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Abstract Commentaries from ancient Mesopotamia, written in cuneiform script and in the Akkadian language, are known from the eighth century B.C.E. up to the last centuries B.C.E. The article investigates the authority of the texts about which commentaries are known, often considered canonical and divine, vis-à-vis the authority of the commentaries themselves, considered oral tradition transmitted by scholars. This is comparable to the authority of the biblical texts that serve as the base for early Jewish interpretations, and to the authority of the commentaries containing these interpretations, both in Qumran and in early Rabbinic literature. The article also surveys and analyzes various hermeneutical terms and techniques found in ancient Mesopotamian commentaries in relation to early Jewish commentaries. In addition, the article discusses the pesharim from Qumran in their divinatory context, in light of omen interpretations from Mesopotamia which use the noun pišru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the summaries of the BM 113931 and BM 113940 tablets of Balag̃ compositions which are from the extinct city Ur in Iraq. It states that the scripts in the tablets have indications of musical performance related to late-Babylonian (LB) literature. The transliterations of the lines in the two tablets are also discussed.