1. Insulin signaling and its application.
- Author
-
Le TKC, Dao XD, Nguyen DV, Luu DH, Bui TMH, Le TH, Nguyen HT, Le TN, Hosaka T, and Nguyen TTT
- Subjects
- Humans, Insulin, Signal Transduction, Binding Sites, Insulin Resistance, Alzheimer Disease
- Abstract
The discovery of insulin in 1921 introduced a new branch of research into insulin activity and insulin resistance. Many discoveries in this field have been applied to diagnosing and treating diseases related to insulin resistance. In this mini-review, the authors attempt to synthesize the updated discoveries to unravel the related mechanisms and inform the development of novel applications. Firstly, we depict the insulin signaling pathway to explain the physiology of insulin action starting at the receptor sites of insulin and downstream the signaling of the insulin signaling pathway. Based on this, the next part will analyze the mechanisms of insulin resistance with two major provenances: the defects caused by receptors and the defects due to extra-receptor causes, but in this study, we focus on post-receptor causes. Finally, we discuss the recent applications including the diseases related to insulin resistance (obesity, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer) and the potential treatment of those based on insulin resistance mechanisms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Le, Dao, Nguyen, Luu, Bui, Le, Nguyen, Le, Hosaka and Nguyen.)
- Published
- 2023
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