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An efficient, convenient green approach for the synthesis of indole-based 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles by multicomponent reaction of substituted 2-arylindole-3-carbaldehydes, benzil, substituted anilines, and ammonium acetate using catalytic amino acid (glycine) in ethanol is described. Several amino acids have also been evaluated as organic catalysts for these reactions. The structures of the compounds have been established on the basis of infrared, mass, and1H NMR spectral data. The mild reaction conditions, inexpensive/economical reagents, and good yield show the usefulness of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This newly designed route assembled a pyrazole ring with an aldehydic functionality over another pyrazole moiety. Further, formyl group was exploited in different routes such as condensation reactions, imidazole and pyrimidone/thione synthesis. The present reactions were performed with glycine, a facile catalyst, and the results were compared well with those of conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]