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Introduction. The first case of medullary aplasia was described in literature in 1888 by Paul Ehrlich in a pregnant woman who died of postpartum hemorrhage. The term medullary aplasia is similar to that of aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of medullar damage characterized by pancytopenia (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, erythropenia) and medullary hypoplasia; it is a rare and serious condition which has an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. Materials and method. We present the case of a pregnant 28-year-old patient who presented at the emergency room for systemic painful uterine contractions, spontaneously ruptured membranes with clear liquid exteriorization on the external genitalia and skin pallor. From the laboratory analyzes, we mention normochromic normocytic anemia (Hb=9.7 g/dL), leukopenia (2.19x103 /μL), erythropenia (3.12x106 /μL) and neutropenia (1.2x103 /μL). At the local clinical examination, there is a clear cervix, with 2 cm dilatation, cranial presentation, mobile and spontaneously ruptured membranes. Ultrasound biometry showed a pregnancy of 38 weeks and 6 days, single live fetus, cranial presentation, grade 3 posterior placenta, a small quantity of amniotic fluid, 146 BPM fetal heartbeats, and an estimated weight of 3400 grams. The diagnosis was: IG IP pregnancy, a 39-week single live fetus, with cranial presentation, spontaneous ruptured membranes, triggered birth, medullary aplasia, secondary anemia and negative birth test. Caesarean section was performed to extract one single live fetus, male, weighing 3450 grams, with an Apgar score of 9. Results. The evolution was favorable for both the mother and the fetus. Cyclosporine A has been shown to be effective during pregnancy, but at the patient’s request, the administration of CyA treatment was discontinued during breastfeeding, as it excreted in breast milk. Conclusions. Pregnancy associated with medullary aplasia increases the risk of maternal and fetal complications and, thus, it is necessary to form a multidisciplinary team to monitor the pregnancy in order to obtain the optimal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]