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The authors compared a 1-time application of bovine collagen and human amniotic membrane (HAM) to treat children with superficial second-degree burns.A prospective, blinded, internally randomized trial of 43 children was conducted. Fresh HAM (prepared in-house at the Christian Medical College, Vellore) and bovine collagen were applied to different halves of each wound and dried naturally to form a hard, shell-like, so-called exoskeleton. The shell was shed as epithelialization occurred beneath it. Clinical examination and serial photographs were used to track progress until the wound healed completely, as well as at 3 and 6 months after the burn injury. Two burns surgeons blinded to the material used evaluated the resulting scars using the Vancouver Scar Scale.The 43 children presented 3 hours after burn injury on average. A 1-time application was successful in 40 children (93%). After the dressing dried, all parents reported that their child was pain free and the exoskeleton could be handled over the burned area. A total of 16 children (37%) with a low-grade fever at the time of application were treated with simple antipyretic agents. Eight children reported itching at the dressing site. The dressing did not take or was removed in 3 children (7%). Minor serous collections occurred in 8 children who subsequently underwent aspiration. The median time to healing was 10 days in both study arms, with no significant difference in scarring between the 2 materials. Children with earlier shedding of the shell had significantly better scar quality (P.001).Collagen and HAM are safe and provide a one-time ambulatory option for burn dressing with comparable time to healing and scarring. Earlier shedding of the dressing is predictive of better scar quality. Because HAM is inexpensive and simple to prepare and store, it is an excellent choice for use in economically disadvantaged areas where collagen may be unavailable.