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There is increasingly concern that PM

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between outdoor, indoor, and personal PM2.5 exposure in the retired adults and explore the effects of potential determinants in two Chinese megacities. A longitudinal panel study was conducted in Nanjing (NJ) and Beijing (BJ), China, and thirty-three retired non-smoking adults aged 43–86 years were recruited in each city. Repeated measurements of outdoor-indoor-personal PM2.5 concentrations were measured for five consecutive 24-h periods during both heating and non-heating seasons using real-time and gravimetric methods. Time-activity and household characteristics were recorded. Mixed-effects models were applied to analyze the determinants of personal PM2.5 exposure. In total, 558 complete sets of collocated 24-h outdoor-indoor-personal PM2.5 concentrations were collected. The median 24-h personal PM2.5 exposure concentrations ranged from 43 to 79 μg/m3 across cities and seasons, which were significantly greater than their corresponding indoor levels (ranging from 36 to 68 μg/m3, p

In 2015, 443 atmospheric PM

The purpose of this study was to reveal the pollution characteristics of ambient PM

To establish the determination of gaseous nicotine in ambient air using high performance liquid chromatography.The nicotine samples of ambient air were collected by passive air samples. The Sample film was sonicated, extracted, evaporated with nitrogen sweeping, and dissolved with the mobile phase. Nicotine was separated by C18 reversed-phase column, examined by ultraviolet detector, quantified by peak area and qualitatively measured by its retentive time.The limit of detection and the limit of quantification is 30 ng/mL, 101 ng/mL, respectively. The precision is characterized by RSD in the rage 0.24% -2.62%. The average recovery of sample is in the rage of 82.0% -107.2%. The samples can be kept more than 11 days in the dry state of room temperature after sealing.The method is suitable for the determination of nicotine concentration in public places air.

To study whether the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) could be the biomarker of atmospheric PAHs, a small-scale pilot study was carried out on the relation of 1-OHP vs PAHs with the traffic policemen in Beijing of smokers and nonsmokers to be subgroups in both the exposure and control groups. Both the PAHs and 1-OHP were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ambient concentrations of PAHs were different at the different sites (the average sum of PAHs (TPAH) were 12.36, 16.27, 18.37 ng/m(3) at the suburban residential, police station and high traffic area, respectively.), but considerably lower than the personal-exposure concentrations (the average TPAH were 65.84 and 47.28 ng/m(3) for patrol cars and inspection station, respectively). Pyrene was correlated well with BaP and the summed PAHs (TPAH), with the correlation coefficients (R) of 0.79, 0.87 for ambient level and 0.92, 0.96 for personal exposure, respectively. The average of 1-hydroxypyrene of smokers and nonsmokers were 0.39, 0.15 mumol/mol creatinine in control group and 0.57, 0.33 mumol/mol creatinine in exposure group, respectively. The better correlation of pyrene to BaP and TPAH especially for personal exposure samples indicated that the probability of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, the metabolite of pyrene, to be the biomarker of total PAH. Nonsmokers in the exposure and control groups had indistinguishable levels of 1-OHP, presumably because the ambient levels of pyrene were so similar (the average were 3.25, 3.20 ng/m(3) at the police station and high traffic area, respectively.). Smokers in the control group had significantly higher 1-OHP than that of the nonsmokers, but showed indistinguishable differences in the exposure group. These results suggested that urinary 1-OHP could be a biomarker of PAHs only when the level of PAHs was at a relatively higher level. Smoking as an important influencing factor need to be controlled carefully.