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Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional, la motivación para el cambio y el estrés provocado por el consumo de alcohol y drogas de personas que están en tratamiento contra la adicción en una región del norte de México. Metodología: diseño descriptivo correlacional con una muestra de 62 hombres. Resultados: el 35.5% de los entrevistados presentaba consumo problemático de alcohol y el 74.2% consumo perjudicial de drogas. La inteligencia emocional tiene una relación positiva y significativa con la motivación para el cambio (rs = 0.290, p < 0.001) y una relación negativa y significativa con el estrés (rs = ‒0.325, p < 0.001), el consumo de alcohol (rs = ‒0.272, p < 0.05) y de drogas (rs = ‒0.383, p < 0.01). Limitaciones: el número reducido de la muestra y el hecho de no incluir mujeres ni factores relacionados con el entorno, como la familia y la influencia de pares. Conclusiones: la inteligencia emocional y la motivación para cambiar se relacionan de forma inversa con el estrés, por lo que deben considerarse en el tratamiento contra la adicción al alcohol y a las drogas. De hecho, pueden coadyuvar a disminuir el estrés y en consecuencia influir en las decisiones para afrontar el problema.

Introduction. The consumption of psychoactive substances and aggression in adolescence, are two serious social problems, with repercussions at the health, school and family levels. Purpose. To study the relationship between aggression and substance use in adolescent population, and to analyze the differences in consumption between adolescents with low academic performance, family problems or behavioral problems. Method. A total of 1196 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years (50% female), from 23 educational centers, 10 university degree courses, and 18 specific juvenile centers, from Castile and Leon (Spain), participated. The Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) was used. Results. Substance use was mainly related to adolescent physical aggression and anger. Physical aggression increased progressively as the consumption of any substances rose. Anger was higher in all consumers, intensifying in the case of frequent alcohol binge-drinking. Hostility only correlated with tobacco and cannabis use. On the other hand, adolescents with low academic performance or family problems, smoked more tobacco and cannabis than the general group; adolescents with severe behavioral problems, reported more binge-drinking and higher levels of heavy cannabis and tobacco consumption. Conclusions. These results reinforce the importance of prevention, at the socio-educational and family level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposed to share the experiences of a project of social insertion and guarantee of rights for the homeless population with damages resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs of Palmas, Tocantins, between the years 2016 to 2019. The project Palmas Que Te Acolhe was constituted as an existential territory for the transformation of ways of being and living of people living on the streets and who suffer damages resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs, based on the paradigm of harm reduction, having as a strategy housing first and the offer of a package of rights: housing, food, access to network services, cultural, art and leisure activities and inclusion in income generation strategies. In order to capture photographs and descriptions of this territory, thirteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with workers and beneficiaries of the project and field diaries were created that narrate the course of the research. The Palmas Que Te Acolhe project inaugurated new ways of seeing and talking about the homeless population in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, to think about care alternatives that include the complexity of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: analizar la relación de la inteligencia emocional (IE) y el estrés percibido (EP) en un grupo de hombres consumidores de alcohol y drogas en comparación con un grupo de no consumidores. Método: diseño transversal de casos y controles. La muestra estuvo formada por 35 adultos dependientes a las drogas y 35 adultos sin problemas de consumo. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 61 años. La muestra fue recogida por medio de una selección intencional, no probabilística. Se utilizó el Inventario de Inteligencia Emocional (EQ-I) y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (CEP). Resultados: los datos muestran correlaciones significativas entre la IE y el EP en el último año (r = -.317, p < .01), así como diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos, siendo la IE inferior en los adultos del grupo consumo con alto EP (U=-3.918, p=.000). Conclusión: los hallazgos obtenidos sirven de base para la implementación de estrategias basadas en desarrollar habilidades de IE con la finalidad de disminuir el consumo de alcohol y drogas, fomentar la búsqueda y apego al tratamiento, así como la prevención de recaídas.

El estrés es uno de los principales factores de riesgo que pueden inducir al ser humano a desarrollar trastornos como la depresión, la ansiedad o el consumo de drogas. Una de las principales fuentes de estrés es la interacción social, que puede llevar a situaciones como el acoso escolar o laboral. En este artículo revisaremos la estrecha relación que existe entre la exposición a situaciones estresantes y el incremento en el consumo de la cocaína o el alcohol. Expondremos los principales resultados obtenidos con modelos animales ya que nos permiten estudiar los mecanismos cerebrales involucrados en el impacto del estrés sobre el consumo de drogas. Para concluir, detallaremos los principales mecanismos que explicarían el potente efecto que produce el estrés sobre el consumo de drogas.

This article presents an analysis of drug addiction in adolescence and the situation of this problem in Portugal. The agents of intervention for personal and social well-being are professionals in the social and health sector, so this is a relevant topic for Social Work. After a theoretical and legal framework on the subject, we started to analyze and reflect on secondary statistical data provided by SICAD and Eurostat, which would make it possible to present a synthesis of them. The data from this descriptive study indicate that even with the prohibition of the consumption of illicit drugs and the prohibition of the sale and consumption of tobacco and alcoholic beverages under the age of eighteen, in Portugal, the reality is not the desired one in our legal framework. In this way, it is important to change the situation and focus on prevention, taking advantage of the factors that protect young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Index.Comunicación is the property of Index.comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In general, attitudes and behaviours of parents may influence on the configuration of children’s habits. However, it is unclear what extent this influence could exist on important stages such as adolescence, in which their peers are the main reference and exercise a powerful modelling. For this reason, our study explores if certain behaviours and attitudes of parents are related to the consumption and/or attitudes of their children regarding alcohol and other drugs. A total of 331 adolescents (47.2% boys, 52.7% girls) with ages between 13 and 18 years old (M=14.8, SD=1.02) completed the CIACS-2 (Ballester y Gil, 2007). Half of the girls and 70% of the boys have been drunk, at least, once ( X ²=12.72, p=.005). In addition, approximately 25% of boys and girls disagree with the affirmation “I would not use any drug for perceiving fear of its effects”. In this context, positive parental attitudes towards alcohol consumption and their parents’ consumption are associated with the fact that adolescents have ever gotten drunk, consume alcohol on weekends and have positive attitudes towards it. Similarly, positive attitudes toward drugs among family members are related to adolescents’ underestimate of its adverse effects. The risk behaviours and attitudes of relatives seem to modulate, negatively, adolescents’ beliefs and behaviours. Therefore, and taking into account the role of parents as models, it seems essential to design more preventive strategies aimed at family responsible, as well as adolescents.

Occurring between high school and university, the transition from adolescence to adulthood is fraught with significant behavioral changes, including rising alcohol consumption. The intensity of research into this worldwide issue was assessed by identifying, through a bibliometric study, the factors most emphasized in published international contributions to research on the consumption of alcoholic beverages by university students. Articles addressing the intersection of alcohol descriptors and university students, published between 1977 and 2017, and indexed in nine databases, were scrutinized for the co-occurrence of relevant keywords and associations between subjects under study using UCINET and NETDRAW software, respectively. In doing so keywords related to two or more other terms cited in the articles (i.e., 191 of 1714) were identified. As a result, there was a gradual increase in articles related to alcohol consumption in the university context. From an average of 2.5 articles / year between 1977 and 2004 to 31 articles / year between 2005 and 2017.This study highlights the use of keywords such as alcohol, students, consumption and alcohol use. The co-occurrence of keywords such as binge (heavy use of alcohol for a fixed time, usually for more than a day) and drugs was also noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During adolescence, the frequency of family meals may play an important role in both counteracting risk behaviours (e.g., drugs and alcohol use, delinquency, etc.) and in promoting healthy life-styles. Objective. The aim of the present review is to chronologically order and discuss evidence supporting or disconfirming family mealtime's effectiveness against adolescents' risk behaviours. Method. The present work integrated two searchstrategies: scientific databanks strategies and retrospective research on sources. Inter-rater quality assessment was applied to obtain three clusters of literature; pioneering studies about nutritional habits, last decades' evidence, and challenges for future research. Results. Effectiveness of family mealtime in preventing adolescents' risk behaviours and in promoting healthy lifestyles and positive outcomes is discussed. Conclusions. Open theoretical and methodological questions emerged such as the lack of scientific consensus on how to measure the family mealtime frequency or the need to provide qualitative assessments about the family mealtime experience, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to risky behaviors, such as the use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs), which can lead to other disorders throughout life. As substance use has risen over the years, the integration of new perspectives into the culture of prevention and care in youth and the general population is important. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, spirituality and religion, and their role as protective factors of the psychoactive substance use in adolescents, analyzing additionally the differences in mindfulness and spirituality scores between substance and nonsubstance users, and between the different religious/spiritual groups. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 433 adolescent high school students between the ages of 14 and 19 were evaluated (Mean = 16.27 ± .91). Statistical correlation tests were performed to assess the relationship between variables, in addition to Student t-test and oneway ANOVA to explore differences in mindfulness and spirituality scores of substance and nonsubstance users, and between religious/spiritual groups, respectively. Finally, by means of a binary logistic regression analysis, the degree of prediction of psychoactive substance use was evaluated. Results: The sample reported higher consumption of psychoactive substances compared to the last national survey. Dispositional mindfulness was positively correlated with spirituality and religion, and inversely correlated with substance use, with mild to moderate strength. Additionally, individuals who used psychoactive substances had significantly lower mindfulness scores than those who had never used it at all, but no differences were found regarding spirituality scores. The scores in mindfulness and spirituality were significantly higher in those who formally belonged to a religion. Finally, belonging to a religion, followed by dispositional mindfulness were the best predictor variables as a protection factor for alcohol and drug consumption, while spirituality was not a variable that significantly contributed to the models and was therefore eliminated. Discussion or Conclusion: Dispositional mindfulness, spirituality, and religion are interrelated variables. Belonging to religion and dispositional mindfulness may be a better protective factor against substance use in adolescents than spirituality. Dispositional mindfulness was also greater in those who formally belonged to a religion. Finally, the psychoactive substance use could alter mindfulness-related abilities, but more research is needed to complement and clarify these results in the Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work analyzes the relationship between the suffering of stressful life events and the excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 136 women victims of gender violence in Nicaragua. The data was obtained from a heteroapplied structured interview designed for this purpose, which collects stressful life events suffered by the victims throughout their lives. The results show that those who suffered different episodes of violence since childhood consumed alcohol and drugs in excess. In addition, the greatest predictor for alcohol and drug use is among those who suffered sexual abuse before age 18. On the other hand, the Odds Ratio analyzes indicate an increased risk for the consumption of substances when the abuse occurred at an early age. Despite the relevance for the health of the victims, there are few devices in Nicaragua with which to assist victims of gender violence towards recovery processes, especially for those who have developed coping strategies related to excessive substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Odontología Vital is the property of Universidad Latina de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mexico is in 2018 in a conjuncture regarding to its drug policy; several events suggest the importance of studying the correspondence between the academic production of drugs and the mexican context. Objective. To identify and analize the academic production published from 2013 to 2018 in Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Redalyc; and compare the results with some contextual characteristics of Mexico. Topic development. A systematic search was carried out in the databases. Then, through a document analysis, the corpus of data was classified by population, places, drugs, topics, methodologies and author affiliation. By means of a relational analysis of the categories, tendencies were identified. Conclussions. Tendencies were compared with the Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017, the Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Adicciones 2016 report and other contextual characteristics of Mexico, such as the inminent legalization of cannabis. The results suggest the need of proposing topics that attend the inminent legalization of substances such as cannabis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Problems related to the consumption of psychoactive substances affect not only the individual's socioeconomic context, but it also has an impact on sleep, aggressiveness and risk behaviors. The present study analyzed, on the one hand, the differences between individuals who are dependent on drugs and alcohol on the quality of sleep, aggressiveness and risk behaviors. And, on the other hand, it identified the independent contribution of sociodemographic variables to alcohol and drug consumption. The sample consisted of 115 drug and alcohol dependent individuals belonging to several institutions in the Northern region of Portugal. The results showed that drug addicts had a lower level of sleep quality, a higher prevalence of STIs and have done HIV tests, and their positive results were more frequent compared to those who depended on alcohol. The analysis of the results also showed that, in this sample, being female and having lower literacy levels were significant predictors of alcohol consumption, with drug use predicted by younger age and higher literacy. The results revealed the need to implement and evaluate intervention programs at the dependency level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio tuvo por propósito determinar los factores que se asocian con el no consumo de drogas. Para ello se administró, además de una diversidad de instrumentos, una escala de resiliencia que permitió determinar factores de riesgo y de protectores en dos muestras seleccionadas intencionalmente en la Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM), con el fin de establecer si el no consumo de sustancias se asociaba con mayores o menores valores de resiliencia. La aplicación de modelos de regresión logística y análisis factorial permitieron establecer la ausencia de relaciones significativas entre niveles de resiliencia y la abstinencia o la ingestión de diversas drogas.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los patrones de consumo de drogas en sujetos recluidos en un establecimiento penitenciario de Lima. Es un estudio transversal descriptivo y la muestra estuvo conformada por 330 internos varones, de los cuales se pudo validar la información de 279 internos. La edad entre los internos vario desde los 18 a más de 65 años, siendo la edad de mayor prevalencia (31,2%) entre 31 a 40 años, el interno con menor edad tiene 18 años y el de mayor edad fue de 75 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario de opciones múltiples, adaptados para la presente investigación, la cual está dividida en cinco áreas: a) nivel educativo, b) estado civil, c) situación jurídica, d) delito y e) consumo de drogas. Asimismo se utilizó el cuestionario de uso de Drogas (DAST-20), cuya confiabilidad varía entre un 0,92 a 0,94. También se utilizó el cuestionario de Identificación de Trastornos por consumo de alcohol (AUDIT), cuyo nivel de confiabilidad se situaba por encima de 0,90. Entre las conclusiones más importantes destacan que las drogas de mayor prevalencia entre de las personas recluidas son el alcohol, tabaco, marihuana, clorhidrato de cocaína y pasta básica de cocaína, siendo estas mismas las de mayor consumo en los últimos 30 días. La edad, el grado de instrucción y el delito influyen significativamente en el consumo de drogas al interior del centro penitenciario.

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El deporte en la adolescencia se asocia a un estilo de vida saludable, asignándole diversos autores un efecto protector ante el consumo de alcohol. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar el consumo de alcohol y los factores asociados a éste, en los futbolistas de la categoría cadete de la provincia de Las Palmas. Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se estudió a 308 jugadores, determinados mediante muestreo por clúster, seleccionando una muestra aleatoria simple de 20 equipos. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue un cuestionario ad hoc. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos (SPSS 17.0 para Windows), empleándose para la comparación de proporciones el test de la χ2. El 56.2% de los jugadores reconoció beber actualmente. El 13.6% declaró haberlo hecho al menos cuatro días en los últimos 30 días, el 32.2% haberse emborrachado en los últimos 12 meses y el 39.9% haber ingerido tres o más vasos seguidos en los últimos 12 meses, práctica ésta última significativamente mayor entre los que jugaban en preferente (p

The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with drug (use) abstention (or drug non-use). For this purpose, in addition to a variety of instruments, it was administered a scale of resilience which identified risk and protective factors in two selected samples intentionally in the Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM), in order to establish if the substance was or not associated with higher or lower values of resilience. The use of logistic regression models and factor analysis allowed to establish the absence of significant relationships between levels of resilience and abstinence or ingestion of various drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to analyze migrant experiences in México and United States of America (USA) about emotions lived during the migration process along with alcohol and drugs consumption. It was an ethnographic study with depth interviews, 19 in Mexico and 19 in USA. The analysis was phenomenological. The participants pointed out negative and depressive emotions, in connection with different consume patterns of alcohol and drugs, along the migration phases.

Research on Domestic Violence (DV) shows the existence of violence towards men perpetrated by their partners. The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic literature review in order to research on the prevalence of this phenomenon and its associations with depression, anxiety and substance abuse. A survey was conducted using the Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMED and PsycINFO databases, where 101 complete articles were found fully available and free of charge. The articles were categorized according to the publishing year, the country, the quantity of authors, the methodological design, the participants, the kinds of violence, the gender orientation, the existence of intervention and the associated co-morbidities. The outcomes point to the preponderance of the international production highlighting the relationship of the violence with depressive symptoms, anxiety and drug abuse. Compared to violence towards women, the amount of publications approaching violence towards men is smaller, revealing the need of increasing the research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug consumption is one of the major public health problems worldwide, and in most cases, teens also commonly herald the onset of substance use and abuse. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to know about university students´ drug consumption as well as to determine the connecting factors between this aspect, physical activity (PA) practice and gender. For this purpose, a descriptive inferential analysis was done through a validated questionnaire answered by 366 students from University of Bío-Bío (Chile). The main results showed alcohol is the most consumed substance, tobacco is the most commonly abused substance and other drugs are least consumed by students. Gender differences were found, since substances consumption is more prevalent among men than women. Nevertheless, differences according to PA practice were not statistically significant. Therefore, in this case these results suggest there is no relationship between PA practice and the different unhealthy habits considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among drivers , as well as the association between recent alcohol and drug use and psychiatric diagnoses using telephone interviews. METHODS: Drivers (n = 1,134) included in a roadside survey from 25 Brazilian state capitals were given a breathalyzer test, and their saliva was tested for psychoactive drugs. A telephone interview was conducted to perform psychiatric disorder evaluations using the MINI. This association was analyzed with a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was 40.5% among drivers with recent alcohol or drug use, compared with 12.9% among the other drivers. Alcohol/drug-positive drivers reported a higher prevalence of depression (19.4%), mania (6.5%), hypomania (5.4%), post-traumatic stress disorder (8.6%), antisocial personality (7.8%), and substance/alcohol abuse or dependence (48.1%) compared with other drivers (3.5, 2.5, 2.1, 0.5, 1.3 and 18.3% [p < 0.001], respectively). Drivers with recent alcohol or drug use were 2.5 times more likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis (CI: 1.8-3.6, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: This is the first study in a low-/middle-income country to evaluate psychiatric disorders in drivers with recent alcohol or drug using telephone interviews. Psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with drug and alcohol use. This type of epidemiological information for curtailing related driving problems, as these psychiatric conditions are diagnosable. FINAL REMARKS: The results of this study can aid in the design of interventions, treatment programs and focused psychiatric evaluations, both in Brazil and abroad.INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo transversal avaliou a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos e a associação entre dirigir alcoolizado e transtornos psiquiátricos entre motoristas por meio de entrevistas telefônicas. MÉTODO: Motoristas (n = 1.134) selecionados a partir de um estudo realizado nas rodovias de 25 capitais brasileiras foram etilometrizados e tiveram sua saliva testada para substâncias psicoativas. Uma entrevista por telefone foi realizada para obter dados sobre transtornos psiquiátricos através do MINI. A associação entre transtornos psiquiátricos e dirigir com uso recente de substâncias foi analisada com um modelo de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos foi de 40,5% entre os motoristas que beberam/usaram drogas, em comparação com 12,9% nos demais motoristas. Motoristas que dirigiram com uso recente de substâncias relataram uma maior prevalência de depressão (19,4%), mania (6,5%), hipomania (5,4%), transtorno de estresse póstraumático (8,6%), personalidade antissocial (7,8%), e abuso ou dependência de álcool/drogas (48,1%) quando comparados com os outros motoristas (3,5%, 2,5%, 2,1%, 0,5%, 1,3% e 18,3%, p < 0,001), respectivamente). Motoristas com uso recente de substâncias apresentaram 2,5 mais chance de ter qualquer diagnóstico psiquiátrico (IC: 1,8-3,6, p < 0,001). DISCUSSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo em países de baixa e média renda cujo objetivo é avaliar transtornos psiquiátricos em motoristas com uso recente de substâncias por meio de entrevistas telefônicas. Transtornos psiquiátricos foram associados com o comportamento de dirigir com uso recente de substâncias. Este tipo de informação epidemiológica é fundamental para estratégias de planejamento que visam enfrentar problemas relacionados com o beber e dirigir, uma vez que estas condições psiquiátricas são diagnosticáveis. OBSERVAÇÕES FINAIS: Os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de intervenÇÕes, programas de tratamento e avaliação psiquiátrica, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior.

A psicanálise tem encarado um desafio marcante nos dias atuais: seu estabelecimento nas instituições de saúde pública no Brasil. Esse ensaio objetiva estabelecer um diálogo entre psicanálise e instituição, propondo um exame teórico sobre algumas possibilidades de trabalho em grupo apoiados nesta perspectiva teórica. Nossa intenção não é levantar questões de método da clínica psicanalítica, mas promover novas reflexões que possam contribuir para a mudança desse campo de conhecimento. Tomando os Centros Atenção Psicossocial Álcool/ Drogas (CAPSad) como ponto de partida, nós desenvolvemos nossos argumentos. Primeiro, nós apresentamos alguns dos significados/valores da palavra instituição, associando- os ao texto "Mal-estar na civilização" (Freud) e à abordagem psicanalítica à toxicomania (adicção a drogas). Após, nós introduzimos a noção de clínica ampliada com a intenção de articular a clínica psicanalítica à demanda institucional para o tratamento à toxicomania.

Objetivo: Establecer los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionados con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad del departamento del Atlántico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal; población diana: estudiantes de primero a octavo semestre de enfermería de una universidad del departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Fuente de información primaria, instrumento utilizado: encuesta de 37 preguntas validada. La información se procesó en el software SPSS, se tabuló en tablas de frecuencia y asociación, gráficas de barras y sectores, la información resumida se manejó en frecuencias relativas, medidas de tendencia central y se determinó significancia estadística mediante proporciones. Resultados: El 71,5% tiene conocimiento sobre la composición de las sustancias psicoactivas. El 45% está totalmente en desacuerdo con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas para relacionarse fácilmente con la gente. El 37,2% está totalmente en desacuerdo con consumir sustancias psicoactivas para divertirse. El 90,7% está de acuerdo con la inversión de recursos económicos en programas de rehabilitación, seguimiento de la población afectada por el consumo de drogas. El 55,5 % consumé alcohol, el 22,2% consume éxtasis y el 22,2 restante consume marihuana y bazuco. Conclusiones: Se encontró un balance negativo en cuanto al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes de enfermería, debido a que la gran mayoría ha consumido sustancias psicoactivas. Además de encontrarse deficiencia relacionada al conocimientos de las mismas, y en cuanto a las actitudes, se concluyó que la mayoría de los sujetos estudiados tiene actitudes favorables relacionadas con la legalización de las sustancias psicoactivas.

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência do consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre estudantes adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com amostra de conglomerados de 60.973 estudantes do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas das capitais dos estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal, em 2009. Foram analisadas as prevalências e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) do consumo de álcool e drogas. RESULTADOS: Para o conjunto dos alunos entrevistados, identificou-se o seguinte: experimentação de bebida alcoólica (71,4%; IC95% 70,8-72,0); consumo regular de álcool (27,3%; IC95% 26,7-28,0); embriaguez na vida (22,1%; IC95% 21,6-22,7); preocupação da família se chegasse bêbado em casa (93,8%; IC95% 93,3-94,2); problemas com uso de álcool (9,0%; IC95% 8,6-9,4) e experimentação de outras drogas (8,7%; IC95% 8,3-9,1). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstra a extensão do problema do uso de álcool e drogas entre adolescentes brasileiros, destacando a facilidade com que os jovens entrevistados tiveram acesso ao álcool em festas, bares, lojas e até em suas próprias casas.OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of alcohol and other drugs consumption, among adolescent students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with conglomerate samples of 60,973 students at freshman year high school in public and private schools in capitals and the Federal District in Brazil, in 2009. The 95% confidence interval and the prevalence of alcohol and drug consumption were analyzed. RESULTS: For the set of surveyed students, the following were identified: experimenting alcoholic beverages (71.4%; 95%CI 70.8-72.0); regular alcoholic beverage consumption (27.3%; 95%CI 26.7-28.0); drunkenness in lifetime (22.1%; 95%CI 21.6-22.7); family is worried when the student gets home drunk (93.8%; 95%CI 93.3-94.2); problems with alcohol use (9.0%; 95%CI 8.6-9.4); consumption of other drugs (8.7%; 95%CI 8.3-9.1). CONCLUSION: This study shows the extension of the alcohol and drugs problem among Brazilian adolescents, with special emphasis on the easy access of students to alcoholic beverages at parties, bars, stores, and at home.

O estudo avalia a associação entre o consumo de tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas e drogas ilícitas e os fatores de proteção familiar. Foram analisados dados referentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), em uma amostra de 60.973 escolares do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas das 26 capitais dos estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. A maioria dos adolescentes vive com o pai e a mãe e cerca de um terço reside em lares apenas com a presença da mãe. Metade dos pais ou responsáveis sabe o que os adolescentes fazem no tempo livre. Residir com ambos os pais tem efeito protetor nos hábitos de fumar, beber e usar drogas. Além disto, a supervisão familiar também é importante na prevenção destes hábitos. Práticas como fazer pelo menos uma refeição com pais ou responsáveis, na maioria dos dias da semana, e o fato de os pais ou responsáveis saberem o que os adolescentes fazem no tempo livre nos últimos 30 dias tem efeito protetor. Os alunos que faltam às aulas sem avisar aos pais têm maior chance de fumar, beber e experimentar drogas. O papel da família é essencial na prevenção de riscos, tais como: tabaco, álcool e drogas e na promoção à saúde dos adolescentes.This study evaluates the relation between the use of tobacco, alcoholic beverages and illicit drugs and family protective factors. Data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed in a sample of 60,973 students at the freshman year of high school, from public and private schools of Brazilian state capitals. Most adolescents lived with both their parents and about a third lived in households only with their mothers. Half the parents or responsible parties are aware of what adolescents do in their free time. Living with both parents is a protective factor for smoking, drinking, and drug use. Family supervision is also important for the prevention of such behavior. Sharing a meal with parents or responsible parties most days of the week and the fact that the parents know what the adolescents have done in their free time in the past 30 days are also protective factors. Students that miss classes without telling their parents have higher chances of using tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The family plays an essential role to prevent tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, and to promote health among teenagers.

Abusive alcohol consumption in adolescence is currently an important problem of public health, to the point that prevention has become a priority in health policies. Also, in the field of social intervention, the psychosocial factors involved in that consumption has been studied in the last years. In the present work a revision of those factors is carried out from the ecological perspective, in which psychological, relational and sociocultural variables are integrated. Alcohol consumption is analyzed as part of the youth culture, rejecting explanations of pathological or moralistic content, and following an approach in which alcohol consumption is understood as a mean used by the adolescent in order to achieve adjustment in a society characterized by complexity. First, individual dispositional variables are analysed; following this, variables from the family context are examined, and finally the relationship between alcohol consumption and factors of the sociocultural context are explored.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze substance abuse and health self-perception in children and adolescents from the province of Cádiz (Spain). Methodology: Participants were 738 students, 50.9 boys and 49.1% girls, from elementary school to high school (1st to 12th grade, mean age 12.2. years), who responded a Spanish adaptation of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children Inventory. Results: No difference was observed in percentage of boys and girls reporting to smoke or drink alcohol. Smoking and drinking habits increased with age, being higher in 11th and 12th grade students. Significant differences were observed among the percentage of smokers and non smokers recognizing to have parents, older brothers or friends who smoke. Rates of drug abuse were generally low, being cannabis the most frequently consumed illicit drug. Most respondents had a perception of excellent or good health, with no significant gender differences. About half of subjects considered that health exclusively depends on self behavior, but an important percentage also gave a relevant role to luck. Stomach-ache was the most frequent physical complaint, followed by headache. Psychological complaints mainly corresponded to nervousness and bad temper. Only a small percentage of subjects declared the use of medicines or tablets without prescription. No significant difference in the percentage of respondent who perceived an excellent or good health was observed among substance users and non users. Conclusions: Substance abuse and health self-perception in children and adolescents are the result of the interaction of a complex series of individual and social factors. Activities aimed to improve health focusing on partial aspects of adolescents' lifestyle most probably will have limited results, and global programs are required.Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio ha sido analizar el uso de sustancias tóxicas y la autopercepción del estado de salud en niños y adolescentes de la provincia de Cádiz. Metodología: Participaron 738 alumnos, 50.9% de chicos y 49.1% de chicas, que cursaban educación primaria y secundaria (desde 1º educación primaria a 2º de bachillerato, edad media 12,2 años), a los que se aplicó la versión española del Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en el porcentaje de chicos y chicas que fumaban o bebían alcohol. Los hábitos de consumo de tabaco y alcohol se incrementaban con la edad, alcanzando sus máximos valores en los alumnos de bachillerato. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de fumadores y no fumadores que reconocían el tener padres, hermanos mayores o amigos que fumaban. El consumo de drogas ilegales era generalmente reducido, predominando la utilización del cannabis. La mayoría de los sujetos tenían una percepción de su salud como excelente o buena. En torno a la mitad de los encuestados consideraban que la salud depende exclusivamente del propio comportamiento, aunque una parte importante también le otorgaba un papel relevante a la suerte. El dolor de estómago era el síntoma físico más frecuente, seguido del dolor de cabeza. Entre los síntomas psicológicos predominaban el nerviosismo y el estar irritado o enfadado. Solo un pequeño porcentaje declaraba consumir medicamentos o píldoras no prescritos. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de los que reconocían una salud excelente o buena entre los usuarios y no usuarios de sustancias tóxicas. Conclusiones: El abuso de sustancias tóxicas y la auto-percepción del estado de salud en niños y adolescentes es el resultado de la interacción de una compleja serie de factores individuales y sociales. Las actividades diseñadas para la mejora de la salud centradas en aspectos parciales del estilo de vida tendrán probablemente resultados limitados, requiriéndose el desarrollo de programas globales.

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol en el ámbito laboral constituye un problema de gran prevalencia y con amplias repercusiones sociales, económicas y médico-legales, que está adquiriendo una importancia creciente en nuestra sociedad. Objetivo: Identificación precoz de bebedores de riesgo en los empleados públicos de la provincia de Cádiz. Material y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal sobre las características epidemiológicas y laborales de los niveles de consumo de alcohol de 556 trabajadores que acudieron al área de Vigilancia de la Salud, del Centro de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de la provincia de Cádiz. Se recogieron datos socio-demográficos a través de un formulario semiestructurado. Se administraron los cuestionarios AUDIT, GHQ 28, ISCA y se determinaron los parámetros bioquímicos: GGT, GOT, GPT y VCM. Se realiza estadística descriptiva expresada como media y desviación típica para variables cuantitativas y porcentajes para las cualitativas. En el análisis univariante se ha utilizado como estadístico de contraste Chi-cuadrado y correlación de Pearson. Se ha considerado como significación estadística un valor de p35.El 22.5% presentan un GHQ 28≥6, siendo en su mayoría mujeres. En el ISCA se observaron 9 varones y 9 mujeres con un consumo de riesgo. La correlación más significativa fue la obtenida entre ISCA-AUDIT con r=0.63 con p=0.01. Conclusiones: El 81% de los trabajadores valorados en este estudio son bebedores de bajo riesgo y un 7% son de alto riesgo según manifiesta el cuestionario AUDIT. Por lo que se deberían de establecer estrategias específicas, encaminadas a identificar y prevenir problemas relacionados con el alcohol en el mundo laboral.Introduction: The consumption of alcohol in a working environment is an extremely prevalent, problem with serious social, economic and medical/legal repercussions which is becoming increasingly important in our society. Aim: The early identification of drinkers at risk in public employment in the Cádiz Province. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, transversal study of the epidemiological and working characteristics of the alcohol consumption levels of 556 workers who attended the Health Screening Department of the Cádiz Province Work-Related Risk Prevention Centre. Social-demographic data was collected using a semi-structured format. The AUDIT, GHQ 28, ISCA questionnaires were applied and the GGT, GOT, GPT and VCM biochemical parameters were determined. Descriptive statistics were carried out and expressed as the mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables and as percentages for the qualitative ones. Chi squared and Pearson's correlation were used as contrast statistics in the univariant analysis. A value of p35. 22.5% presented a GHQ 28≥6, most of them being women. In ISCA, 9 men and 9 women were observed to have risk level consumption. The most significant correlation was that obtained between ISCA-AUDIT with r=0.63 and with p=0.01. Conclusions: 81% of the workers included in this study were low risk drinkers and 7% were high risk according to the AUDIT questionnaire. This leads us to suggest that specific strategies should be established aimed at identifying and preventing alcohol-related problems in the workplace.

Our research’s aim consists on studying the relationship between early beginning of tobacco, alcohol and drugs taking, and problematic consumption, in a sample of 6280 young people from Madrid in a range of 15-24 years old. The early experimentation with tobacco, alcohol (before 14 years old) or cannabis (before 15 years old) is related to a higher prevalence of daily tobacco and cannabis consumption, to a daily alcohol-abusive patterns and to either regular multiple-drugs consumption or concurrent consumption of 2 or more drugs in the last month. It has been found too an association with negative consequences caused by alcohol and drugs consumption in economic, academic, and family life. This research reveals that the strength of these kinds of associations increases with the number of consumed substances very early. In fact, that happens in almost all the analyzed associations, and this is the reason of our suggestion of including an analysis of recocious starting of gathered consumptions in future researches.