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One of the components of a dementia diagnosis is the assessment of functional abilities. These abilities are measured via screeners, such as the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. The IADL scale is a valid tool that has been adapted in many languages. This study aimed to provide a cut-off point and validate the Greek version of the IADL scale in populations with cognitive impairment. IADL data were collected from 132 individuals: 24 PD patients, 24 Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) patients, and 24 AD patients. The remaining 60 participants were cognitive healthy adults (CHAs). The CHA group and the PD group served as the cognitively unimpaired group (CUG), while the PDD and AD groups served as the cognitively impaired group (CIG). Additionally, the MMSE, the AMTS, the Clock Drawing Test CDT, the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD), the NPI, and the GDS-15 were administered to the participants. Statistically significant differences in the IADL scores were exhibited between all subgroups. The IADL scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.890). A threshold equal to 6.00 (AUC = 0.888, p < 0.001) was estimated between the CUG and the CIG. Significant positive correlations were observed between IADL and MMSE (r = 0.764, p < 0.001), IADL and AMTS (r = 0.724, p < 0.001), IADL and ABCD (r = 0.702, p < 0.001), and IADL and CDT (r = 0.627, p < 0.001) results. Given the obtained results, the IADL scale is a valid tool for clinical use with high reliability and sensitivity. Also, the IADL scale is a valuable instrument for screening functional abilities associated with cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Screening people's cognitive skills have been proven essential for reference to full assessment. These methods include short scales, such as the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS). The AMTS is a valid 10-item questionnaire that has been translated into many languages, but not in Greek yet. The aim of this study is the validation of the Greek version of the AMTS with an additional estimation of its cutoff scores. Methods: About 132 individuals [60 controls and 72 patients (24 with Parkinson's disease (PD), 24 with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and 24 with Alzheimer's disease (AD)] participated in this study. All participants besides the AMTS completed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Tuokko's Clock Drawing Test (CDT), the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD), the Hellenic versions of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results: Statistically significant differences were found between all subgroups for the AMTS. The AMTS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.819 and coefficient omega ω=0.814). A threshold equal to 6.50 (AUC: 0.908, p=0.000) between groups with and without cognitive impairment was calculated. The AMTS was significantly correlated with the CDT, IADL, and MMSE. Conclusion: The proposed version of the AMTS can distinguish between groups with and without cognitive impairment. Additionally, the AMTS is found to be clinically valid having high reliability and classification accuracy. Conclusively, it is a valuable instrument for screening different types of cognitively impaired patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to be the first to validate the Tuokko version of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and estimate its cutoff score after its translation into the Greek language and administration in the Greek population. One hundred and thirty-two individuals participated in this study [60 with Good Cognitive Health (GCH), 24 with Parkinson's Disease (PD), 24 with Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) and 24 with Alzheimer's Disease (AD)]. The CDT was administered to all participants. Additionally, the cognitive and mental status of the sample were estimated through the use of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (H-NPI) and the Geriatric Depression Scale −15 (GDS-15). Statistically significant differences were found between all groups on the CDT, with AD patients having lower scores than all subgroups in the study. The CDT showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.832). The ROC analysis provided a cutoff point equal to 4.00 (AUC: 0.821, p < 0.001) between the Cognitively Unimpaired Group (CUG: GCH and PD group) and the Cognitively Impaired Group (CIG: PPD and AD patients), 5.00 (AUC: 0.845, p < 0.001) between the GCH group and the PDD group, and 4.00 (AUC: 0.780, p < 0.001) between the GCH group and the AD group. Finally, the cutoff point between the PD group and the PDD group was 4.00 (AUC: 0.896, p < 0.005), and 3.00 (AUC: 0.899, p < 0.001) between the PD group and the AD group. Significant positive Pearson's correlations were observed between CDT and MMSE (r = 0.808, p < 0.001), CDT and AMTS (r = 0.688, p < 0.001), CDT and ABCD (r = 0.770, p < 0.001), CDT and the ABCD Visuospatial Construction subdomain (r = 0.880, p < 0.001); while a negative correlation was found between CDT and IADL (r = −0.627, p < 0.001) between the CUG and the CIG groups. Given the results obtained, the CDT appears to be a clinically valid screening instrument for the assessment of visuospatial abilities, with high reliability in Greek populations with cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]