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This article presents an overview of airflow velocity measurement methods applied to renewable energy. Basic measurement methods used in this field are discussed: tachometric, ultrasonic, and calorimetric anemometry. The principle of operation and basic properties of anemometers are presented, and based on publications from the last decade, a systematic review of development directions and trends in this field is made. The aim of the article is to familiarize people dealing with renewable energy problems, in particular wind energy, with the current state of knowledge in the field of anemometric measurements, properties of individual types of measuring devices, as well as directions of development of measurement tools. This will allow for the optimization of processes in the field of wind energy, in particular in the selection of the location of the energy facility, implementation of investments and control, diagnostics, and monitoring during operation. The selection of metrological tools adequate to the problem also allows for ensuring an appropriate level of work safety and environmental and ecological harmony and supporting the process of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents concepts and experimental studies for an energy harvester designed to convert short, pulsating, turbulent airflows into electrical energy. Such flows occur in the vicinity of roads, highways, and railway tracks, among other places, and are caused by passing vehicles. A laboratory prototype is built in the form of a pendulum deflected from an equilibrium position by the airflow. The pendulum's oscillations are converted into electrical energy using an electrodynamic transducer. The harvester uses a magnetic system that increases the frequency of the oscillations and increases the energy efficiency of the system. The harvester can be used to power local low-power electrical devices, such as highway monitoring systems. It is possible to place a set of multiple harvesters in the vicinity of the road, creating a visual effect of reeds waving in the wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of air flow velocity are essential at every stage of the design, construction and operation of wind turbines. One of the basic measurement tools in this area is the tachometric anemometer, which is based on the simple physical phenomenon of the air kinetic energy exchange with a rotating measuring element. Tachometric anemometers have favorable operational features and good static metrological parameters. However, in the case of fast-changing flows, the measurement is burdened with a significant dynamic error, and the measured average value of the velocity is overestimated. This article presents the concept and results of pilot studies of a dynamic error correction method of tachometric anemometers. The correction consists of the precise measurement of the rotor's rotational velocity and determination of the measured air velocity, taking into account the dynamics of the instrument. The developed method can be used in tachometric anemometers intended for laboratory, technical and industrial measurements in time-varying flows. One of the important application areas is the measurement of wind energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air flow velocity measurements are the key issues in examining the condition and progress of mine ventilation process. In addition to standard measurements carried out in the stock exploitation process, it is necessary to conduct cognitive scientific research in this area. One of the important issues here is the measurement of fast-changing fluctuations of air velocity, enabling the knowledge of the spectral structure of the tested flow. Hot-wire anemometers are used for such measurements both in laboratories and in industrial conditions. A frequent metrological problem is the presence in the measuring area of a high level electromagnetic interference (EMI) from electrical networks and devices. Due to the metrological properties of hot-wire anemometers, such as high gain and wide frequency bandwidth, measuring signal in the presence of electromagnetic interferences may be subject to strong disturbances. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for reducing or eliminating these disturbances. The article presents such a new method based on the use of an additional induction loop in the anemometric sensor for compensation or reduction of interferences. • New method of reducing or eliminating electromagnetic interference in hot-wire measurements has been described. • The hot-wire sensor has been supplemented with an induction loop for EMI detection. • The concept and measurement results for three variants of the method were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]