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Материал статьи раскрывает перспективы применения возобновляемой энергии в Иркутской области, являющейся ключевым решением и наиболее практичным действием против негативного изменения климата. При быстром внедрении возобновляемых источников энергии, таких как биогаз, выбросы углекислого газа (CO2) будут примерно на 70% ниже, чем сегодня. Доказывается, что помимо достижения стабильности климата, переход к возобновляемым источникам, таким как биогаз, получаемым с применением биогазовых установок, дает значительные долгосрочные социально-экономические преимущества развития Иркутской области и является краеугольным камнем устойчивого развития предприятий агропромышленного комплекса. Благодаря применению биогазовых установок, удается добиться утилизации отходов животноводства и птицеводства с получением биогаза и качественного удобрения, которое оказывает меньше негативного воздействия на растения, чем до переработки, уменьшается эмиссия неприятных запахов, улучшаются гомогенные свойства субстрата, появляется возможность более легкого смешивания, перекачивания и распределения отходов., The material of the article reveals the prospects for the use of renewable energy in the Irkutsk region, which is the key solution and the most practical action against negative climate change. With the rapid introduction of renewable energy sources such as biogas, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will be about 70% lower than today. It is proved that in addition to achieving climate stability, the transition to renewable sources, such as biogas produced using biogas plants, provides significant long-term socio-economic benefits for the development of the Irkutsk region and is the cornerstone of sustainable development of agro-industrial enterprises. Thanks to the use of biogas plants, it is possible to achieve the utilization of animal husbandry and poultry waste with the production of biogas and high-quality fertilizer, which has less negative effects on plants than before processing, reduces the emission of unpleasant odors, improves the homogeneous properties of the substrate, there is the possibility of easier mixing, pumping and distribution of waste., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 4 (153) 2023, Pages 568-574

A workshop on the risks associated with animal botulism was held in Maisons-Alfort, France in March 2019. The objectives were to debate the public and animal health risks related to botulism, to disseminate the results obtained from the ANIBOTNET project to other European research teams that were not involved in the project and to other stakeholders, and finally to strengthen and broaden the existing research network on this topic. The workshop was divided into 4 sessions: public and animal health risks associated with botulism, a specific focus on risks associated with agricultural biogas plants, dissemination of ANIBOTNET results, and network development and future perspectives. In all, 58 delegates from 13 countries attended the workshop. A summary of the main topics and discussions during the workshop is presented here.

The number of agricultural biogas plants has been increasing in the past decades in some European countries. Digestates obtained after anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure are usually spread on agricultural land; however, their hygiene status regarding pathogens posing public health and/or animal health challenges has been poorly characterized up to now in France. In this study, three replicates of manure and digestate were collected from five farm biogas plants receiving animal manure in order to assess the occurrence and concentrations of sporulating (Clostridium botulinum, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens) and nonsporulating (Listeria monocytogenes, thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., Salmonella, Escherichia coli, enterococci) bacteria. Concentrations of E. coli, enterococci, and C. perfringens in digestates ranged from 102 to 104, 104 to 105, and 7 × 102 MPN/g and from 1.3 to 3 × 102 MPN/g, respectively. Thermotolerant Campylobacter, detected in all the manures, was only found in two digestates at a concentration of cells ranging from, The goal of this study was to assess the occurrence and concentrations of sporulating (Clostridium botulinum, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens) and nonsporulating (Listeria monocytogenes, thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., Salmonella, Escherichia coli, enterococci) bacteria in manure and digestate collected in agricultural biogas plants. The levels of pathogenic bacteria in both manure and digestate suggested that some bacteria can persist throughout anaerobic digestion.

This research was funded by the Irish Higher Education Authority Program for Research in Third Level Institutions Cycle 5: – PRTLI-5 ESI Ph.D. ENS Program. This work was also supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 094476/Z/10/Z for the TripleTOF 5600 mass spectrometer at the University of St Andrews), NERC (grant number NE/L011956/1), and a Royal Irish Academy Mobility Grant. Harvesting valuable bioproducts from various renewable feedstocks is necessary for the critical development of a sustainable bioeconomy. Anaerobic digestion is a well-established technology for the conversion of wastewater and solid feedstocks to energy with the additional potential for production of process intermediates of high market values (e.g. carboxylates). In recent years, first-generation biofuels typically derived from food crops have been widely utilised as a renewable source of energy. The environmental and socioeconomic limitations of such strategy, however, have led to the development of second-generation biofuels utilising, amongst other feedstocks, lignocellulosic biomass. In this context, the anaerobic digestion of perennial grass holds great promise for the conversion of sustainable renewable feedstock to energy and other process intermediates. The advancement of this technology however, and its implementation for industrial applications, relies on a greater understanding of the microbiome underpinning the process. To this end, microbial communities recovered from replicated anaerobic bioreactors digesting grass were analysed. The bioreactors leachates were not buffered and acidic pH (between 5.5 and 6.3) prevailed at the time of sampling as a result of microbial activities. Community composition and transcriptionally active taxa were examined using 16S rRNA sequencing and microbial functions were investigated using metaproteomics. Bioreactor fraction, i.e. grass or leachate, was found to be the main discriminator of community analysis across the three molecular level of investigation (DNA, RNA and proteins). Six taxa, namely Bacteroidia, Betaproteobacteria, Clostridia, Gammaproteobacteria, Methanomicrobia and Negativicutes accounted for the large majority of the three datasets. The initial stages of grass hydrolysis were carried out by Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria and Negativicutes in the grass biofilms, in addition to Clostridia in the bioreactor leachates. Numerous glycolytic enzymes and carbohydrate transporters were detected throughout the bioreactors in addition to proteins involved in butanol and lactate production. Finally, evidence of the prevalence of stressful conditions within the bioreactors and particularly impacting Clostridia was observed in the metaproteomes. Taken together, this study highlights the functional importance of Clostridia during the anaerobic digestion of grass and thus research avenues allowing members of this taxon to thrive should be explored. Publisher PDF

The supply and food safety needs of the growing population, particularly in (peri) urban areas, promote the intensification, concentration, and specialization of human, agricultural, livestock, and agro-industrial activities. As a result, important quantities of waste and wastewater, with significant organic and nutrient loads, are generated and need to be managed properly in order to protect the soil quality and fertility, as well as to prevent water and air pollution. Among the models, processes, treatment, and recovery technologies, anaerobic digestion can be highlighted due to the production of biogas, a renewable energy source. The understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of the resources and the conditions of waste and wastewater production and use provided by the analysis of these complex and adaptive socio-ecological systems, together with the knowledge of the biological process of biogas production, will support the selection and optimization of technologies, as well as the sizing and location of biogas plants for the promotion of renewable energy and local level economies. This integrated, hierarchical, and multidisciplinary approach takes a critical nature in the definition of technical and organizational solutions that contribute to sustainable development, for the effective quality of life, the local environment, and economy., (undefined), info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The influence of temperature, 50 and 60 degrees C, at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 20 and 10 days, on the performance of anaerobic digestion of cow manure has been investigated in completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Furthermore, the effect of both daily downward and daily upward temperature fluctuations has been studied. In the daily downward temperature fluctuation regime the temperatures of each reactor was reduced by 10 degrees C for 10 h while in the daily upward fluctuation regime the temperature of each reactor was increased 10 degrees C for 5 h. The results show that the methane production rate at 60 degrees C is lower than that at 50 degrees C at all experimental conditions of imposed HRT except when downward temperature fluctuations were applied at an HRT of 10 days. It also was found that the free ammonia concentration not only affects the acetate-utilising bacteria but also the hydrolysis and acidification process. The upward temperature fluctuation affects the maximum specific methanogenesis activity more severely as compared to imposed downward temperature fluctuations. The results clearly reveal the possibility of using available solar energy at daytime to heat up the reactor(s) without the need of heat storage during nights, especially at an operational temperature of 50 degrees C and at a 20 days HRT, and without the jeopardising of the overheating.

International audience; Agriculture substantially contributes to anthropogenic emissions of both N2O and CH4 as well as ammonia (NH3). As signatories to international conventions, EU Member States must reduce their emissions. Moreover, the European Council (December 12, 2008) defined the energy-climate package and implemented a target called "3 X 20". The aim of this target is to reduce GHG emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. It also aims to bring to a 20% share of renewable energy in the final consumption and to increase energetic efficiency by 20%. In response to these commitments, anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes is expected to expand in France in the coming years. The objectives of economic performance lead to a particular interest in centralized treatment plants involving other wastes, specifically wastes with high potential for energy production (agri-food waste, crop residues, etc.) which may be collected over long distances. However, such development is complex and requires the awareness of social and technical constraints (heat recovery, access to bio-resources...) as well as adhering to legal restrictions in the concerned areas. In this context of potential development of collective biogas plants in France, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to georeference the bio-resources and then to locate the optimal sites appears very interesting and useful tools. Such investigations have been carried out on both national and regional scales (Batzias, 2005; Dagnall, 2010) but need to be adapted for local diagnosis. For this purpose, a research project is devoted to the development of such methodologies, then applied in the “Pays de Fougères”, a 1000 km² wide rural area located in the north-eastern Brittany in France. Firstly, a bio-resource mapping is drawn by applying a calculation method specific for each substrate. A derived layer, the energy potential grid (EPG), is calculated as the sum of the energy potential at any point in the area (100 m resolution per pixel) considering for each substrate a maximum distance proportional to the energetic potential of the substrate. Next, sensitive areas (wetlands, distances from housing…) are identified as areas where the development of biogas plants is restricted, resulting in a constraint map (CM). A final suitability map is constructed by combining the CM and the EPG, synthesized in the form of a raster GIS file. To go further on this issue, the network analysis capability of GIS is used, in order to take into account the actual transport route and competitive access to bio-resources. As a result, it allows refining the diagnosis of candidate sites. This study initiates the construction of a GIS model to determine optimal sites for collective biogas plants. The specificity of the approach is that methodologies are implemented to reach a very fine level of spatialization. The precise geolocation of farms is successfully obtained through the analysis of aerial photographs and Landsat imagery is used to help the identification of crop residues. However, some improvements could be implemented in the future, such as assigning a weight factor to the bio-resources reflecting their relative importance (liquid/solid form, no additional N content in the digestate, etc.). Although this mapping provides a basis for discussion in the context of decision support, it does not allow itself to make a choice on a future location, particularly since in the investigated area, the availability of bio-resources is not a major barrier (range from 6800 to 9300 ton of oil equivalent (toe)/year). Complementary parameters could be considered like social acceptance and environmental concerns generated by such a collective biogas plant. To explore this aspect in depth, the question of local impacts like eutrophication should be taken into consideration. Thus, beyond this GIS-based model, in order to test different scenarios for the development of collective biogas plants, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is realised, assessing the environmental impacts of three scenarios as described in the paper of Aissani (2012). Future work will be to link more closely the GIS in LCA studies through the integration of spatial data and the spatial differentiation of local environmental impacts, the ultimate goal being to build a generic model for maximizing energy recovery from bio-resources in conjunction with a low environmental impact.

Este Trabajo Final de Carrera tiene como objetivo fundamental lograr la gestión de los residuos ganaderos de las explotaciones agropecuarias que se encuentran emplazadas en el polígono ganadero del municipio de Funes (Navarra) mediante la implantación de una planta de biogás, como consecuencia directa o indirecta del modelo actual de ocupación y uso actual del territorio. Para ello, se intenta explorar las posibilidades energéticas de los residuos orgánicos correspondientes al sector primario, concretamente en este caso, el sector ganadero. Así, se investiga el potencial del purín y estiércoles procedentes de las explotaciones de ganado porcino y bovino para obtener biogás mediante digestión anaerobia. Se abordan las actividades propias de unas granjas intensivas y semi-intensivas, con un número alto de cabezas, para el aprovechamiento de sus deyecciones en la obtención de biogás, que posteriormente, sirve de combustible a un grupo de cogeneración, obteniendo un posible beneficio económico y medioambiental. Se realiza un estudio de viabilidad técnica y económica para la implantación de la citada planta de biogás y un grupo de cogeneración, el cual puede permitir obtener ingresos por la venta tanto de energía eléctrica como de energía térmica. En este punto es donde se estudian diversas alternativas para analizar la rentabilidad de la inversión total con la venta de la electricidad, que hasta ahora estaba enmarcada en las condiciones que establece el Real Decreto 661/2.007 de Producción de Energía Eléctrica en Régimen Especial, pero que debido a la grave situación de crisis que sufre el país, ha sido promulgado recientemente el Real Decreto-ley 1/2.012, de 27 de enero, por el que se procede a la suspensión de los procedimientos de preasignación de retribución y a la supresión de los incentivos económicos para nuevas instalaciones de producción de energía eléctrica a partir de cogeneración, fuentes de energía renovables y residuos. Por otro lado, se puede producir un ahorro energético y como consecuencia de ello, un ahorro económico al utilizar dicha energía térmica; y por último, y no menos importante, el tratamiento y uso del efluente obtenido, que al ser de mayor “calidad” provoca menos impacto en el medio ambiente en su uso para el abonado de los cultivos. This final thesis work has the objective of the management of livestock waste from farms, that are located in the state in the municipality of Funes livestock (Navarra) through the implementation of a biogas plant, as a direct or indirect current model and current use of occupation of the territory. For this, it tries to explore the potential energy of organic waste for the primary sector, particularly in this case, the livestock sector. So, we investigate the potential of the slurry and manure from pigs and cattle farms for biogas through anaerobic digestion. It covers the activities of a farms intensive and semi-intensive, with a high number of heads to use their manure in biogas, which then serves as fuel at a cogeneration group, obtaining a possible economic and environmental benefits. A study of technical and economic viability for the implementation of that biogas planted a cogeneration group, which may allow an income from the sale of both electricity and thermal energy. This is where alternatives are studied to analyze the profitability of the total investment with the safe of electricity, which until now was framed under the conditions laid down in Royal Decree 661/2.007 Electricity Production on in Special Regime, but that, due to the serious crisis affecting the country, has been recently enacted Royal Decree-law 1/2.012 of 27 January, by which we proceed to the suspension of the pre-allocation procedures and the removal of economic incentives for new production of electricity from cogeneration, renovables and waste. On the other hand, it can produce energy savings a result, cost savings by using such thermal energy, and last but not least important, the processing and use of the effluent obtained, which being of “quality” causes lass impact on the environment when its use for the subscriber crop. Ingeniería Agronómica Nekazaritza Ingeniaritza