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1. Current patch test results with the European baseline series and extensions to it from the 'European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy' network, 2007-2008.

Author

Uter W, Aberer W, Armario-Hita JC, Fernandez-Vozmediano JM, Ayala F, Balato A, Bauer A, Ballmer-Weber B, Beliauskiene A, Fortina AB, Bircher A, Brasch J, Chowdhury MM, Coenraads PJ, Schuttelaar ML, Cooper S, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Zmudzinska M, Elsner P, English JS, Frosch PJ, Fuchs T, García-Gavín J, Fernández-Redondo V, Gawkrodger DJ, Giménez-Arnau A, Green CM, Horne HL, Johansen JD, Jolanki R, Pesonen M, King CM, Krêcisz B, Chomiczewska D, Kiec-Swierczynska M, Larese F, Mahler V, Ormerod AD, Peserico A, Rantanen T, Rustemeyer T, Sánchez-Pérez J, Sansom JE, Silvestre JF, Simon D, Spiewak R, Statham BN, Stone N, Wilkinson M, and Schnuch A

Subjects
Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Metals toxicity, Occupational Diseases diagnosis, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Perfume adverse effects, Prevalence, Allergens, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Patch Tests
Abstract

Background: The pattern of contact sensitization to the supposedly most important allergens assembled in the baseline series differs between countries, presumably at least partly because of exposure differences. Objectives. To describe the prevalence of contact sensitization to allergens tested in consecutive patients in the years 2007 and 2008, and to discuss possible differences., Methods: Data from the 39 departments in 11 European countries comprising the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy network (www.essca-dc.org) in this period have been pooled and analysed according to common standards., Results: Patch test results with the European baseline series, and country-specific or department-specific additions to it, obtained in 25 181 patients, showed marked international variation. Metals and fragrances are still the most frequent allergens across Europe. Some allergens tested nationally may be useful future additions to the European baseline series, for example methylisothiazolinone, whereas a few long-term components of the European baseline series, namely primin and clioquinol, no longer warrant routine testing., Conclusions: The present analysis points to 'excess' prevalences of specific contact sensitization in some countries, although interpretation must be cautious if only few, and possibly specialized, centres are representing one country. A comparison as presented may help to target in-depth research into possible causes of 'excess' exposure, and/or consideration of methodological issues, including modifications to the baseline series., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Published
2012
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2. The European baseline series in 10 European Countries, 2005/2006--results of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA).

Author

Uter W, Rämsch C, Aberer W, Ayala F, Balato A, Beliauskiene A, Fortina AB, Bircher A, Brasch J, Chowdhury MM, Coenraads PJ, Schuttelaar ML, Cooper S, Corradin MT, Elsner P, English JS, Fartasch M, Mahler V, Frosch PJ, Fuchs T, Gawkrodger DJ, Gimènez-Arnau AM, Green CM, Horne HL, Jolanki R, King CM, Krêcisz B, Kiec-Swierczynska M, Ormerod AD, Orton DI, Peserico A, Rantanen T, Rustemeyer T, Sansom JE, Simon D, Statham BN, Wilkinson M, and Schnuch A

Subjects
Adult, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact epidemiology, Dermatitis, Atopic epidemiology, Dermatitis, Occupational epidemiology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Allergens, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Atopic etiology, Dermatitis, Occupational etiology
Abstract

Background: Continual surveillance based on patch test results has proved useful for the identification of contact allergy., Objectives: To provide a current view on the spectrum of contact allergy to important sensitizers across Europe., Patients/methods: Clinical and patch test data of 19 793 patients patch tested in 2005/2006 in the 31 participating departments from 10 European countries (the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies' (ESSCA) www.essca-dc.org) were descriptively analysed, aggregated to four European regions., Results: Nickel sulfate remains the most common allergen with standardized prevalences ranging from 19.7% (central Europe) to 24.4% (southern Europe). While a number of allergens shows limited variation across the four regions, such as Myroxylon pereirae (5.3-6.8%), cobalt chloride (6.2-8.8%) or thiuram mix (1.7-2.4%), the differences observed with other allergens may hint on underlying differences in exposures, for example: dichromate 2.4% in the UK (west) versus 4.5-5.9% in the remaining EU regions, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone 4.1% in the South versus 2.1-2.7% in the remaining regions., Conclusions: Notwithstanding residual methodological variation (affecting at least some 'difficult' allergens) tackled by ongoing efforts for standardization, a comparative analysis as presented provides (i) a broad overview on contact allergy frequencies and (ii) interesting starting points for further, in-depth investigation.

Published
2009
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3. Chromate allergy from contact with leather furnishings.

Author

Patel TG, Kleyn CE, King CM, and Wilson NJ

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Back, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact pathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Hand Dermatoses etiology, Hand Dermatoses pathology, Humans, Interior Design and Furnishings, Leg, Patch Tests, Shoes adverse effects, Allergens adverse effects, Chromates adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Hand Dermatoses diagnosis
Published
2006
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4. Contact dermatitis from 3 different allergens in Solaraze gel.

Author

Kleyn CE, Bharati A, and King CM

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Allergens administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Diclofenac administration & dosage, Drug Eruptions etiology, Female, Gels adverse effects, Humans, Keratosis drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Patch Tests methods, Polyethylene Glycols administration & dosage, Risk Factors, Allergens adverse effects, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Diclofenac adverse effects, Drug Eruptions diagnosis, Polyethylene Glycols adverse effects
Published
2004
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5. Allergic contact dermatitis from isohexadecane and isopropyl myristate.

Author

Bharati A and King CM

Subjects
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact pathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Patch Tests, Alkanes adverse effects, Allergens adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Myristates adverse effects, Sunscreening Agents adverse effects
Published
2004
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6. An isotopic response to patch testing.

Author

Bell HK and King CM

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arm, Drug Eruptions etiology, Drug Eruptions immunology, Eczema chemically induced, Eczema immunology, Female, Gentamicins adverse effects, Humans, Patch Tests, Preservatives, Pharmaceutical adverse effects, Allergens adverse effects, BCG Vaccine adverse effects, Drug Eruptions diagnosis, Eczema diagnosis
Published
2003
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7. Immediate-type hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine in hair dye.

Author

Wong GA and King CM

Subjects
Adult, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact etiology, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact pathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate etiology, Hypersensitivity, Immediate pathology, Patch Tests, Scalp Dermatoses chemically induced, Scalp Dermatoses pathology, Allergens adverse effects, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact diagnosis, Hair Preparations adverse effects, Hypersensitivity, Immediate diagnosis, Phenylenediamines adverse effects, Scalp Dermatoses diagnosis
Published
2003
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9. On the potential significance of the enzymatic activity of mite allergens to immunogenicity. Clues to structure and function revealed by molecular characterization.

Author

Robinson C, Kalsheker NA, Srinivasan N, King CM, Garrod DR, Thompson PJ, and Stewart GA

Subjects
Allergens chemistry, Allergens genetics, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antigens chemistry, Antigens genetics, Antigens, Dermatophagoides, Cysteine Endopeptidases chemistry, Cysteine Endopeptidases genetics, Glycoproteins chemistry, Glycoproteins genetics, Humans, Mites chemistry, Mites genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Structure-Activity Relationship, Allergens immunology, Antigens immunology, Cysteine Endopeptidases immunology, Glycoproteins immunology, Mites enzymology, Protein Structure, Tertiary
Published
1997

10. A comparative study of three serine proteases from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae.

Author

Stewart GA, Kollinger MR, King CM, and Thompson PJ

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Azo Compounds analysis, Azo Compounds immunology, Caseins analysis, Caseins immunology, Chromatography, Affinity, Chromatography, Agarose, Chymotrypsin immunology, Collagen analysis, Collagen immunology, Culture Media, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mites immunology, Molecular Weight, Pancreatic Elastase immunology, Protein Binding, Trypsin immunology, Allergens immunology, Chymotrypsin analysis, Mites enzymology, Pancreatic Elastase analysis, Trypsin analysis
Abstract

Studies have shown that the dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae contain several serine proteases, two of which have been shown to be allergenic, and to include trypsin and chymotrypsin, corresponding to the groups III and VI mite allergens. However, mites also contain other serine proteases, and the data reported in this study show that an elastase-like enzyme is present in both species. This enzyme was differentiated from the other serine proteases, particularly chymotrypsin, on the basis of charge, substrate specificity, and inhibition by copper and mercury cations. Its apparent mol. mass, as judged by gel filtration, was similar to those previously described for trypsin and chymotrypsin, i.e., 30 kDa. Several isoforms were detected by isoelectric focusing, but the isoelectric points of the major forms in both D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were 10.5 and 9.8, respectively, contrasting with the acidic mite chymotrypsins. All three serine proteases were detected in whole mite and faecally enriched extracts, but the activities of trypsin and the elastase-like enzyme were greater in the latter type of extract. These data were similar to those obtained by quantitative immunochemical analysis of the D. farinae group III allergen in appropriate extracts, suggesting that culture conditions may modulate protease production. A monoclonal antibody affinity matrix specific for the group III allergen from D. farinae was shown to bind mite trypsin. However, a small amount of mite chymotrypsin also bound, suggesting limited immunologic cross-reactivity, a finding consistent with known sequence data.

Published
1994
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11. European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA)

Author

Dittmar, Daan, Uter, Wolfgang, Bauer, Andrea, Fortina, Anna B, Bircher, Andreas J, Czarnecka-Operacz, Magdalena, Dugonik, Aleksandra, Elsner, Peter, Gallo, Rosella, Ghaffar, Sharizan A, Giménez-Arnau, Anna, Johnston, Graham A, Kręcisz, Beata, Filon, Francesca L, Rustemeyer, Thomas, Sadowska-Przytocka, Anna, Sánchez-Pérez, Javier, Schnuch, Axel, Simon, Dagmar, Spiewak, Radoslaw, Spring, Philipp, Corradin, Maria T, Valiukevičienė, Skaidra, Vok, Marko, Weisshaar, Elke, Wilkinson, Mark, Schuttelaar, Marie L, Aberer W, Ballmer-Weber B, Grabbe J, Beiteke U, Brasch J, Fuchs T, John SM, Mahler V, Pesonen M, Jolanki R, Rantanen T, Armario-Hita JC, Fernández-Redondo V, García-Gavín J, Mercader P, Ruiz I, Silvestre JF, Balato A, Ayala F, Peserico A, Sliuziaviciene G, Kieć-Świerczyńska M, Kmecl T, Pandurovic MK, Kecelj N, Lunder T, Simončič Godnič M, Chowdhury MMU, Cooper SM, English JSC, Cousen P, Horne HL, Gawkrodger DJ, Holden C, Sabroe R, Green CM, King CM, Ormerod AD, Samson JE, Statham B, Stone N, White I., Dittmar, Daan, Uter, Wolfgang, Bauer, Andrea, Fortina, Anna B, Bircher, Andreas J, Czarnecka-Operacz, Magdalena, Dugonik, Aleksandra, Elsner, Peter, Gallo, Rosella, Ghaffar, Sharizan A, Giménez-Arnau, Anna, Johnston, Graham A, Kręcisz, Beata, Filon, Francesca L, Rustemeyer, Thoma, Sadowska-Przytocka, Anna, Sánchez-Pérez, Javier, Schnuch, Axel, Simon, Dagmar, Spiewak, Radoslaw, Spring, Philipp, Corradin, Maria T, Valiukevičienė, Skaidra, Vok, Marko, Weisshaar, Elke, Wilkinson, Mark, Schuttelaar, Marie L, Aberer, W, Ballmer-Weber, B, Grabbe, J, Beiteke, U, Brasch, J, Fuchs, T, John, Sm, Mahler, V, Pesonen, M, Jolanki, R, Rantanen, T, Armario-Hita, Jc, Fernández-Redondo, V, García-Gavín, J, Mercader, P, Ruiz, I, Silvestre, Jf, Balato, A, Ayala, F, Peserico, A, Sliuziaviciene, G, Kieć-Świerczyńska, M, Kmecl, T, Pandurovic, Mk, Kecelj, N, Lunder, T, Simončič Godnič, M, Chowdhury, Mmu, Cooper, Sm, English, Jsc, Cousen, P, Horne, Hl, Gawkrodger, Dj, Holden, C, Sabroe, R, Green, Cm, King, Cm, Ormerod, Ad, Samson, Je, Statham, B, Stone, N, White, I., Dermatology, Public Health Research (PHR), Fortina, Ana B., Bircher, Andreas J., Ghaffar, Sharizan A., Johnston, Graham A., Larese Filon, Francesca., Corradin, Maria T., Schuttelaar, Marie L., Aberer, Werner, Ballmer-Weber, Barbara, Grabbe, Jürgen, Beiteke, Ulrike, Brasch, Jochen, Fuchs, Thoma, John, Swen Malte, Mahler, Vera, Pesonen, Maria, Jolanki, Riitta, Rantanen, Tapio, Armario-Hita, José Carlo, Fernández-Redondo, Virginia, García-Gavín, Juan, Mercader, Pedro, Ruiz, Inmaculada, Silvestre, Juan Fco., Balato, Anna, Ayala, Fabio, Peserico, Andrea, Sliuziaviciene, Gondinga, Kieć-Świerczyńska, Marta, Kmecl, Tanja, Pandurovic, Maja Kalac, Kecelj, Nada, Lunder, Tomaž, Simončič Godnič, Mojca, Chowdhury, Mahbub M. U., Cooper, Susan M., English, John S. C., Cousen, Philippa, Horne, Helen L., Gawkrodger, David J., Holden, Catherine, Sabroe, Ruth, Green, Cathy M., King, Codagh M., Ormerod, Anthony D., Samson, Jane E., Statham, Barry, Stone, Natalie, and White, Ian

Subjects
Allergy, Allergic Contact, Occupational Dermatitis, ANGRY BACK SYNDROME, Dermatitis, SUSCEPTIBILITY, medicine.disease_cause, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Allergen, Quality of life, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, Adult Allergens Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Atopic Europe Humans Middle Aged Patch Tests Population Surveillance Prevalence Retrospective Studies Young Adult, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Young adult, 610 Medicine & health, DERMATOLOGY IVDK, education.field_of_study, PATCH-TEST REACTIONS, Patch test, BASE-LINE SERIES, clinical epidemiology, Middle Aged, Patch Tests, DERMATITIS-RESEARCH-GROUP, contact allergy, patch test, polysensitization, Adult, Allergens, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Dermatitis, Atopic, Europe, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Population Surveillance, Atopic Europe Humans Middle Aged Patch Tests Population Surveillance Prevalence Retrospective Studies Young Adult, GENETIC-FACTORS, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, INFORMATION-NETWORK, Population, Dermatology, Atopic, 2708, 03 medical and health sciences, P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, education, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Adult Allergens Dermatitis, medicine.disease, 030228 respiratory system, business, Demography
Abstract

Background. Polysensitization, defined as being allergic to three or more haptens from the European baseline series, is considered to reflect increased susceptibility to developing a contact allergy, and is likely to be associated with an impaired quality of life.Objectives. To evaluate the prevalences of polysensitization across Europe and to analyse factors associated with polysensitization.Methods. Patch test data collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA; www.essca-dc.org) in consecutively patch tested patients from January 2009 to December 2014, comprising 11 countries and 57 departments, were retrospectively analysed.Results. A total of 86 416 patients were available for analysis, showing a standardized prevalence of polysensitization of 7.02%, ranging from 12.7% (Austria) to 4.6% (Italy). Allergen pairs with the strongest association are reported for the total population, for South Europe, and for North/Central Europe. Overall, polysensitized patients showed a higher percentage of extreme (+++) positive patch test reactions than oligosensitized patients. Female sex, occupational dermatitis and age > 40 years were risk factors for polysensitization.Conclusions. The varying prevalences of polysensitization across Europe most likely reflect differences in patient characteristics and referral patterns between departments. Knownrisk factors for polysensitization are confirmed in a European dermatitis population.

Published
2018

12. Patch test results with fragrance markers of the baseline series - Analysis of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) network 2009-2012

Author

Frosch, Pj1, 2, Duus Johansen J3, Schuttelaar, Ml4, Silvestre, Jf5, Sánchez Pérez J6, Weisshaar, E7, Uter, W8, ESSCA n. e. t. w. o. r. k. Aberer, W, Bircher, A, Simon, D, Ballmer Weber, B, Spring, P, Frosch, P, Fuchs, T, Brasch, J, Bauer, A, Elsner, P, John, Sm, Mahler, V, Weisshaar, E, Johansen, Jd, Giménez Arnau, A, Sánchez Pérez, J, Silvestre, Jf, García Gavín, J, Fernández Redondo, V, Amario Hita, Jc, Mercader, P, Ruiz, I, Jolanki, R, Pesonen, M, Rantanen, T, Ayala, F, Balato, A, PESERICO STECCHINI NEGRI DE SALVI, Andrea, Fortina, Ab, Filon, Fl, Corradin, Mt, Gallo, R, Valiukeviciene, S, Sliuziaviciene, G, Coenraads, Pj, Schuttelaar, Ml, Rustemeyer, T, Kręcicz, B, Kieć Świerczyńska, M, Spiewak, R, Sadowska, A, Czarnecka Operacz, M, Dugonik, A, Pandurovic, Mk, Kmecl, T, Vok, M, Godnic, S, Mesto, N, Lunder, T, Green, Cm, Wilkinson, M, Sansom, Je, King, Cm, Horne, Hl, English, Js, Johnston, Ga, Statham, Bn, Chowdhury, Mm, Stone, N, Cooper, S, Gawkrodger, Dj, Sabroe, R, Holden, C, Ormerod, A. d., BELLONI FORTINA, Anna, Frosch, Pj, Duus Johansen, J, Schuttelaar, Ml, Silvestre, Jf, Sánchez-Pérez, J, Weisshaar, E, Uter, W, Larese Filon, F., and Essca, Network

Subjects
Adult, Male, contact allergy, contact sensitization, fragrances, patch testing, regional differences, 2708, Immunology and Allergy, Allergic Contact, Petrolatum, Dermatitis, Prevalence, fragrance, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Medicine (all), Allergens, Patch Tests, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Europe, Female, Perfume, Population Surveillance, regional difference
Abstract

Contact allergy to fragrances is common, and impairs quality of life, particularly in young women. OBJECTIVE: To provide current results on the prevalences of sensitization to fragrance allergens used as markers in the baseline series of most European countries. METHODS: Data of patients consecutively patch tested between 2009 and 2012 in 12 European countries with fragrance allergens contained in the baseline series were collected by the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies network and descriptively analysed. Four departments used the TRUE Test(®) system. RESULTS: The 'basic markers' were tested on 51 477 [fragrance mix II (FM II)] to 57 123 [Myroxylon pereirae, balsam of Peru] patients, and yielded positive reactions as follows: fragrance mix I 6.9%, Myroxylon pereirae 5.4%, FM II 3.8%, colophonium 2.6%, and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde 1.7%, with some regional differences. Prevalences with TRUE Test(®) allergens were lower. Additional fragrances were tested on 3643 (trimethylbenzenepropanol) to 14 071 (oil of turpentine) patients, and yielded between 2.6% (Cananga odorata) and 0.7% (trimethylbenzenepropanol) positive reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Contact allergy to fragrances is common throughout Europe, with regional variation probably being explained by patch test technique, and differences in exposure and referral patterns. The current basic markers of fragrance sensitivity in the baseline series should be supplemented with additional fragrance allergens.

Published
2015

13. Current patch test results with the European baseline series and extensions to it from the 'European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy' network, 2007-2008

Author

Marielouise Schuttelaar, Magda Czarnecka-Operacz, Tapio Rantanen, Werner Aberer, Thomas Rustemeyer, Andrea Peserico, Pieter Jan Coenraads, Dorota Chomiczewska, Clodagh M. King, Riitta Jolanki, Thomas Fuchs, José Carlos Armario-Hita, Peter J. Frosch, Andreas J. Bircher, Anna Balato, Javier Sánchez-Pérez, Maria Zmudzinska, Juan García-Gavín, Beata Krecisz, C. Green, Fabio Ayala, Virginia Fernández-Redondo, Jeanne D. Johansen, Helen L. Horne, Jochen Brasch, Mahbub M. U. Chowdhury, Wolfgang Uter, Radoslaw Spiewak, Vera Mahler, Maria Pesonen, Mark Wilkinson, Natalie M. Stone, Dagmar Simon, Barbara Ballmer-Weber, J.F. Silvestre, Susan Cooper, Marta Kieć-Swierczyńska, F Larese, Andrea Bauer, John S. C. English, Anthony Ormerod, J.M. Fernández-Vozmediano, David J. Gawkrodger, Aiste Beliauskiene, Jane E. Sansom, Anna Belloni Fortina, Ana Giménez-Arnau, Axel Schnuch, B. N. Statham, Peter Elsner, University of Zurich, Uter, Wolfgang, Public Health Research (PHR), Uter, W, Aberer, W, Armario Hita, Jc, Fernandez Vozmediano, Jm, Ayala, F, Balato, A, Bauer, A, Ballmer Weber, B, Beliauskiene, A, Fortina, Ab, Bircher, A, Brasch, J, Chowdhury, Mm, Coenraads, Pj, Schuttelaar, Ml, Cooper, S, Czarnecka Operacz, M, Zmudzinska, M, Elsner, P, English, J, Frosch, Pj, Fuchs, T, García Gavín, J, Fernández Redondo, V, Gawkrodger, Dj, Giménez Arnau, A, Green, Cm, Horne, Hl, Johansen, Jd, Jolanki, R, Pesonen, M, King, Cm, Krêcisz, B, Chomiczewska, D, Kiec Swierczynska, M, LARESE FILON, Francesca, Mahler, V, Ormerod, Ad, Peserico, A, Rantanen, T, Rustemeyer, T, Sánchez Pérez, J, Sansom, Je, Silvestre, Jf, Simon, D, Spiewak, R, Statham, Bn, Stone, N, Wilkinson, M, Schnuch, A., Armario-Hita, Jc, Fernandez-Vozmediano, Jm, Ballmer-Weber, B, Czarnecka-Operacz, M, García-Gavín, J, Fernández-Redondo, V, Giménez-Arnau, A, Kiec-Swierczynska, M, Larese, F, Sánchez-Pérez, J, Dermatology, and CCA - Innovative therapy

Subjects
Nickel allergy, Male, contact dermatitis, METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE, health reporting, chemistry.chemical_compound, STANDARD, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, PROTECTION, REGULATORY INTERVENTION, COBALT RELEASE, contact dermatitis, epidemiology, patch test, A MULTICENTER, NICKEL ALLERGY, Incidence, Patch test, 10177 Dermatology Clinic, clinical epidemiology, Patch Tests, clinical epidemiology, contact allergy, health reporting, patch testing, Perfume, SENSITIZATION, Europe, Occupational Diseases, Metals, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Female, epidemiology, patch test, medicine.medical_specialty, IVDK, 610 Medicine & health, Dermatology, 2708 Dermatology, patch tests, Methylisothiazolinone, Environmental health, contact dermatiti, medicine, Humans, Baseline (configuration management), Allergic contact dermatitis, patch testing, Series (stratigraphy), business.industry, Allergens, medicine.disease, Surgery, chemistry, PHENYLENEDIAMINE, contact allergy, business, Contact dermatitis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The pattern of contact sensitization to the supposedly most important allergens assembled in the baseline series differs between countries, presumably at least partly because of exposure differences. Objectives. To describe the prevalence of contact sensitization to allergens tested in consecutive patients in the years 2007 and 2008, and to discuss possible differences.METHODS: Data from the 39 departments in 11 European countries comprising the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy network (www.essca-dc.org) in this period have been pooled and analysed according to common standards.RESULTS: Patch test results with the European baseline series, and country-specific or department-specific additions to it, obtained in 25 181 patients, showed marked international variation. Metals and fragrances are still the most frequent allergens across Europe. Some allergens tested nationally may be useful future additions to the European baseline series, for example methylisothiazolinone, whereas a few long-term components of the European baseline series, namely primin and clioquinol, no longer warrant routine testing.CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis points to 'excess' prevalences of specific contact sensitization in some countries, although interpretation must be cautious if only few, and possibly specialized, centres are representing one country. A comparison as presented may help to target in-depth research into possible causes of 'excess' exposure, and/or consideration of methodological issues, including modifications to the baseline series.

Published
2012

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