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Conferencia en línea con motivo del Cuarenta Aniversario de la Delegación de la Asociación Española de Amigos de los Castillos en la Región de Murcia (09/03/2021).

[EN] Throughout the second quarter of the 13th century, the Castilian crown conquered the extensive region of the Sierra de Segura, which for the most part passed into the hands of the Order of Santiago. From that moment on, begun a process of organization of the territory that included the transformation of the old Andalusian settlements; the construction of villages to host Christian repopulation and castles for wardens and commanders; as well as the construction of towers distributed throughout the territory and destined to secure the region against the Muslims who threatened them from a very close border. We will deal with these phenomena in this work, taking as examples two of the main towns of this area: Tayvilla and Socovos, whose historical circumstances have left us archaeological remains and a documentary set that allows us to examine in detail the patterns of change experimented by these Andalusian villages after the conquest., [ES] A lo largo del segundo cuarto del siglo XIII tuvo lugar la conquista castellana de la extensa comarca de la Sierra de Segura, que pasó en su mayor parte a manos de la Orden de Santiago. A partir de ese momento tuvo lugar un proceso de organización del territorio que incluía la transformación de los antiguos asentamientos andalusíes; la construcción de pueblas para acoger a los repobladores cristianos y de castillos para alcaides y comendadores; así como la edificación de una serie de torres distribuidas por el territorio y destinadas a asegurar su control frente a los musulmanes que los amenazaban desde una frontera muy próxima. De estos fenómenos nos ocuparemos en el presente trabajo, tomando como ejemplos dos de las principales poblaciones de este señorío: Tayvilla y Socovos, cuyas circunstancias históricas nos han legado unos restos arqueológicos y un conjunto documental que nos permite examinar de manera detallada las pautas del cambio experimentado por estos núcleos andalusíes tras la conquista.

Comunicación presentada en The International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. FORTMED 2020, Granada, 26th, 27th and 28th of March. The International Conference was postponed to 4th, 5thand 6thof November 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic., [EN] In this paper, we will study the fortress of Taibilla, a defensive complex built by the Order of Santiago in the middle of the thirteenth century in a strategic point of the Sierra de Segura, currently belonging to the municipality of Nerpio (Albacete). Although the complex was built at the top of the hill on whose hillside a relatively important town existed in Andalusian times, the archaeological excavations proved that most of the remains of the fortification currently visible were built after the Christian conquest. It is a stately castle and the outer enclosure that protected the Christian town, both of notable importancesince they were destined to accommodate a comendador and a council respectively. The Encomienda de Taibilla, however, disappeared within a few years due to the avatars of the border, leaving its territory incorporated to that of Yeste. For this reason, the fortress of Taibilla hardly underwent modifications in the medieval period, so that it has been fossilized as an excellent example of the santiaguista stately architecture of the middle of the thirteenth century.

La publicación original está disponible en http://www.arqueomurcia.com, [ES] Solar situado en el arrabal medieval de la Arrixaca de Murcia, en el que se ha documentado la existencia de dos viviendas andalusíes con diferentes fases constructivas. Estas casas se mantienen en uso durante un corto espacio de tiempo después de la conquista castellana pero después son abandonadas, hasta que a mediados del siglo XV o comienzos del XVI son reocupadas y transformadas en alfares. A fines del s. XVI o principios del XVII, una importante inundación arrasa estos establecimientos, aunque son posteriormente reconstruidos., [EN] Site located in the medieval suburb of the Arrixaca of Murcia, in which the existence of two andalusian houses has been documented with different constructive phases. These houses were kept in use during a short space of time after the Castilian conquest but later they were abandoned. By the middle of the XV century or beginnings of the XVI they were reoccupied and transformed into pottery workshops. At the end of the s. XVI or begining of the XVII an important flood razes these establishments, although they are reconstructed later on.

La publicación original está disponible en http://www.arqueomurcia.com, [ES] En los niveles de ocupación más antiguos de este solar se han documentado restos de una instalación alfarera, en la línea de los resultados de otros solares de la zona como en las calles San Nicolás y Cortés, destacando especialmente el hallazgo de un horno para la elaboración de vidrio o vedrío. Junto a la muralla islámica, que recorría el solar de norte a sur en un tramo de 38 m de longitud, documentamos una barriada de casas, de las que hemos podido documentar parcial o totalmente cinco. Finalmente, hallamos algunas evidencias de la ocupación de esta área en época moderna, cuando la muralla fue abandonada y amortizada., [EN] On the older habitational layers of this excavation were found traces of a pottery workshop, as it happened in other sites of this area (in S. Nicolás and Cortés streets). We have to mentioned specially a glass oven use to prepared the glazed cover of the pottery vessels. We also excavated a long sector of the islamic urban wall (38 m), that enclosed a group of five typical inner-courtyard houses. Finally, we found some traces of the urban ocupation of this area from the XVI century on, when the wall was abandonned.

Deux découvertes rapprochées et toutes deux situées au cœur de Murcia (Espagne) ont un rapport avec l'activité verrière. l'atelier de la calle puxmarina est une structure complexe dont les différents fours sont rapidement présentés avec leurs problèmes d'interprétation. Le four de la plaça Belluga, découvert plus récemment, fait l'objet d'une présentation plus détaillée et d'un essai de restitution éclairant certains fours du site précédent. Les analyses en cours permettront sans doute de préciser l'utilité de certains de ces fours encore peu illustrés archéologiquement., Two successive discoveries near one of each other in the heart of Murcia CSpain) have a relation with the glass activity. The workshop of the Puxmarina wedge is a complex structure, the different kilns of which are quickly presented with their problems of interpretation. The kiln of Plaza Belluga, more recently discovered, is the object of a more detailed presentation and a restitution test lighting some kilns of the previous site. The under way analysis will probably allow to precise the use of some of these kilns still little illustrated archeologically.