This article aim in analyzing the influence that the variables related to oil and gas production exert on petrochemical wastewater production in the oil fields of the Potiguar basin. To conduct this research, we used secondary data from the ANP database, whose final sample deals with 79 oil fields, onshore and offshore. In order to reach the proposed goal, a conceptual model was formulated, composed of five hypotheses, using simple and multiple regressions. The results were presented in three stages: step I - simple regression; Step II - multiple regression analysis; And, step III - analysis of the research hypotheses. Hypotheses 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 were confirmed. The results showed a positive effect of the variable Age of field and negative effects for the variable API and Type of field, with respect to the onshore field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]