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Over the past 5 years, early diagnosis of and new treatments for cardiac amyloidosis (CA) have emerged that hold promise for early intervention. These include non-invasive diagnostic tests and disease modifying therapies. Recently, CA has been one of the first types of cardiomyopathy to be treated with gene editing techniques. Although these therapies are not yet widely available to patients in Australia and New Zealand, this may change in the near future. Given the rapid pace with which this field is evolving, it is important to view these advances within the Australian and New Zealand context. This Consensus Statement aims to update the Australian and New Zealand general physician and cardiologist with regards to the diagnosis, investigations, and management of CA., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest NB: Novartis, Pfizer—research, Bristol Myers Squibb—advisory board. JLH: Pfizer—advisory board, clinical trials involvement. SDJG: Pfizer, BridgBio, Alexion/Astrazeneca, Ionis, Intellia, Attralus—honoria for speaking engagements, advisory board or steering committee payments, clinical trials involvement. PM: Jansen, Pfizer—research funding/clinical trials involvement. LT: Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme—advisory board, Jansen, Pfizer, Bayer—research funding. No relevant conflicts of interest to declare: DF, JG, DK, FK, KL, DR, HS, TS., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Amyloidosis is a collection of diseases caused by the misfolding of proteins that aggregate into insoluble amyloid fibrils and deposit in tissues. While these fibrils may aggregate to form insignificant localised deposits, they can also accumulate in multiple organs to the extent that amyloidosis can be an immediately life-threatening disease, requiring urgent treatment. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques and therapies are dramatically changing the disease landscape and patient prognosis. Delays in diagnosis and treatment remain the greatest challenge, necessitating physician awareness of the common clinical presentations that suggest amyloidosis. The most common types are transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis followed by immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. While systemic AL amyloidosis was previously considered a death sentence with no effective therapies, significant improvement in patient survival has occurred over the past 2 decades, driven by greater understanding of the disease process, risk-adapted adoption of myeloma therapies such as proteosome inhibitors (bortezomib) and monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab) and improved supportive care. ATTR amyloidosis is an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure. Technetium scintigraphy has made noninvasive diagnosis much easier, and ATTR is now recognised as the most common type of amyloidosis because of the increased identification of age-related ATTR. There are emerging ATTR treatments that slow disease progression, decrease patient hospitalisations and improve patient quality of life and survival. This review aims to update physicians on recent developments in amyloidosis diagnosis and management and to provide a diagnostic and treatment framework to improve the management of patients with all forms of amyloidosis., (© 2022 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of Physicians.)