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In July, the two major teachers unions entered a rare planetary conjunction, with both the National Education Association (NEA) and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) choosing new presidents at [...]

This article discusses the vital leadership role that school counselors have in reaching the profession's accountability standards. According to the school counseling program evaluation literature, this leadership responsibility is explained [...]

Leadership is a central role of the school counselor. However, this role is often intimidating to school counselors and school counseling students when viewed as a solitary undertaking. In contrast [...]

Following more than a decade of influence by the Transforming School Counseling Initiative (Education Trust, 1998, 2007) that promoted a new vision of school counselors as assertive advocates and social [...]

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, [...]

Studies on school change indicate that schools successful in sustaining school improvement build capacity for leadership within the organization (Harris & Lambert, 2003). Reliance on the leadership of the principal alone is no longer viable if schools are to improve and sustain improvement. Leadership capacity is about creating conditions within the school for growth, self-renewal, and the development and distribution of leadership throughout the school organization. Studies indicate that school leaders and teachers must commit, participate, and have leadership capacity for a school to sustain meaningful change. To explore the discussion on leadership capacity, the author will address a series of the questions based on a leadership capacity survey that was administered to a group of teachers in the school administration program and another group of candidates completing the principal internship in Washington State public schools. To discuss the issue of leadership capacity, the author started with the following question., What is broad-based, skillful leadership in schools? As already mentioned, leadership in schools is the key to success for the entire learning community. Leadership is defined by Webster's dictionary as, [...]

Because of changes in demography and the emphasis on diversity programming, organizational leaders need to understand how employees' empathy toward diverse groups affects diversity program perceptions. This study examines whether [...]

The existing literature suggests that numerous variables affect a leader's effectiveness. In this study, the authors examine behaviors associated with leadership effectiveness in driving change. Results indicate that specific leader [...]

The impact of deep-level similarity between managers ([N.sub.1] = 117) and followers ([N.sub.2] = 403) on the interrelations between transformational leadership and outcomes was analyzed. The authors accounted for similarity [...]

Research on strategic alignment argues that employees play a key role in the implementation of a strategic venture. This study examines the relationship between employee strategic knowledge, commitment, and ultimate strategy-supportive behavior. Longitudinal results from blue-collar employees involved in the implementation of a lean manufacturing strategy indicate that knowledge of the strategy predicts commitment to it. Further, strategic commitment is positively related to employees' engagement in strategic goal supportive behavior (as rated by supervisors). A key contribution of this work is empirical support for the concept of strategic commitment and its linkages with individual knowledge and strategy-supportive behavior., It may not be surprising that poor organizational strategies often fail, but research in strategy implementation demonstrates that even good strategies fail during implementation (Bonoma, 1984; Huff and Reger, 1987; [...]

Robert Fraser summarizes Ayi Kwei Armah's comments on the colonized educated African elite, as expressed in Armah's essay, 'African Socialism, Utopian or Scientific?', as follows: : After decades of domination the natives have developed massive inferiority feelings which manifest themselves in an acute dependency on their masters (Fraser, 7) Ode Ogede points to the same essay in his discussion of the colonial African educated elite, agreeing, more or less, with Armah's conclusions.(12). Wodajo brings a historical account that credits Christian missionary institutions with creating the African educated elite who turn out with as little initiative as the ones earlier described by Armah--: In 1827 missionaries founded the first higher learning institution at Fourah Bay in Sierra Leone West Africa which enhanced the formation of an African elite in the region.... The African elite ... was informed by Christian education. This type of education, according to Kofi Awoonor, ... inculcated the superiority of the European way of life ... The system downgraded the local languages thereby inculcating a sense of inferiority in the native people about their own languages. (3) From the sociological accounts we have seen above, the colonial event left the African elite lack of initiative and dependent on the handouts from the master. Critics have decried this lack of good leadership in the emergent postcolonial nations of West Africa. Charles Nnolim, for example, writes: 'The trouble with Nigeria ... is simply and squarely a failure of leadership ... the unwillingness or inability of its leaders to rise to the responsibility ...'(167) The purpose of this exercise is to examine the quality of the leadership initiative possessed by the educated elite in the postcolonial fictional world of Chinua Achebe in A man of The People., Narration is done from the worldview of the educated elite, arrogantly represented by Odili, who begins the narration against a background of ill formed images of the main actors involved [...]

Results of hypotheses testing using the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) scale and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) indicate that 7 out of 12 LMX measures (explaining 98% of the variance) and [...]

Voice of Experience advances the Journal's tradition of academic and professional excellence by considering contemporary issues and horizons in research administration. VOE is a celebrated feature column in each edition [...]

Our study investigated patterns of female participation as secondary principals that have varied across contexts and changed slowly. Researchers interviewed decision makers from a purposive sample of 10 urban and [...]

Referring to recent initiatives at global, industry-wide and societal levels to create the context for the development and diffusion of practices around corporate responsibility, Waddock (2006) coined the notion of [...]

The study presented in this article investigates how the personality of subordinates is related to leadership, an area largely neglected in prior research. Subordinates (n = 289) rated their immediate [...]

In this field study, the authors explore how choosing one context over another influences both research results and implications. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, the authors examine context from [...]

The authors investigate how perceptions of the exchange relationships among coworkers in traditional work group settings are related to supervisor evaluations of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Perceptions of coworker relationships [...]

In this study, we investigated the direct effects that two leadership styles, initiating structure and consideration, have on organizational commitment. In addition, we also examined a mediation model with role stress mediating the leadership style--organizational commitment relationship. The mediation model was significant, suggesting that leadership style affects organizational commitment because of the reduction in role stress. Implications for building and maintaining organizational commitment are discussed., Commitment to an organization involves three attitudes: (1) a sense of identification with the organization's goals, (2) a feeling of involvement in organizational duties, and (3) a feeling of loyalty [...]

The purpose of this theoretical article is to explore the psychological processes underlying employee participation in goal setting. Specifically, it presents a conceptual model that attempts to illustrate the potential [...]

The purpose of this exploratory study was to compare coaching behaviors as they relate to the underlying cultural values of Saudi Arabian and U.S. managers. The Coaching Behaviors Inventory (Noer, 2005) was administered to 80 Saudi Arabian and 71 U.S. managers to measure the frequency with which they exhibited assessing, challenging and supporting coaching behaviors. Results indicated that, relative to their U.S. counterparts, the Saudi Arabian managers 1) demonstrated more overall homogeneity in their coaching behaviors and 2) scored significantly higher on the supporting and challenging dimensions. Implications for U.S. and Saudi coaching relationships as well as the use of effective coaching behaviors to facilitate deeper and more authentic cross-cultural communications are discussed., The use of coaching as a way to enhance performance and hone leadership skills is a popular and growing management development strategy (Goldsmith and Lyons, 2005). As with any emerging [...]

Cyert and March's (1963) seminal behavioral theory is one of the two major economics-based theories of the firm that goes inside the 'black box' (the firm)--the other being the contribution [...]

The attributions that are made for subordinates' work performance have important implications for supervisors, subordinates, and the organization as a whole. However, cognitive biases, such as the self-serving or the actor-observer biases, can influence whether positive or negative attributions are made. We anticipated that subordinates whose relationship with their supervisor was positive would be more likely to experience positive attributions for their performance through the self-serving bias, whereas subordinates with a poorer supervisor relationship would experience negative attributions for their performance through the actor-observer bias. Results of a study of this prediction did show asymmetries in the attributions for performance based on in- or out-group status, with in-group supervisors, in-group subordinates and out-group subordinates all displaying the self-serving bias in their attributions for subordinate performance, and with supervisors displaying the actor-observer bias toward out-group subordinates. This may cause out-group members to become alienated from the organization, resulting in lowered job performance and increased turnover. As a result, organizational homogeneity may increase, leading to less diversity of perspectives within the organization., Leadership is a phenomenon involving a leader, a follower, and the relationship between the two (Graen and Uhl-Bien, 1995). Two theories that address the relational nature of leadership in organizational [...]

Although presidential management is often prescribed as an antidote to the fragmentation of American bureaucracy, scholars have given relatively little explicit empirical attention to the premises that sustain this theory. Indeed, the premises themselves have remained vague in important respects. This article examines the effects of presidential management as manifested in the most direct and systematic effort to oversee administrative policy making to date. Regulatory review has produced coordination of a reactive nature. It has not, however, led to the kind of top-down planning and coordination that some authorities at least implicitly associate with a unified executive. In conjunction with other evidence, this has important implications for our understanding of the institutional motives and capabilities that link the president to the administrative process., As is often noted, the delegation of policy-making authority to the bureaucracy presents important doctrinal and constitutional issues for American government. What values should guide the administrative process and what [...]

The absence of wall-established political precedents and norms presented the early American presidents with the political equivalent of a Rorschach test. This made for highly diverse leadership styles, as can be seen by comparing the leadership of George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson. This article makes such a comparison, doing so on the basis of cognitive style, emotional intelligence, public communication, organizational capacity, political skill, and policy vision., It is a near axiom of the behavioral sciences that the actions people take are a function of two broad sets of influences--their personal characteristics and the environments in which [...]

Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, and Snoek (1964) and Shivers-Blackwell (2004) asserted that managers' perceptions of organizational context and personality influence their interpretations of leadership role requirements. This follow-up study posited that [...]

We examined gender disparity in union leadership by studying the effects of gender similarity between union members and their stewards. We theorized and found that gender similarity augmented the effect of verbal persuasion on self-efficacy to serve as a steward., If asked to describe a union employee, most people would probably summon an image of a male factory worker or tradesman. Unions in the USA no longer reflect this image. [...]

This paper provides a new point of view regarding the knowledge management of new product and service development (NPSD), a high-tech field requiring the merging and integration of different technologies and business models. As case studies, we examine the dynamism of the knowledge creation process in NPSD at traditional Japanese telecommunication companies, as they merge and integrate the different elements of broadband wired and wireless network technologies and business models, and we analyse the new knowledge creation process of NPSD in two cases. In a short period of time, strategic teams at the companies formed strategic communities outside the company including customers, and then formed a network that transcended the strategic communities' boundaries. The synthesizing capability of the leadership-based strategic communities comprising community leaders inside the networked strategic communities enabled strategic teams to build new business models aimed at customers and achieved successful NPSD ahead of other competitors. Keywords innovation; knowledge; community; network; ICT, NETWORKS OF STRATEGIC COMMUNITIES It is a truism that large, established companies must continually evolve by engaging in various forms of innovation. Particularly in light of the advent of the [...]

John H. (Jack) Zenger writes, teaches, and speaks about extraordinary leadership. Today he is one of most authoritative voices on leadership and performance. He received a degree in psychology from [...]

In an effort to present a multiple level theory of leadership, we suggest a set of conditions that may moderate the acceptance of a leader's behavioral patterns. By considering leadership [...]

This paper examines the gap between moral purpose and moral performance as a problem created in part by the alienation of spirituality from civic life. We are a nation of [...]

The Western world and its values have affected Africans deeply. Developed countries have always viewed our continent as a place plagued by corruption, dictatorship, military coups, rebellious leaders, greediness, misuse [...]

To understand the kind of leadership that the chief elected official in a council-manager government can provide requires rethinking standard assumptions and models. Americans are accustomed to looking for strong [...]

Emergence not only publishes the work of academics but also of practioners in the field. In this issue we welcome the contributions of Richard Knowles, who shares with us some [...]

This paper illustrates central themes of the Cinderella fairy tale in the leadership of three contemporary women leaders, Ruth Simmons, Mary Kay, and Oprah Winfrey, who exercise their leadership in [...]

Leadership Workshop is a plan for a workshop to develop leadership skills in students from the junior high to the college level. The Workshop is designed for teachers and counselors in both pre-college and college. In the Workshop, the leader/teacher/counselor is presented with a leadership need, pre-workshop questions, leadership styles and approaches, leadership characteristics, a problem-solving process, and group activities., Introduction Leadership has always been a focus in government, especially in a democracy, because in order to have the people rule themselves, they must have a leader who directs the [...]

Bold strokes and a powerful personality are a heroic leader's defining qualities. But far from the limelight works a more practical, circumspect type of leader, one who can transform and [...]

Charles Thomas and Terrence Jason Welton came of age in the Michael Jordan era. As NCAA Division I-A basketball players during the 2001-02 season and in previous years, Thomas and [...]

Executive Summary Graduate level education in professional degree programs, such as organizational leadership, is changing and evolving rapidly. As consumers demand non-traditional scheduling arrangements and mediated 'any time, any place' [...]

Researchers studying the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) and female European immigrant activists at the turn of the century have noted the poor record of this union with respect [...]

ABSTRACT: This paper examines whether supervisors in nontraditional accounting services (vs. supervisors in financial auditing and tax services) are more likely to acquire transformational leadership skills, and, whether such skills [...]

As bricks-and-mortar companies battle Internet upstarts, some succeed in harnessing the Web to better serve consumers, generate profits and increase market share. Meanwhile others never get their e-business initiatives off [...]

Government officials, scholars, and analysts continue to debate the extent to which Al-Qaeda's central leadership remains relevant to today s battle against terrorism. After U.S. forces eliminated the group s [...]