Photon, business.industry, Condensed Matter (cond-mat), Holography, FOS: Physical sciences, Thread (computing), Electron, Condensed Matter, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Optics, Atomic resolution, law, Neutron, business, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy
Abstract

In the last fifteen years several techniques based on the holographic principle have been developed for the study of the 3D local order in solids. These methods use various particles: electrons, hard x-ray photons, gamma photons, or neutrons to image the atoms. Although the practical realisation of the various imaging experiments is very different, there is a common thread; the use of inside reference points for holographic imaging. In this paper we outline the basics of atomic resolution holography using inside reference points, especially concentrating to the hard x-ray case. Further, we outline the experimental requirements and what has been practically realized in the last decade. At last we give examples of applications and future perspectives., 14 pages, 6 figures

Published
2003

33. Direct determination of cadmium speciation in municipal solid waste fly ashes by synchrotron radiation induced mu-X-ray fluorescence and mu-X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Author

Maria Caterina Camerani Pinzani, Andrea Somogyi, Alexandre Simionovici, Stuart Ansell, Oliver Lindqvist, and Britt-Marie Steenari

Subjects
Cadmium, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Air Pollutants, Municipal solid waste, Absorption spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray fluorescence, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, General Chemistry, Incineration, Refuse Disposal, Absorption edge, chemistry, Fly ash, Environmental Chemistry, Nuclear chemistry, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Cadmium is a toxic metal that causes environmental concern in connection with utilization and land filling of ash from combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW). Collecting information about the chemical associations of Cd in ash is fundamental since this affects its solubility and leachability from the ash material. In the work presented here, the content, distribution, and chemical forms of toxic metals especially of Cd on/in individual Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) fly ash particles have been investigated in situ by synchrotron radiation induced mu-X-ray fluorescence and absorption spectrometry. The use of an excitation energy of 27 keV made it possible to detect trace metals, such as Cd, present at ppm levels routinely. Changing the excitation energy in the vicinity of the absorption edge of Cd (26.71 keV), the absorption spectra of this element were measured for the first time in this high energy range in micron-sized spots of individual fly ash particles. The measurements indicated Cd to be preferably concentrated in some small areas ("hot-spots") with high concentration (up to 200 ppm) rather than in a homogeneous distribution or as a thin coating on the whole particle surface, making the surface-reaction the most probable mechanism of Cd enrichment during MSW combustion processes. Comparisons of XAS spectra of fly ashes and reference compounds showed that in the particles studied Cd is present in the oxidation state +2. Analyses of linear combinations of standard spectra allowed estimating the Cd presence within fly ash particles as an admixture of primarily CdSO4, CdO, and CdCl2 as well as an unidentified compound not included as a standard.

Published
2002

34. Analysis of individual fluid inclusions using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe: progress toward calibration for trace elements

Author

M. Bonnin-Mosbah, François Gibert, Bénédicte Ménez, Pascal Philippot, Alexandre Simionovici, Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géosciences Marines (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Microprobe, Chemistry, Population, Analytical chemistry, Trace element, Mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence, Homogeneous distribution, Synchrotron, law.invention, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral), education
Abstract

International audience; A critical problem for conducting quantitative analysis of individual fluid inclusions using Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence (SXRF) technique relates to the standardization and the calibration of the X-ray spectra. In this study, different approaches have been tested for calibration purposes: (a) the use of chlorine when Cl content can be estimated either from melting point depressions of undersaturated fluid inclusions or from saturation limits for halite-bearing fluid inclusions, (b) the use of calcium from synthetic fluid inclusions of known CaCl2 content as an external standard. SXRF analysis was performed on individual fluid inclusions from the Chivor and Guali emerald deposits, Columbia. These well-known samples contain a single fluid inclusion population for which detailed crush-leach analyses are available, thus providing a relevant compositional reference frame. Concentration estimates were also compared to Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis carried out independently on the same fluid inclusions.Results of the calibration tests indicate that major (Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Mn) and trace element (Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb) concentration estimates can be performed without precise knowledge of the analytical volume and the inclusion’s 3D geometry. Although the standard deviation of the SXRF results can be relatively high depending on the calibration mode used, mean concentration estimates for most elements are in good agreement with PIXE and crush-leach analysis. Elemental distributions within single fluid inclusions were also established. Associated correlation diagrams argue for the homogeneous distribution of most elements in the fluid inclusion. In contrast, Br shows a bimodal distribution interpreted to reflect a significant enrichment of the vapor portion of the inclusion fluid.

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Methodological Study Using XAS of an ArsenicBased Antileukemia Treatment

Author

Emmanuel Curis, Ioannis Nicolis, Sylvain Bohic, Simone Bénazeth, Alexandre Simionovici, and Andrea Somogyi

Subjects
X-ray absorption spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_compound, integumentary system, chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Methodological study, Arsenic trioxide, Condensed Matter Physics, Mathematical Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Arsenic
Abstract

Acute promyelocytic leukemias relapses are treated by solubilised arsenic trioxide. The elimination rate of arsenic during the treatment is crucial. One way of elimination is by incorporating arsenic metabolites in hair. Micro-XANES experiments were performed at the ESRF ID-22 beamline on transversal hair cuts from two patients. A special code (LASE) was developed in order to refine the analysis of such data and led us to conclude that arsenic oxidation degree was +III. Micro-XANES experiments were coupled with x-ray fluorescence elemental maps of hair sections. Given the dilution of the samples, maps were collected on thick slices. Hence width effects became sensible and caused distortions of the final image. In order to refine the location of arsenic in hair, we developed models to handle these width effects. These models allowed us to conclude that arsenic was distributed at the periphery of hair. Statistical tests were developed to evaluate the relevance of the models.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Akimotoite in the Tenham meteorite: Crystal chemistry and high-pressure transformation mechanisms

Author

T. Ferroir, Bruno Reynard, Philippe Gillet, Marcel Bohn, Pierre Beck, Bertrand Van de Moortèle, Alexandre Simionovici, Ahmed El Goresy, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsonde Ouest, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), IFREMER and CNRS, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
X-Ray-Diffraction, Subducting Lithosphere, Lower Mantle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Crystal chemistry, shock melt vein, Ringwoodite, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Pyroxene, akimotoite, engineering.material, Perovskite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ilmenite-Type, Shock metamorphism, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mgsio3 Ilmenite, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, perovskite, Olivine Metastability, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, L6 Chondrite, Shock Metamorphism, tenham, Shock melt vein, Tenham, Geophysics, Garnet Transformation, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], engineering, Enstatite, Akimotoite, chondrite, Ilmenite, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

The transformation of pyroxene to its high-pressure polymorph akimotoite (MgSiO3 ilmenite type structure) is documented in the shock-induced melt veins of the L6 Tenham chondrite. Four textural relationships between pyroxene and akimotoite are observed in former pyroxene grains entrained in the shear melt vein and in pyroxene grains attached to the wall of the melt vein. In one of the entrained enstatite grains the transformation to akimotoite is partial. One third of the grain is transformed to a polycrystalline aggregate of akimotoite with a scalloped interface with enstatite. Akimotoite (Fe0.4Mg1.24Ca0.07Na0.12Al0.14)(Si1.963Al0.037)O-6 is slightly enriched in Ca (CaO = 1.74%), Al and Na with respect to enstatite (CaO = 0.71%). Narrow bands of polycrystalline akimotoite with three crystallographic orientations and a chemical composition similar to the Surrounding enstatite intersect the other part of the grain. In a second grain entrained in the shear melt vein, tablets of akimotoite are interwoven with a pyroxene glass with a lower Na and Fe content and a higher Mg content compared to the adjacent akimotoite. This pyroxene glass is probably the product of (Mg,Fe)SiO3-perovskite amorphization. Polycrystalline akimotoite is also formed at the expense of enstatite at the vein wall of the shear melt vein. In that case akimotoite is also enriched in Ca (CaO = 2.85%) Na (NaO = 1.72%) and Al (Al2O3=4.14%). All these observations suggest that akimotoite is mainly formed by solid-state transformation of former pyroxenes with subsequent diffusion of calcium, aluminum and sodium from the chondritic melt of the shear melt vein. Finally, the first complete X-ray diffraction pattern of natural akimotoite is presented. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Dissolution of strontianite at high P-T conditions: An in-situ synchrotron X-ray fluorescence study

Author

Pascal Philippot, Sylvain Bohic, Carmen Sanchez-Valle, Alexandre Simionovici, Isabelle Martinez, Isabelle Daniel, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géochimie des Isotopes Stables, Laboratoire de Géosciences Marines (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Chemistry, Carbonate minerals, Analytical chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, Fluorescence, Synchrotron, Diamond anvil cell, law.invention, Strontianite, Crystal, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dissolution
Abstract

International audience; In-situ measurements of the amount of dissolution of carbonate minerals at high pressures (up to 3.6 GPa) and temperatures (up to 523 K) are reported. Using an externally heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF), the extent of dissolution of strontianite (SrCO3) has been followed as a function of time by monitoring the fluorescence of Sr cations in the fluid surrounding the crystal. This work demonstrates that Sr2+ concentrations as low as 1000 ppm can be detected and measured in-situ in a DAC, using a forward transmission geometry. The preliminary data presented here indicate that this technique has high potential for determining solution composition in high-pressure and high-temperature geochemical studies.

Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Synchrotron hard x-ray microprobe: Fluorescence imaging of single cells

Author

Guillaume Devès, A. A. Snigirev, Christian G. Schroer, Richard Ortega, Alexandre Simionovici, Sylvain Bohic, Dominique Heymann, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Chimie Nucléaire Analytique et Bio-environnementale (CNAB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hypoxie : Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Cardiovasculaire (HP2), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH)

Subjects
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], business.industry, Chemistry, Trace element, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Microanalysis, Anticancer drug, Synchrotron, law.invention, Optics, law, X ray microprobe, 0103 physical sciences, Monochromatic color, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Imaging of trace elements in single cells was achieved by synchrotron-induced x-ray fluorescence ~SXRF! in the hard x-ray range. Monochromatic and ‘‘pink'' excitations at 14 keV were used with compound refractive lenses resulting in a 1310 mm2 beam size. The experiment shows that SXRF is well suited for microanalysis of freeze-dried cells, and demonstrated high accuracy in quantitative imaging of trace element in cells treated with pharmacological doses of an iodine-labeled anticancer drug.

Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results