1. Longitudinal analysis of tetanus- and influenza-specific IgG antibodies in myeloma patients.
- Author
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Kobold S, Luetkens T, Bartels BM, Cao Y, Hildebrandt Y, Sezer O, Reinhard H, Templin J, Bartels K, Lajmi N, Haag F, Bokemeyer C, Kröger N, and Atanackovic D
- Subjects
- Aged, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Antineoplastic Agents administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Immunity, Humoral, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Immunosuppression Therapy, Injections, Intravenous, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma therapy, Nucleocapsid Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation, Homologous, Viral Core Proteins immunology, Antibodies, Bacterial biosynthesis, Antibodies, Viral biosynthesis, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Immunoglobulin G blood, Alphainfluenzavirus immunology, Multiple Myeloma immunology, Tetanus Toxoid immunology
- Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) and its therapies may induce a severely compromised humoral immunity. We have performed a longitudinal analysis of IgG-antibody responses against influenza virus (FLU) and tetanus toxoid (TT) as surrogate markers for the B cell-mediated immunity in MM patients., Methods: 1094 serum samples of 190 MM patients and samples from 100 healthy donors were analyzed by ELISA for FLU- and TT-specific antibodies., Results: MM patients evidenced lower levels of FLU- and TT-specific antibodies than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Immunoreactivity decreased with progressing disease and worsening clinical status. Levels of FLU- and TT-specific antibodies increased shortly (0-6 months) after alloSCT (P < 0.001), a time-period during which intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is routinely applied. Thereafter, antibody concentrations declined and remained suppressed for 3 years in the case of FLU-specific and for more than 5 years in the case of TT-specific antibodies., Conclusions: We found that MM is associated with a profound disease- and therapy-related immunosuppression, which is compensated for a few months after alloSCT, most likely by application of IVIG. This and the differences regarding the recovery of anti-FLU and anti-TT antibody titers during the following years need to be taken into account for optimizing IVIG application and immunization after alloSCT.
- Published
- 2012
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