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Introduction and aims: Gastric adenocarcinoma is among the high-ranking tumors, with respect to frequency and mortality, worldwide. The inflammatory process and immune system activity are associated with oncologic control. Our aim was to identify whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other variables are prognostic factors for survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer in a Mexican population. Material and methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, hospitalized within the time frame of December 2011 to 2021, were analyzed. The NLR, PLR, and albumin and hemoglobin levels obtained from blood samples were calculated. Functional status (ECOG and Karnofsky), sex, histology, and the presence of signet ring cells were also considered possible prognostic factors. Each factor’s prognostic value for overall survival was determined through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The study included 956 patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer, of whom 494 (51.7%) were men and 462 (48.3%) were women. The main histologic finding was diffuse adenocarcinoma (n = 619, 64.7%), followed by intestinal adenocarcinoma (n = 293, 30.6%), and the presence of signet ring cells was found in 659 (68.9%) patients. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed on 238 patients (24.9%) to confirm peritoneal carcinomatosis. The multivariate analysis showed that an NLR above 3.2 (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.27–1.8; p

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da Unipar is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroindustria, Sociedad y Ambiente is the property of Revista Cientifica Agroindustria, Sociedad y Ambiente, ASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: C-reactive protein/albumin (CAR) and albumin/fibrinogen (AFR) ratios are novel biomarkers of inflammation that indicate activity status, severity, and response to treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the potential value of these ratios in differentiating SLE patients from healthy individuals has not been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the value of CAR and AFR as potential biomarkers for differentiation of SLE. Material and methods: Analytical case-control study, performed in a SLE group (n=71) and a control group (n=50). Clinical, inflammatory and cardiometabolic parameters with possible diagnostic value (CAR and AFR) were quantified. The diagnostic threshold was estimated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for each ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The diagnostic thresholds for AFR and CAR were 13.6 and 0.016, respectively. Sensitivity was 53.53% for AFR and 100% for CAR. The specificity was 98% for AFR and 100% for CAR. The ROC curve showed that CAR had a higher area under the curve (AUC) (AUC=1) compared to AFR (AUC=0.76) statistically significant (p<0.001), according to the AUC values, AFR was considered a favorable biomarker and CAR was considered an excellent biomarker to differentiate SLE. Conclusions: CAR is a biomarker with great potential, low cost and easy to measure, which could improve the sensitivity and specificity to diagnose SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome with associated primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare entity in pediatrics. It presents with edema due to hypoproteinemia, and in some cases with ascites. The objective is to present a clinical case whose diagnosis was certified by intestinal esdoscopy and biopsy. For refractary ascities, the treatment was surgical, performing peritoneal venous bypass. The anesthetic management of this type of patients has been described in limited reports, so in the present case we emphasize supportive therapy with albumin infusion as the proposed symptomatic treatment for patients with massive drainage of ascities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL is the property of Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão sistemática sobre os efeitos da suplementação de whey proteins nos biomarcadores hepáticos Alanina Aminotransferase, Aspartato Aminotransferase, Glicose, Bilirrubina, Fosfatase Alcalina, Gama Glutamiltransferase, Albumina e Proteínas totais em ratos e camundongos. Materiais e métodos: Revisão Sistemática, com as palavras de busca whey proteins; Alanina Aminotransferase, Aspartato Aminotransferase, Glicose, Bilirrubina, Fosfatase Alcalina, Gama Glutamiltransferase, Albumina e Proteínas totais nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde. o portal de Periódicos Capes; Lilacs; Scielo.org; Scielo.br; Dialnet; Redib; Medline. Resultados: de 222 artigos elegíveis utilizou-se 16 após critérios de exclusão. Discussão: em síntese, foi possível observar estudos com suplementação de Whey Proteins em que analisaram os biomarcadores alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, glicose, bilirrubina, fosfatase alcalina, gama glutamiltransferase, albumina e proteínas totais, detalhando os modelos dos estudos em procedimentos experimentais com ratos. Conclusão: Em conclusão, os dados deste estudo sugerem que as dosagens de suplementação variam entre 0,15g a 40g/kg de Whey proteins, sendo que de 0,15 a 20g/kg não ocorre alterações em parâmetros bioquímicos relacionados ao dano hepático.

El objetivo fue comparar los efectos de selenito de sodio (SS) y Sel-Plex® (SP) en el consumo de materia seca (CMS), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), conversión alimenticia (CA), rendimiento de canales, Se en suero, músculos, albúmina, y globulinas en corderos Pelibuey. Cincuenta animales (PV=23.0 ± 1.1 kg; de 5 a 6 meses) se estratificaron y aleatoriamente asignaron a uno de cinco tratamientos (n=10): 1) Dieta basal, C); 2) C + 0.30 mg kg-1 MS de SS, 30SS; 3) C + 0.90 mg kg-1 MS de SS, 90SS; 4) C + 0.30 mg kg-1 MS de SP, 30SP; y 5) C + 0.90 mg kg-1 MS de SP, 90SP. No hubo efectos (P>0.05) en CMS; mientras que 90SP y 30SS mostraron GDP mayores (293 y 260 vs 245, 243, y 230 g día-1; P0.05). En Longissimus dorsi, 30SP incrementó (P0.05) en Gluteus maximus y Musculus deltoideus. La albúmina fue mayor con 30SP y 90SS; mientras que α-globulina fue mayor con 30SS y 90SP. En conclusión, 0.90 mg de SP mejoró la GDP y CA. Selenito y SP aumentaron el Se en suero hasta 0.30, y disminuyó con 0.90 mg por kilo de SP. En Longissimus dorsi, el Se se mejoró en 30SP con respecto 90SP y el C y no fue similar a 90SS y 30SS. El Se orgánico de 90SP mejoró el nivel de albúmina y α-globulinas.

A variety of laboratory tests are used in the evaluation of the hepatic patients. Serum cholinesterase is reduced in liver disfunction in contrast with other enzymes. The aim of this study was to assess the value of serum cholinesterase in evaluation of the liver reserve function in cirrhotic patients. A total of 70 patients were divided into 3 groups according to the Child-Pugh Score. Using corelation analysis, the correlation between serum cholinesterase and albumin and serum plasma prothrombin time was analysed. Cirrhotic patients were grouped into A, B and C grades as per Child-Pugh score. The results showed that cholinesterase levels tend to decrease according to the Child-Pugh score. The cholinesterase correlated with the albumin serum levels, value of Child-Pugh score and MELD-Na score and didn't corelate to INR. In conclusion, correlated with the damage severity of the liver cells cholinesterase may respond to liver reserve function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research work was to evaluate the physical quality and freshness of the Japanese quail egg (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during a given storage period, at room temperature. It was developed at the Center for Research, Postgraduate and Amazon Conservation (CIPCA) in experimental sheds of the poultry program 500 eggs were analyzed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of storage at room temperature, considering 100 eggs for each treatment. The indicators that were measured were: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and egg weight, albumen diameter and height, yolk diameter and height, shell thickness, shape index, shell index and yolk index and Haugh units. A Completely Randomized experimental design (DCA) was used and the data was processed with the statistical package SPSS version 21. It was observed that the Haugh Units reported values that categorize eggs with excellent quality on days 0 and 5 with values of 95.63 and 89.13, with respect to the shape index, shell index, as well as longitudinal and transverse diameters of the egg, which did not present significant differences (p<0.001) between 0 and 20 days of conservation at room temperature. It is concluded that the physical qualities and freshness characteristics are acceptable up to 15 days of storage, when it was shown that the eggs maintained an acceptable quality to be used for commercial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous reports have shown very high mortality among hemodialyisis patients. Our goal was to analyze the mortality of patients in the Renal Registry of Patients who remained exclusively on hemodialysis treatment. Methods: The cohort of patients who started treatment in the community of Castilla-La Mancha between 2010 and 2012 and remained on hemodialysis treatment was analysed until the end of 2017. Age, sex, primary kidney disease, vascular access, hemoglobin, Charlson index and serum albumin were included. Results: Mortality rate was 63,4% after 5 years and 76% at the end of the study, with no difference between males and females, and was linked to an older age, urgent onset or in those with acute deterioration of chronic kidney disease, the use of catheters or albumin less than 3.5 g/dl. Conclusions: Mortality in patients who remain on hemodialysis is very high and is associated with non-modifiable factors such as age but also others that we can prevent or treat such as type of vascular access or nutrition status at the beginning of treatment. Resumen: Introducción: Estudios previos han demostrado una elevada mortalidad de los pacientes en tratamiento con hemodiálisis aunque en pocos de ellos se analiza la supervivencia de los que reciben exclusivamente este tratamiento. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la mortalidad de los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con hemodiálisis. Métodos: Se analizó la cohorte de pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento sustitutivo entre los años 2010 y 2012 en la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha y permanecieron en tratamiento con hemodiálisis. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, enfermedad renal primaria, acceso vascular, hemoglobina, índice de Charlson y albúmina sérica al comienzo del tratamiento y se realizó un seguimiento hasta final de 2017. Resultados: La mortalidad fue del 63,4% a los 5 años y del 76% al final del periodo de seguimiento, sin diferencias entre varones y mujeres, y se relacionó con una mayor edad, el comienzo urgente o en aquellos con enfermedad renal reagudizada, la utilización de catéteres o una albúmina inferior a 3,5 g/dl. Conclusiones: La mortalidad en los pacientes que permanecen en diálisis es muy elevada y se asocia a factores no modificables como la edad pero también a otros que podemos prevenir o tratar como el tipo de acceso vascular o el estado de nutrición al comienzo del tratamiento.

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the biomarkers: total proteins, albumin in dialysis fluid, serum albumin and uric acid in patients with peritonitis associated with dialysis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control, observational, analytical, cross-sectional, recuenretrospective, retrolective study that included patients with peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis, from 2018 to 2020. χ² and odds ratio (OR) were used, as well as Pearson's correlation for the variables total proteins, serum albumin, peritoneal albumin and uric acid. RESULTS: A population of 60 subjects was studied. A decreased total serum protein was observed with a correlation of 0.792, OR 2.5 higher (p = 0.01). A low serum albumin with a correlation of 0.751, OR 1.7 higher (p = 0.025). Low peritoneal albumin has a correlation of 0.751, OR 2 higher (p = 0.021), with uric acid under a correlation of 0.832, OR 4.3 higher (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to identify a statistically significant correlation among the biomarkers total proteins, albumin and uric acid with peritonitis associated with dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 KDIGO in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: type-2 diabetes (T2DM) seems to worsen the prognosis of patients admitted for COVID-19, although most studies included Asiatic patients. We aimed to assess whether this condition applies for Mediterranean patients. Methods: a total of 90 patients admitted for COVID-19 with T2DM were retrospectively compared with 50 patients without T2DM. Results: subjects with T2DM were older than their counterparts (73.3 ± 12.4 vs 53 ± 15.7 years; p < 0.0001). Either absolute lymphocyte count (1.1 ± 0.6 vs 1.3 ± 0.7 x 109/L; p = 0.005) or hemoglobin (11.9 ± 1.6 vs 13.1 ± 2.1 g/dL; p < 0.0001) were lower among subjects with T2DM. CRP and procalcitonin were higher among subjects with T2DM (91.9 ± 71.2 vs 70.1 ± 63.3 mg/L; p = 0.002 and 0.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/mL; p < 0.0001, respectively). Albumin was lower among patients with T2DM (3.4 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.5 g/L: p < 0.001). Length of stay was longer among subjects with T2DM (11.7 ± 7.7 vs 9.7 ± 8.6 days; p = 0.01). However, both groups were comparable regarding both the proportion of subjects who were admitted to the ICU (16.5 % vs 8 %; p = 0.1) and mortality (11 % vs 4 %; p = 0.2). Conclusions: in a Mediterranean sample, despite of age, comorbidities, nutritional status, and inflammatory markers, subjects with T2DM with a proper glycemic control admitted for COVID-19 had similar prognostic outcomes than patients without this metabolic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aims to determine the behavior of some biochemical indicators in the urine of female sabre athletes, of juvenile age, after a training session, among which pH (reaction), glucose, albumin and one of the three ketone bodies (acetone) stand out. The sample was represented by seven female sabre athletes, belonging to the provincial fencing academy, youth category, with an average age of 16 years and two years of experience. The statistic used for comparisons was the mean. The determination of pH, quantitatively in urine, was through pH paper. Glucose was determined by the Benedict's reagent method. Albumin was determined in urine, through the sulfosalicylic acid method. In addition, acetone was determined by Imbert's method. The motivation for the research is due to the incorporation of the female sabre in contemporary fencing, which studies the characteristics and performance of the female sex in the sabre, a very fast and strong weapon. The results show how the load applied during a training session of a selected microcycle of the special preparation caused variations in most of the indicators, demonstrating the appearance of a state of acidosis in the urine, as a consequence of the work performed. The usefulness of the determination of albumin to characterize the intensity of the physical load was also confirmed.

Hypomagnesaemia in haemodialysis (HD) is associated with increased mortality risk: its relationship with dialysis fluid (DF). Introduction: Low concentrations of magnesium (Mg) in blood have been linked to the development of diabetes, hypertension, arrhythmias, vascular calcifications and an increased risk of death in the general population and in haemodialysis patients. The composition of the dialysis fluid in terms of its magnesium concentration is one of the main determinants of magnesium in haemodialysis patients. Objective: To study magnesium concentrations in haemodialysis patients, their predictive mortality rate and what factors are associated with hypomagnesaemia and mortality in haemodialysis. Methods: Retrospective study of a cohort of prevalent haemodialysis patients followed up for two years. Serum magnesium was measured every six months. The analysis used the initial and average magnesium values for each patient, comparing patients with magnesium below the mean (2.1 mg/dl) with those with magnesium above the mean. During the follow-up, three types of dialysis fluid were used: type 1, magnesium 0.5 mmol/l; type 3, magnesium 0.37 mmol/l (both with acetate); and type 2, magnesium 0.5 mmol/l with citrate. Results: We included 137 haemodialysis patients in the study, of which 72 were male and 65 were female, with a mean age of 67 (15) [26–95] years old. Of this group, 57 patients were diabetic, 70 were on online haemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) and 67 were on high-flow haemodialysis (HF-HD). The mean magnesium of the 93 patients with dialysis fluid type 1 was 2.18 (0.37) mg/dl. In the 27 patients with dialysis fluid type 3 it was 2.02 (0.42) mg/dl. And in the 17 with dialysis fluid type 2 it was 1.84 (0.24) mg/dl (p = 0.01). There was a pronounced direct relationship between Mg and P and albumin. After a mean follow-up of 16.6 (8.9) [3–24] months, 77 remained active, 24 had died and 36 had been transplanted or transferred. Patients with magnesium above than 2.1 mg/dl had a longer survival (p = 0.008). The survival of patients with the three types of dialysis fluid did not differ significantly (Log-Rank, p = 0.424). Corrected for blood magnesium, patients with dialysis fluid with citrate have better survival (p = 0.009). The COX regression analysis shows how age, serum albumin, magnesium, dialysis technique and type of dialysis fluid have an independent predictive mortality rate. Conclusions: Low serum magnesium levels have a greater association with an increased risk of mortality compared to high levels. The type of dialysis fluid affects the magnesium concentration and the risk of death. Resumen: La hipomagnesemia en hemodiálisis (HD) se asocia a mayor riesgo de mortalidad: su relación con el líquido de diálisis (LD). Introducción: Concentraciones bajas de magnesio (Mg) en sangre se han relacionado con el desarrollo de diabetes, hipertensión arterial, arritmias, calcificaciones vasculares y con mayor riesgo de muerte, en población general y en hemodiálisis. La composición del LD y su concentración de Mg es uno de los principales determinantes de la magnesemia en los pacientes en HD. Objetivo: Estudiar las concentraciones de magnesio en los pacientes en HD, su valor predictivo de mortalidad y qué factores se asocian a la hipomagnesemia y mortalidad en HD. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes prevalentes en HD seguidos 2 años. Cada 6 meses se determina el Mg sérico. En el análisis se utiliza el Mg inicial y el medio de cada paciente, comparando los pacientes con Mg por debajo de la media, 2,1 mg/dl, con los que están por encima. Durante el seguimiento se han utilizado 3 tipos de LD: tipo 1, magnesio de 0,5 mmol/l y tipo 3, Mg 0,37 mmol/l ambos con acetato y tipo 2, 0,5 mmol/l de Mg con citrato. Resultados: Se han incluido en el estudio 137 pacientes en hemodiálisis, 72 hombres y 65 mujeres, con una edad media de 67(15) [26–95] años. 57 pacientes eran diabéticos y 70 pacientes estaban en hemodiafiltración en línea (HDF-OL) y 67 en hemodiálisis de alto flujo (HD-HF). El Mg medio de los 93 pacientes con LD tipo 1 era: 2,18(0,37)mg/dl, en 27 con el tipo 3: 2,02 (0,42)mg/dl y los 17 con tipo 2: 1,84 (0,24)mg/dl (p = 0,01). El Mg se relaciona de forma directa significativa con el P y con la albumina. Después de un seguimiento medio de 16,6(8,9)[3–24] meses, 77 seguían activos, 24 habían fallecido y 36 se habían trasplantado o trasladado. Los pacientes con un Mg superior a 2,1 mg/dl tienen una supervivencia mayor, p = 0,008. La supervivencia de los pacientes con los tres tipos de LD no difería significativamente, Log-Rank, p = 0,424. Corregido por la magnesemia, los pacientes con LD con citrato tienen mejor supervivencia, p = 0,009. En el análisis de regresión de COX se observa como la edad, albumina sérica, Mg, técnica de diálisis y tipo de LD tienen valor predictivo de mortalidad independiente. Conclusiones: Los magnesios séricos bajos respecto a los altos se asocian a mayor riesgo de mortalidad. El tipo de LD influye en la concentración de Mg y en el riesgo de muerte.

The presence of albuminuria has long been recognized as an adverse prognostic feature in patients with renal disease. Those patients with appreciable albuminuria are much more likely to develop tubulointerstitial scarring and fibrosis and progress to end-stage renal failure. For many years it was thought that excess albuminuria was simply a marker of a more severe renal disease which was more likely to progress as a result of this severity rather than as a result of the albuminuria itself. This conviction was strengthened by the general assumption that albumin was a benign or inert molecule serving primarily to exert oncotic pressure and act as a carrier within the circulation. More recently this view has been challenged with the accumulation of evidence suggesting that albumin is able to influence the function of cells with which it makes contact in the manner of a signaling molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is a global health problem. Cancer surgery plays important roles in cancer therapy and complications are, to a greater or lesser extent, inherent to it. Pretreatment albumin levels have been shown to have prognostic value in cancer patients; but the relationship between hypoalbuminemia and postoperative complications in patients with head and neck cancer is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between postoperative complications and hypoalbuminemia in patients with head and neck cancer. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample of 133 cases, the variables were used: age, sex, hypoalbuminemia, complications and type of complications. Fisher's exact test and its exact significance were used, with a confidence level of 95 %. For the prognostic analysis of the relationship between complications and hypoalbuminemia, the absolute risk was calculated with the odds ratio. Results: 54,8 % corresponded to the group over 60 years old, 75,9 % to the male sex, 20,3 % of the cases had hypoalbuminemia and only 19,5 % presented complications. The absolute risk of complications in patients with hypoalbuminemia was 1312,5. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia is a poor prognostic factor for the appearance of postoperative complications in patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective: To carry out a systematic review on the effects of whey protein supplementation on hepatic biomarkers Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Glucose, Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Gamma Glutamyltransferase, Albumin and Total Proteins in rats and mice. Materials and methods: Systematic Review, with the search words whey proteins; Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Glucose, Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Gamma Glutamyltransferase, Albumin and Total Proteins in Health Sciences Descriptors. the Capes Journal portal; Lilacs; Scielo.org; Scielo.br; dialnet; Redib; Medline. Results: of 222 eligible articles, 16 were used after exclusion criteria. Discussion: in summary, it was possible to observe studies with Whey Protein supplementation in which the biomarkers alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, albumin and total proteins were analyzed, detailing the models of the studies in experimentais procedures with rats. Conclusion: In conclusion, the data from this study suggest that supplementation dosages range from 0.15g to 40g/kg of Whey proteins, and from 0.15 to 20g/kg there are no changes in biochemical parameters related to liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Posttraumatic metabolic disorders, including surgeries, generate a large energy expenditure in humans. They may lead to hypermetabolism, hypercatabolism, and hyperglycaemia, resulting in a severe condition of patients, which may require intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The basic feature of the catabolism phase is the breakdown of muscle protein, due to which patients require urgent nutritional intervention. The necessity for nutritional support is assessed, among others, by measuring the level of protein and albumin. Aim of the research: To evaluate the level of total protein and albumin as indicators of metabolic disorders in patients after surgical procedures due to craniocerebral injuries and cerebrovascular diseases, in order to confirm the need for nutritional treatment. Material and methods: The study included 152 patients treated in the ICU, aged between 19 and 89 years. Seventy-one subjects were diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease (Group I) and 81 with cranial and cerebral trauma (Group II) and were after neurosurgery. Retrospective analysis of documentation and laboratory results was employed to assess the level of total protein and albumin on the day of admission to the ICU. Results: Low levels of albumin were found in both groups (Group I: 75%, Group II: 76%) and of total protein (Group I: 69%, Group II: 71%), which indicated different degrees of malnutrition in the patients. On the day of admission, Group I showed higher albumin levels (p = 0.039) compared with Group II. Conclusions: Low levels of albumin in both study groups indicate an intensified catabolic reaction of the body associated with extensive trauma and the need for nutritional treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Oxidative stress is associated with the presence of chronic diseases and triggers dermatological disorders in dogs. Ozonated sunflower oil (AGO, acronym in Spanish) with germicidal, antiinflammatory and stimulator of antioxidant systems actions, demonstrated in different experimental studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the topical administration of different doses of AGO on the lipid profile, protein and oxidative stress indicators for 90 days in dogs. 30 animals were selected and divided into four treatment groups; a vehicle with sunflower oil (AG) and three groups with low, medium and high doses (4, 20 and 100 mg / kg, respectively) of AGO. The treatments were applied for 90 days. Blood samples were taken to obtain plasma, at the beginning and at the end of the study. The variables analyzed were; albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl groups and catalase). The results show that the applications of AGO did not modify the content of proteins or lipids in the plasma. The lipid peroxidation levels were reduced with the treatment dose of 100 mg / kg of AGO, while the catalase activity was increased after 90 days of treatment for all the doses of AGO evaluated. It is concluded that AGO applied topically for 90 days in dogs did not systemically influence the metabolism of lipids and proteins, but did increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of PODIUM- Revista de Ciencia y Tecnologia en la Cultura Física is the property of Universidad de Pinar del Rio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: There is a great incidence of fractures in patients suffering from end-stage chronic disease. This is partly caused by chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and partly by the high prevalence of muscle weakness in these patients. Objective: Our objective was to identify the determining factors of muscle strength measured by means of handgrip strength (HGS) in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients in a hemodialysis center. Handgrip strength (HGS) and lean mass index (LMI) were measured, as well as albumin and magnesium values and other serological parameters. Multiple linear regression was used to assess HGS predictors. Results: We analyzed 139 patients (88 men and 51 women; age: 60.7 ± 16); 18 subjects were excluded. Mean albumin values: 3.8 +/- 0.47 mg/dL; median hemodialysis time: 37 months (15-83). From the total number of patients, 25% (n=35) were found to be sarcopenic and 21.5% (n=30) had a history of diabetes. The univariate analysis showed a positive correlation between magnesium and HGS (ß 0.19 p 0.02). According to the multivariate analysis, all the following showed a correlation with HGS and were statistically significant: (R2 0.61 p

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic noncommunicable diseases in the world, the fourth or fifth cause of death in most high-income countries. The World Health Organization reported in 2014 a prevalence of 422 million diabetics worldwide. Objective: to assess the effect of vitamin E on endogenous nucleophilic antioxidants in a biomodel of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were used in four groups of 10 rats each: non-diabetic control, diabetic control, and two diabetic groups that received supplementation with doses of 25 and 50 mg / kg / day of vitamin E, respectively. Serum values of glucose, albumin, uric acid and total bilirubin were determined in all animals at 15-day intervals for one month. The U-tests of Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon with a significance level of 5% were used to compare the central values of the biochemical variables between the groups of rats. Results: with vitamin E supplementation in diabetic rats, no variation of serum albumin was found (median in g / L 36,70 and 36,40), while uric acid (median in mmol / L 76, 50 and 187.5) and BT (median in mmol / L 2.90 and 5.00) decreased significantly, regardless of the antioxidant dose. The reduction of uric acid was faster and at a lower dose than BT. Conclusions: supplementation with vitamin E in the experimental model of diabetes mellitus, reduces serum levels of nucleophilic antioxidants, which at high concentrations represent a risk of morbid processes associated with tissue damage.

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Optimizar el radiomarcaje con 99mTc y 67Ga de nanopartículas de albúmina recubiertas con 4 polímeros sintéticos distintos y evaluar su estabilidad in vivo e in vitro, así como su biodistribución in vivo tras su administración intravenosa. Las nanopartículas se prepararon empleando albúmina y albúmina modificada con NOTA mediante el método de desolvatación y se recubrieron con 4 polímeros distintos; HPMC, GMN2, GPM2 y GTM2. Se purificaron, liofilizaron y caracterizaron. El marcaje con 99mTc se realizó con 74 MBq de pertecnetato 99mTc] sódico previamente reducido con una disolución ácida de cloruro de estaño a diferentes concentraciones (0,003; 0,005; 0,007; 0,01; 0,05 y 0,1 mg/ml), a distintos tiempos (5, 10, 15, 30 y 60 min) y temperaturas (temperatura ambiente, 40 °C y 60 °C). El marcaje con 67Ga se llevó a cabo mediante incubación de las nanopartículas con 37 MBq de cloruro de 67Ga (obtenido a partir de citrato de 67Ga comercial) a distintos tiempos (10 y 30 min) y temperaturas (temperatura ambiente, 30 °C y 60 °C) y posterior purificación con microconcentradores. La pureza radioquímica de ambos marcajes se evaluó mediante TLC. Se llevaron a cabo estudios de estabilidad de las nanopartículas marcadas en suero fisiológico y plasma sanguíneo. Los estudios de biodistribución de las nanopartículas recubiertas con el polímero GPM2 se llevaron a cabo en ratas Wistar tras la administración intravenosa de las nanopartículas. Se realizaron animales control con pertecnetato 99mTc] sódico y cloruro de 67Ga. Posteriormente, los animales fueron sacrificados y se midió la actividad de los órganos en un contador gamma. El marcaje con 99mTc se llevó a cabo de forma óptima con una concentración de estaño de 0,007 mg/ml para las nanopartículas GPM2 y de 0,005 mg/ml para el resto de formulaciones, con un tiempo de marcaje de 10 min y a temperatura ambiente. En el caso del 67Ga el marcaje se optimizó a 30 °C de temperatura y 30 min de incubación. En ambos casos, la pureza radioquímica obtenida fue superior al 97%. Las nanopartículas presentaron una elevada estabilidad in vitro pasadas las 48 h del marcaje (70% las nanopartículas marcadas con 99mTc y 90% las marcadas con 67Ga). Los estudios de biodistribución de las nanopartículas 99mTc]-GPM2 y 67Ga]-NOTA-GPM2 mostraron una elevada acumulación de actividad en el hígado tanto a las 2 h como a las 24 h de la administración intravenosa. El procedimiento de marcaje con 99mTc y 67Ga de nanopartículas de albúmina y albúmina modificada con NOTA permite la obtención de nanopartículas con elevados rendimientos de marcaje y una adecuada estabilidad in vitro , permitiendo su utilización para la realización de estudios in vivo. To optimize radiolabeling with 99mTc and 67Ga of albumin nanoparticles coated with 4 differents synthetic polymers and to evaluate their stability in vivo and in vitro , as well as their biodistribution in vivo after intravenous administration. The nanoparticles were prepared using albumin and NOTA-modified albumin by the desolvation method and coated with 4 different polymers; HPMC, GMN2, GPM2 and GTM2. They were purified, lyophilized and characterized. Radiolabelling with 99mTc was perfomed with 74 MBq of 99mTc sodium pertechnetate, previously reduced with and acid solution of tin chloride at different concentrations (0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml) and at different times (5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes) and temperatures (room temperature, 40 °C and 60 °C). Radiolabelling with 67Ga was perfomed by incubation of the nanoparticles with 37 MBq of 67Gallium chloride (obtained from commercial gallium-67 citrate) at different times (10 and 30 minutes) and temperatures (room temperature, 30 °C and 60 °C), and posterior purification with microconcentrators. The radiochemical purity was evaluated by TLC. Stability studies of radiolabeled nanoparticles in physiological serum and blood plasma were perfomed. Biodistribution studies of nanoparticles coated with GPM2 polymer were carried out in Wistar rats after intravenous administration of the nanoparticles. Control animals were carried out with 99mTc sodium pertechnetate and 67Ga chloride. To do so, the animals were killed and activity in organs was measured in a gamma counter. 99mTc labeling was carried out optimally with a tin concentration of 0.007 mg/ ml for the GPM2 nanoparticles and 0.005 mg / ml for the rest of the formulations, with a radiolabelling time of 10 minutes at room temperature. In the case of 67Ga the label was optimized at 30° C temperature and 30 minutes of incubation. In both cases the radiochemical purity obtained was greater than 97%. The nanoparticles showed high stability in vitro after 48 hours of labeling (70% nanoparticles labeled with 99mTc and 90% those labeled with 67Ga). Biodistribution studies of nanoparticles 99mTc -GPM2 and 67Ga -NOTA-GPM2 showed a high accumulation of activity in the liver at 2 and 24 hours after intravenous administration. The labeling procedure with 99mTc and 67Ga of albumin and albumin modified with NOTA nanoparticles allows obtaining nanoparticles with high labeling yields and adequate in vitro stability, allowing their use for in vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Bisalbuminemia is a qualitative disorder of albumin and it is defined by the coexistence in the same individual of two types of serum albumin with different electrophoretic mobility. There are two forms: hereditary and permanent, or acquired and transient. Case Report: Girl, 17-years-old, referenced to the hospital consult after incidental finding of bisalbuminemia detected in plasma protein electrophoresis performed within the investigation of diminished muscular tone in the lower limbs. Physical examination was normal. Secondary causes of bisalbuminemia were excluded. Later, it was confirmed the same disorder in plasma protein electrophoresis performed to her 14-years-old brother and mother. Discussion: We describe a rare case of hereditary bisalbuminemia in a portuguese family. In general, this condition shows no pathological significance, however it is of interest to the clinicians the knowledge of this analytic change for better orientation of their patients.

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In 2004, the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA) published a resolution establishing guidelines for albumin use. Although the published data do not indicate any definitive conclusions about the benefits of albumin use in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), the guidelines recommend this procedure only in cases of edema that is refractory to use of diuretics. The aim here was to analyze albumin use among patients with nephrotic syndrome. DESIGN AND SETTING: Pharmacoeconomic study conducted in four large public referral hospitals for nephrology services in northeastern Brazil. METHOD: Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility economic evaluations were performed on a concurrent cohort of patients with nephrotic syndrome, who were divided into two groups according to compliance or noncompliance with the guidelines. Quality-of-life data were obtained from the SF36 and CHQ-PF50 questionnaires. RESULTS: This study enrolled 109 patients (60% adults and 56% women); 41.3% were using albumin in accordance with the guidelines. The weight, diuresis and fluid balance parameters were more cost-effective for patients who adhered to the guidelines. Regarding days of hospitalization avoided, the incremental ratio showed a daily cost of R$ 55.33, and guideline-compliant patients were hospitalized for five days or fewer. The quality of life improved by 8%, and savings of R$ 3,458.13/QALY (quality-adjusted life year) for the healthcare system were generated through guideline compliance. CONCLUSION: The economic analyses of this study demonstrated that there were greater cost benefits for patients whose treatment followed the guidelines.

Este trabajo analiza las proteínas séricas de bovinos procedentes de un rodeo con paratuberculosis endémica, enfermedad infecciosa asociada a diarrea, pérdida de estado corporal, caquexia y muerte. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos a partir de un grupo de animales positivos a tres pruebas diagnósticas de paratuberculosis con otro grupo negativo. Las pruebas utilizadas para formar los grupos fueron el cultivo mico­bacteriológico de materia fecal, la inoculación intradérmica con tuberculina aviar y un ELISA indirecto para detección de anticuerpos en suero. La concentración de las proteínas séricas y sus fracciones se analizaron mediante colorimetría y electroforesis. Los intervalos de credibilidad bayesianos fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los grupos positivo y negativo a las pruebas diagnósticas, con menores concentraciones de albúmina y mayor concentración de gammaglobulina. La relación albúmina/globulina también presentó diferencias significativas, con disminución de la relación en el grupo positivo. Las fracciones proteicas alfa y beta no presentaron diferencias. La disminución de albúmina en el grupo de animales positivos justifica la reducción de la eficiencia productiva y enfatiza la conveniencia de segregarlos animales positivos, no solo por las pérdidas económicas asociada a la enfermedad, sino también como una medida de control para evitar la difusión de la misma.

Introducción: la desnutrición infantil sigue siendo un problema de gran magnitud a nivel mundial, fundamentalmente para la población menor de 5 años en los países en vías de desarrollo, constituyendo un tercio del total de las causas de muertes en niños. Objetivo: describir los resultados clínicos de la aplicación de albúmina en pacientes con desnutrición severa en el Hospital Infantil Napoleón Franco Pareja (HINFP). Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo en el cual participaron pacientes pediátricos que asistieron al HINFP, se valoró su estado nutricional mediante medidas antropométricas y marcadores clínicos como frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria, tensión arterial, estancia hospitalaria, ingreso a UCI y muerte. Las evaluaciones fueron seriadas durante la estancia hospitalaria para describir la evolución clínica secundaria a manejo intrahospitalario con albúmina. Las comparaciones entre los grupos se hicieron a través de la prueba Chi2 o el test de Fisher, con el programa Epi Info V.7.2.0.1. Resultados: se analizaron 25 pacientes pediátricos, 56% de sexo masculino. El tratamiento con albúmina fue administrado al 48% de los pacientes, dentro de los signos de desnutrición severa el edema se observó en el 91,7% de los pacientes tratados con albúmina y en el grupo no tratado fue del 46.2%, p=0,0446, la emaciación fue observada entre los grupos en 16,7% y 30,8% respectivamente, p=,07219, el 100% de los pacientes egresaron vivos. Conclusión: no se evidenciaron diferencias signifcativas entre los pacientes tratados con albúmina y quienes no se le administró el tratamiento, se recomienda realizar estudios con una muestra mayor.

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción y objetivo: La cirrosis representa el estadio final en el cual convergen diferentes enfermedades hepáticas crónicas. A medida que progresa, con el desarrollo de mayor hipertensión portal (HTP), aparecen complicaciones como la ascitis, el síndrome hepato-renal y la hiponatremia. El desarrollo de estas complicaciones marca un punto de inflexión en la evolución de la enfermedad con notable impacto pronóstico. La ascitis refractaria es una de las manifestaciones avanzadas de la HTP y su tratamiento de elección es la paracentesis de gran volumen asociada a la administración de albúmina. Dicho procedimiento, presenta como probable complicación el desarrollo de disfunción circulatoria post-paracentesis, vinculada a los cambios hemodinámicos producidos durante la misma, en pacientes con un estadío hemodinámico border-line, que puede ser valorado oportunamente de forma no invasiva. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, en el que participaron tres pacientes cirróticos con ascitis refractaria. Se analizó la hemodinamia pre y post paracentesis de gran volumen asociada a la administración de albúmina endovenosa mediante un método no invasivo (Finapres® Nova). Resultados y conclusiones: De los tres pacientes valorados, dos de ellos presentaban un perfil hemodinámico similar, sin desarrollar disfunción circulatoria post-paracentesis. El tercer paciente presentó una disfunción circulatoria post-paracentesis, partiendo de un peor estado hemodinámico basal, y con una pobre respuesta al tratamiento instituido. La valoración previa del estado hemodinámico de forma no invasiva podría permitirla toma de decisiones terapéuticas específicas, que podrían modificar la evolución y el pronóstico frente a la necesidad de paracentesis evacuadoras en este sub-grupo de pacientes.

A partir de plasma humano se obtuvo albúmina mediante un método de termocoagulación selectiva. Se utilizaron diferentes combinaciones de caprilato de sodio y un tanto por ciento de etanol, lo cual permitió precipitar las globulinas manteniendo la albúmina en solución. En todas las pruebas se fijaron los parámetros siguientes: pH 6,9, temperatura 69 °C y tiempo de calentamiento 30 min. Los mejores resultados de concentración de proteínas y rendimiento proteico se obtuvieron a una concentración de caprilato de 0,004 M, 5% de etanol, pH 6,9 y 30 min de calentamiento. En la pasteurización 10 h a 60 °C los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con caprilato de sodio 0,04 M y la mezcla de caprilato de sodio 0,02 M y acetiltriptofanato de sodio 0,02.

RESUMO: Minerais são componentes essenciais na dieta, exercendo diversas funções no organismo animal onde o uso de sais orgânicos visa aumentar a disponibilidade dos inerais no trato digestório. O perfil metabólico auxilia na avaliação de índices produtivos, para tanto, se faz análises de componentes bioquímicos do sangue. O objetivo foi estudar os efeitos que fontes orgânicas e inorgânicas de cobre e enxofre possuem nos parâmetros bioquímicos. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP, para tanto 40 ovinos foram distribuídos em 10tratamentos: 1) dieta basal; 2) dieta contendo Mo; 3) dieta basal+ Cu inorg + S inorg; 4) dieta basal + Cu inorg + S org; 5) dieta basal + Cu org + S inorg; 6) dieta basal + Cu org + S org; 7) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S inorg; 8) dieta com Mo + Cu inorg + S org; 9) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S inorg; 10) dieta com Mo + Cu org + S org. De acordo com cada tratamento houve a inclusão de 10mgkg-1 de MS de Cu inorgânico ou orgânico ou 10 mg kg-1 de MS de Mo ou 0,2% de S inorgânico ou orgânico. Os animais receberam dieta única duas vezes ao dia com inclusão de volumoso num total de 3% do peso vivo. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias, com coletas a cada 28 dias para estudo de glicose, ureia, albumina, colesterol, triglicerídeos. Os parâmetros foram analisados com estrutura fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 (com e sem Mo, Cu orgânico e inorgânico e S orgânico e inorgânico) e uma dieta basal e uma basal mais molibdênio, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com um nível de significância de 5%. Os teores séricos de glicose, ureia, albumina e colesterol não apresentaram diferença significativa entre tratamentos e tempo, tão pouco foram influenciados (p>0.05) pelos tratamentos, sendo as médias 64,8mg dl-1; 30,0mg dl-1; 2,78mg L-1; 72,2mg dl-1respectivamente, apresentando-se dentro da normalidade. Os teores de triglicerídeos nos tratamentos (28.8; 34.8; 30.8; 36.9; 34.3; 27.0; 31.6; 32.1; 34.6; 31.1mg dl-1) foram influenciados pela interação Cu x S.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos O propofol é comumente usado como agente hipnótico na terapia eletroconvulsiva, mas apresenta também propriedades anticonvulsivantes. O objetivo principal foi avaliar o efeito da dose de propofol ajustada ao peso na duração da convulsão elétrica. Os objetivos secundários foram avaliar o efeito da dose total de propofol na duração da convulsão elétrica, o efeito da dose tanto total quanto ajustada ao peso nos valores do índice bispectral e a influência da bioquímica do sangue no efeito anticonvulsivante. Métodos Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, foi feita uma revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários de todos os pacientes que fizeram pelo menos uma sessão de eletroconvulsoterapia. Análise de regressão linear múltipla ajustada para potenciais confundidores foi feita para explorar o efeito da dosagem de propofol sobre os valores do índice bispectral e a duração da convulsão; análises de correlação bivariada foram previamente feitas para identificar as variáveis que atendem aos critérios de confusão, especificamente valores de r de Spearman > 0,10. Os resultados da análise de regressão foram expressos como coeficiente B com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados Setenta e seis pacientes receberam 631 sessões de fase aguda. Propofol mostrou um efeito negativo estatisticamente significativo sobre a duração da convulsão (especificamente uma redução de 4,081 segundos para cada mg.kg−1 de propofol; IC de 95%: ‐7906 para ‐0,255, p = 0,037), mas não para os valores do índice bispectral. Anemia leve e hipoalbuminemia foram condições muito raras e o efeito anticonvulsivante não foi influenciado por esses parâmetros. Conclusões A dose de propofol ajustada ao peso está negativamente relacionada com a duração das crises convulsivas, deve ser cuidadosamente titulada quando usada na terapia eletroconvulsiva. Abstract Background and objectives Propofol is commonly employed as a hypnotic agent to perform electroconvulsive therapy, but it exhibits also anticonvulsant properties. The main objective was to study the effect of the weight‐adjusted dose of propofol on duration of the electrical seizure. Secondary objectives were to study the effect of absolute dose of propofol on duration of electrical seizure, the effect of both absolute and weight‐adjusted doses on values of bispectral index, and the influence of blood chemistry on anticonvulsant effect. Methods After approval of the Institutional Review Board, a retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent at least one electroconvulsive therapy session. Multiple lineal regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders was employed to explore the effect of propofol dosage on values of bispectral index and on duration of seizure; bivariate correlation analyses were previously performed to identify variables fulfilling confounding criteria, specifically values of Spearman's rho >0.10. Results of regression analysis were expressed as B coefficient with its 95% confident interval. Results 76 patients received 631 acute phase sessions. Propofol showed a statistically significant negative effect on duration of seizure (specifically a reduction of 4.081 s for every mg.kg−1 of propofol; CI95%: −7906 to −0.255, p = 0.037) but not on bispectral index values. Slight anemia and hypoalbuminemia were very infrequent conditions, and the anticonvulsant effect was not influenced by these parameters. Conclusions Propofol weight‐adjusted dose is negatively related to duration of seizures. It should be carefully titrated when employed to perform electroconvulsive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proteins are natural and safe substitutes of the synthetic polymers for the development of drug delivery systems (DDS). Few of proteins have been approved for drug delivery purposes by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Among them, albumin is the most explored carrier for synthesis of therapeutic nanoparticles. Its usefulness was determined by the common accessibility, biocompatibility and the feasibility of accumulation in tissues with increased metabolism. Albumin with its properties is particularly attractive carrier for anti- -arthritis and anti-cancer drugs. It is mainly used to design delivery systems for poorly soluble substances with low permeability through biological membranes. The albumin nanoparticles are characterized by favourable pharmacokinetics, high drug delivery efficiency and low cytotoxicity. In addition, they are biodegradable, relatively easy to prepare and non-immunogenic. Interest in the exploration of clinical applications of albumin-based drug delivery carriers, especially for those at the nanoscale, has increased in recent years. A lot of research have been done to design multifunctional theranostic nanosystems that could be used for both imaging and cancer therapy. This article aims at providing an overview of already commercialized and just emerging applications of albumin-based nanosystems as drug delivery carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]