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The extraction behavior of rare earth (RE) elements usingN,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) in an ionic liquid (IL) system was investigated by slope analyses. Metallic salts of Pr(III), Nd(III), and Dy(III) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (TFSA) were synthesized and studied for their extraction mechanism. The selected concentration of TODGA was diluted with triethylpentylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([P2225][TFSA]) to prepare an extracting phase for the slope analyses. The stoichiometry of RE(III) was determined in order to estimate the extracted species. Furthermore, the complexation state of the extracted species was evaluated by spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The FT-IR and Raman spectra were estimated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Thorough analysis of the FT-IR spectrum was carried out in order to assign the TODGA group that mainly coordinated the metal ion. The solvation of the [TFSA]−anion in the coordination sphere of [Nd(TODGA)(2–3)]3+was investigated by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The coordination ability of TODGA was investigated from the peak shift of the hypersensitive transition (4I9/2→2G7/2) in UV–Vis spectroscopic measurements. From electrochemical analysis, the extracted [Nd(TODGA)3]3+complex in [P2225][TFSA] was found to be reduced as per the following reaction: [Nd(TODGA)3]3++ 3e−→ Nd(0) + 3[TODGA] at −3.0 V, and the diffusion coefficient of [Nd(TODGA)3]3+was calculated to be 1.6 × 10−11m2s−1at 373 K. The direct electrodeposition of the extracted [Nd(TODGA)3]3+in [P2225][TFSA] at 373 K allowed us to conclude that the middle layer of Nd electrodeposits was the metallic state, while a part of the top surface was the oxidation state by XPS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the dependence of the density and viscosity on the concentration of Nd(III) in an ionic liquid, triethylpentylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([P 2225 ][TFSA]), was investigated. The density of the ionic liquid showed a linear relationship to the Nd(III) concentration, while its viscosity increased in proportion to the Nd(III) concentration. Furthermore, the Arrhenius plot of the viscosity was in good agreement with the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation: η = η 0 T -1/2 exp [ B / ( T - T 0 ) ] . The applicability of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) in ionic liquids at elevated temperatures was proved from the relationship of the resonance frequency and the resistance to the product of the viscosity ( η L ) and the density ( ρ L ) of the ionic liquid samples. The resonance frequency shifts and the resistances were proportional to ( η L ρ L ) 1/2 at 363 K and the results agreed with the theoretical equations used for EQCM analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]