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Publisher Summary This chapter explores some of the mathematical concepts for engineers and scientists. It discusses functional notation and presents fundamental definitions. If a variable number, “y,” is determined when a second variable number, “x,” is specified, “y” is said to be a function of “x.” “x” is called the independent variable and “y” is the dependent variable. The chapter presents some examples of the functions that are defined in specified intervals or ranges of values of “x.” It discusses Horner's method, which is a systematic method of obtaining to any desired degree of accuracy the real roots of a polynomial equation. For any particular root, this method consists of repeated applications of a cycle of three operations; each cycle providing one integer of the decimal expression of the root. Continuity is represented graphically by a curve without gaps. The idea of a limit is associated with the behavior of a function “f(x)” as “x” approaches a given value from above or below.