75 results on '"Luciano Colpo Gatiboni"'
Search Results
2. Agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizer in sequential grain crops in southern Brazil
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Daniel Alexandre Iochims, Fabiano Daniel de Bona, Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Juliano Corulli Corrêa, Camila Adaime Gabriel, Gilmar Luiz Mumbach, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, GILMAR LUIZ MUMBACH, UDESC/Lages, LUCIANO COLPO GATIBONI, North Carolina State University, FABIANO DANIEL DE BONA, CNPT, DJALMA EUGÊNIO SCHMITT, UFSC, JULIANO CORULLI CORREA, CNPSA, CAMILA ADAIME GABRIEL, UDESC/Lages, DANIEL JOÃO DALL'ORSOLETTA, CNPq, and DANIEL ALEXANDRE IOCHIMS, UDESC/Lages.
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Fertilidade ,Adubo Orgânico ,Fertilizante mineral ,Agronomy ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Fertilizer ,engineering.material ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Fertilizante orgânico - Abstract
The use of organomineral fertilizers in agriculture instead of mineral fertilizers is a way to add organic compounds to the soil, potentially improving its properties and crop production. Our objective was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of an organomineral fertilizer manufactured from poultry litter and mineral fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in a Humic Cambisol in the subtropical region of Brazil, with high organic matter content, low phosphorus content, and very high potassium content. The study consisted of six treatments: mineral fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, KCl, and urea), at rates of 100 and 150% of the technical recommendation; organic fertilizer (poultry litter), at 100% rate; organomineral fertilizer (poultry litter + monoammonium phosphate), at rates of 100 and 150%; and control treatment (without fertilization). Between 2015 and 2017, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) were sequentially cultivated. Before performing the experiment and at the end of the fourth crop, chemical properties of the soil were analyzed in the 0- to 10- and 10- to 20-cm layers. The use of fertilizers increased crop yield, but there was no difference between the three fertilizer sources or between the 100 and 150% rates of the technical recommendation. Chemical properties of the soil were altered in a similar manner with fertilization, regardless of the fertilizer source used. According to the results, the organomineral fertilizer can replace mineral fertilizers with equivalent performance. Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-30T09:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 agj2.20238.pdf: 936699 bytes, checksum: 45a558de3df39ab1ad459de0d9df92d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020
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- 2020
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3. Plant uptake of legacy phosphorus from soils without P fertilization
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Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Tales Tiecher, Gustavo Brunetto, Murilo G. Veloso, João Kaminski, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, UniLaSalle, and Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE)
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fractionation ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,Human fertilization ,Animal science ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,biology ,Chemistry ,Crotalaria ,Phosphorus ,fungi ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Plant nutrition - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the different phosphorus fractions in soils contribute to plant uptake, based on the combination between the sequential P fractionation developed by Hedley and path analysis. Successive crops were grown on soil samples with different P legacies, taken from the 0.00–0.10 m layer of an untilled Latossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Hapludox). The experimental treatments consisted of three annual P rates (0 kg P ha−1–P0; 157 kg P ha−1–P157; 314 kg P ha−1–P314). In a greenhouse, 15 successive crops of millet, black oat, corn, soybean, crotalaria and rye were grown in pots, with six replications. Phosphorus fractions in the soil were evaluated before the first crop and after the third and 15th crop. At the beginning of cultivation, the labile P fractions were buffered by the less labile P fractions in soils fertilized with the highest P rate (P314). After the 15 crop cycles, labile P was buffered, mainly by labile and non-labile organic P fractions. In soils without previous P fertilization and intermediate fertilizer rates, there was a significant contribution of organic P fractions to the moderately plant-available inorganic P pool. The organic P fraction only contributed to plant nutrition in soils fertilized with high P rates after depletion of the inorganic P pool. The conclusion was drawn that all soil P fractions can potentially provide plants with P, whereas the contribution of these P fractions depends on the P fertilization history.
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- 2021
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4. Phosphorus Extraction with Soil Test Methods Affected by Soil P Sorption Capacity
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Patrícia Pretto Pessotto, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Gilmar Luiz Mumbach, Clovisson Menotti Boeira de Oliveira, and Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta
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0106 biological sciences ,Soil test ,Phosphorus ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Sorption ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Incubation period ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Ion-exchange resin ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Incubation ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phosphorus (P) extraction ability of the methods Mehlich 1 (M-1), Mehlich 3 (M-3), anion exchange resin in strips (AER-ST), and anion exchange resin in spheres (AER-SP), as a function of clay content, P rates, and incubation time. Experimental units were built with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of clay and five different phosphorus rates as follows: 0, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg P kg−1, with subsequent incubation for 0, 30, and 90 days. After that, the samples were subjected to the analysis of extractable P using the M-1, M-3, AER-ST, and AER-SP extractors. All P extraction methods evaluated were sensitive to clay content and to the amount of added P. The input of P increased the recovery of this nutrient by all extractors, but this was less effective when the clay content of the soil was increased. In general, the ability of phosphorus extraction from the soil followed the order: M-1 > AER-SP > M-3 > AER-ST. The longer contact time of P with the soil, lower is the extracted P content, regardless of the extraction method, this being more evident in clayey soils. All extraction methods tested are sensitive to clay content, incubation time, and to the P concentration applied.
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- 2020
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5. Increased vegetation ground cover reduces water, sediment and phosphorus losses in Cambisol treated with swine slurry
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Patrícia Pretto Pessotto, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Daniel João Dall Orsoletta, Gilmar Luiz Mumbach, and Daniel Alexandre Iochims
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General Veterinary ,Runoff ,Agriculture (General) ,Veterinary medicine ,Plant residues ,Soil Science ,Agriculture ,Plant Science ,Swine slurry ,S1-972 ,Erosion ,SF600-1100 ,Simulated rain ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of the ground cover rate by crop residues and the rain time elapsed after the application of liquid swine slurry (LSS) under losses of water, sediments, and phosphorus (P). The study was carried out under a Humic Cambisols. Two areas were delimited: with and without the application of LSS. Each area was subdivided into four levels of crop residues: 5%, 35%, 65%, and 95%. Vegetable residues present in the area, from corn and black oat, were used. Three collecting gutters of 0.60 m² were installed in each subplot. Simulated rain was carried out on these, and the runoff volume collected for quantification and determination of losses. With LSS application, increase in the cover rate by crop residues reduces 0.3 mm h-1 the runoff volume and 1.67 mg m-2 reactive soluble P (H2O-P). The sediment losses in the first collection after the beginning of the rain were 23 times lower in the soil with 95% ground cover than in the soil with 5% ground cover. The loss of total P (total-P) decreases with the increase of the ground cover of the soil and increases in the same way with the increase of the time.
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- 2021
6. The impact of sugarcane filter cake on the availability of P in the rhizosphere and associated microbial community structure
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Thiago Gumiere, Paulo Sergio Pavinato, Bruna Arruda, Marcos Rodrigues, Amin Soltangheisi, Fernando Dini Andreote, Alan Richardson, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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Rhizosphere ,Chemistry ,Bulk soil ,Randomized block design ,Soil Science ,RIZOSFERA ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Factorial experiment ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Filter cake ,Soil conditioner ,Phosphorite ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between filter cake (FC), and phosphorus fertilizers with differing solubility on the growth and P nutrition of sugarcane. Effects of soil amendment with FC on different soil P fractions and influence on microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were also assessed. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted with completely randomized block designs. The first experiment evaluated rates of FC using a factorial design (5 × 2): 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 g FC kg−1 soil applied as either broadcast in bulk soil or in the planting furrow. The second experiment used a factorial design (2 × 3): without and with FC (5 g kg−1 soil, dry basis), both without P (NP) and with P supplied as either triple superphosphate (TSP) or as rock phosphate (RP), both at the rate of 78.4 mg kg−1 based on total P. Microbial community structure was determined using TRFLP and dynamics of soil P by Hedley fractionation. Filter cake applied at increasing rates in the absence of P was effective in increasing shoot growth and P uptake by plant, particularly when applied to bulk soil as compared to furrow application. Also, FC improved P uptake and increased the availability of labile inorganic P in the rhizosphere and modified the structure of fungal and bacterial communities, whereas only bacterial and archaea communities were influenced by P fertilizer use. Filter cake was more effective when combined with RP, with increased growth and P utilization and thus can be considered as a feasible and practical option for farmer use in substitution to TSP, a more expensive source.
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- 2019
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7. Chemical pattern of vegetation and topsoil of rangeland fertilized over 21 years with phosphorus sources and limestone
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André Somavilla, Gilmar Luiz Schaefer, Letícia Moro, Marilia Camotti Bastos, Isley Cristiellem Bicalho da Silva, Laurent Caner, Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Hydrogéologie, Argiles, Sols, Altérations (E2) (HydrASA), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PEIRENE (PEIRENE), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
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2. Zero hunger ,Topsoil ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,Human fertilization ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Phosphorite ,Shoot ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Soil horizon ,Dry matter ,Rangeland ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
The Pampa’s rangeland in South America is underused or replaced by annual crops or forest cultivation with higher economic returns. Our goal was to test the long term effects of phosphorus fertilizer and limestone applications on P availability, aluminum neutralization in deep soil layer and rangeland productivity. For this, three rates of three phosphorus sources combined with limestone were applied in a 21 year field trial. The dry matter (between 2016 and 2019) and nutrient accumulation in plant shoot were measured. The topsoil was divided in four layers (0–2.5, 2.5–5.0, 5.0–7.5, and 7.5–10.0 cm), and chemical properties were determined. Rock phosphate application at rate 249 kg ha−1 of P increased the soil P content along the soil profile down to 7.5 cm. After 21 years of liming, the neutralizing front reached depths greater than 10 cm and the reacidification was not significant. In these conditions, the contents of exchangeable Ca, Mg and Al and pH are greater than, and Al saturation is lower than without limestone. The effect of fertilization and limestone amendments are however limited in time and there was no response of rangeland dry matter production after more than four years after the last fertilization.
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- 2021
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8. Samples disturbance overestimates phosphorus adsorption capacity in soils under long-term application of pig slurry
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Paulo Cezar Cassol, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Joice Crescêncio Heidemann, Gustavo Brunetto, and Jucinei José Comin
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0106 biological sciences ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Environmental pollution ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Soil structure ,Adsorption ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Slurry ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Eutrophication ,Porosity ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Grinding soil for analysis causes the destruction of aggregates and may expose adsorption sites that would not be available for adsorption in the soil with preserved structure. The study ai...
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- 2019
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9. Phosphorus dynamics in the rhizosphere of two wheat cultivars in a soil with high organic matter content
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Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Bruna Arruda, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Joice Crescêncio Heidemann
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0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrient cycle ,Rhizosphere ,Chemistry ,Soil organic matter ,Phosphorus ,Bulk soil ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy ,Plant strategies ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Organic matter ,Cultivar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key of most nutrient cycling and its content influences labile phosphorus (P) pool. In order to promote P availability from SOM, some plant strategies could be import...
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- 2017
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10. Corrective Potential of Alkaline Residue (Dregs) from Cellulose Industry in an Acid Soil Cultivated Under No-tillage
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André da Costa, Rodrigo Vieira Luciano, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Jackson Adriano Albuquerque, and Patricia Pértile
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fungi ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Crop productivity ,Tillage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Residue (chemistry) ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Cellulose ,Soil fertility ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime - Abstract
The use of alkaline residues from cellulose industry can increase soil fertility and crop productivity, but some of these residues, such as dregs, can also reduce soil physical quality. This study ...
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- 2017
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11. Effectiveness of a rapid soil incubation method for determining potential acidity of soils in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rodrigo Krammes, Lincon Oliveira Stefanello, Gustavo Brunetto, João Kaminski, Rodrigo Otavio Schneider de Souza, Jacson Hindersmann, Rogério Piccin, Carlos Alberto Ceretta, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Roque Junior Sartori Bellinaso
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long incubation ,solos arenosos ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Soil pH ,sandy soils ,incubação curta ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Incubation ,lime dose ,dose de calcário ,short incubation ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,lcsh:S ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Soil classification ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,040201 dairy & animal science ,incubação longa ,Horticulture ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
EnglishPotential soil acidity can be measured by two methods in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC): solution SMP or solution TSM (Buffer Santa Maria). Calibration of these methods is done by incubating soils for long periods (180 days) of CaCO3. The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to reduce the incubation period in soils by using a soluble base such as calcium hydroxide. The study aimed to estimate potential acidity in a group of soils by moist incubation with Ca(OH)2 (short) as an alternative to the typical method with CaCO3 (long) and relate to the values estimated by the equation used by the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Commission of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (CQFS-RS/SC; 2016). Ten soils with sandy texture and low organic matter content were collected at 0-20cm in the Campanha Gaucha region of the state of RS and incubated for 180 days with doses of CaCO3 equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the lime requirement estimated by the solution TSM to raise to pH 6.0. Soils were also incubated for 4 days in an oven at 35oC with 0.22mol L-1 Ca(OH)2 at doses equivalent to CaCO3. Short incubation of the soil with Ca(OH)2 may substitute long incubation with CaCO3. Also, estimating potential acidity using the equation of the CQFS-RS/SC (2016) overestimated potential acidity in soils with solution TSM pH values lower than 6.0 in this study. Key words: sandy soils; lime dose; short incubation; long incubation portuguesA acidez potencial do solo pode ser medida por dois metodos nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e Santa Catarina (SC): indice SMP ou solucao TSM (Tampao Santa Maria). A calibracao destes metodos e feita pela incubacao de solos por longos periodos (180 dias) com quantidades crescentes de CaCO3. A hipotese deste estudo e que e possivel reduzir o periodo de incubacao em solos usando uma base soluvel como o hidroxido de calcio. O trabalho objetivou estimar a acidez potencial em um grupo de solos por meio de incubacao umida com Ca(OH)2 (curta) como alternativa ao metodo tipico com CaCO3 (longa) e relacionar com os valores estimados pela equacao utilizada pela CQFS-RS/SC (2016). Dez solos com textura arenosa e baixo conteudo de materia orgânica foram coletados a 0-20cm na regiao da Campanha Gaucha e incubados por 180 dias com doses de CaCO3 equivalentes a 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da exigencia de calcario estimada pela solucao TSM para elevar o pH a 6,0 (longa). Os solos foram tambem incubados por 4 dias em estufa a 35oC com 0,22mol L-1 de Ca(OH)2 em doses equivalentes ao CaCO3 (curta). A incubacao curta do solo com Ca(OH)2 pode substituir a incubacao longa com CaCO3. Alem disso, a estimativa da acidez potencial utilizando a equacao do CQFS-RS/SC (2016) superestimou a acidez potencial de solos com valores de pH em solucao TSM inferiores a 6,0 neste estudo. Palavras-chave: solos arenosos; dose de calcario; incubacao curta; incubacao longa
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- 2019
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12. Phosphorus fractions in soil cultivated with vineyards after 62 years of poultry litter addition
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Gustavo Boitt, Gustavo Brunetto, and Joice Crescêncio Heidemann
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Soil depth ,Vitis labrusca ,Soil test ,Agriculture (General) ,Organic phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,chemical fractionation of P ,engineering.material ,S1-972 ,Human fertilization ,Poultry litter ,fracionamento químico de P ,Cambisol ,organic phosphorus ,Phosphorus ,fósforo orgânico ,organic residue ,grapevine ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,videira ,resíduo orgânico ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in phosphorus fractions in a Humic Cambisol cultivated with vineyards, after 62 years of additional fertilization with poultry litter. Soil samples were collected from two vineyards (V1 and V2) and a forested area adjacent to them. A total of 1,365 and 910 kg ha-1 P were applied to V1 and V2, respectively, throughout the past 62 years. Samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40-cm soil depths for the analysis of soil physicochemical properties. The addition of poultry litter to the soil of the vineyards increased the contents of inorganic P (Pi) in all fractions, except in the residual fraction (residual-P), mainly at the 0-10-cm soil depth, in comparison with the forested area. The addition of poultry litter as fertilizer does not affect the organic P (Po) stock in the Humic Cambisol, it only increases the Pi contents of the soil. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as modificações de frações de fósforo em um Cambissolo Húmico cultivado com vinhedos, após 62 anos de fertilização adicional com cama-de-aves. Amostras de solo foram coletadas de dois vinhedos (V1 e V2) e de uma área de floresta (F) adjacente a eles. Foram aplicados 1.362 e 910 kg ha-1 de P ao V1 e ao V2, respectivamente, durante os últimos 62 anos de cultivo. Amostras de solo foram coletadas a 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40 cm de profundidade, para análises das propriedades físico-químicas do solo. A adição de cama-de-aves ao solo dos vinhedos aumentou os teores de P inorgânico (Pi) em todas as frações, exceto na fração residual, principalmente à profundidade de 0-10 cm, em comparação à área de floresta. A adição de cama-de-aves como fertilizante não afeta os estoques de P orgânico (Po) do Cambissolo Húmico, apenas aumenta os teores de Pi do solo.
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- 2019
13. Do enzyme inhibitors dicyandiamide and NBPT influence the microbial immobilization of phosphorus in Humic Cambisol?
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Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Bruna Arruda, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Joice Crescêncio Heidemann, and Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Biomassa microbiana do solo ,Randomized block design ,Soil microbial biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Dejeto líquido de suíno ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,Nitrate ,Leaching (agriculture) ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Cambisol ,Phosphorus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Manure ,pig slurry ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Nitrification inhibitor ,Inibidor da nitrificação ,soil microbial biomass ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,nitrification inhibitor ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Pig slurry - Abstract
The application of nitrogen fertilizers, both organic and mineral, can cause nitrate losses by leaching. To minimize this effect, enzyme inhibitors are used. However, the effects on microbial biomass, which is the most sensitive and dynamic compartment of nutrients in the soil, as well as its effect on nutrients such as phosphorus (P) are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the enzyme inhibitor (EI) on soil microbial phosphorus (Pm) when mineral fertilizer (NPK) or liquid swine manure (LSM) was applied in corn cultivation. The experiment was installed in a Humic Cambisol in Lages – SC, Brazil (27° 47’ 08” S; 50° 18’ 09” W) in the 2012/2013 season. The treatments consisted of: i) NPK; ii) NPK + EI; iii) LSM; iv) LSM + EI, applied before sowing of corn, and v) control (without application of fertilizer and enzyme inhibitor) arranged in a randomized block design, under no-tillage system. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.10 m layer at 0, 10, 25, 58, 90, 135 and 202 days after application of the treatments. The Pm content was not affected by the enzyme inhibitor application but was influenced throughout the crop cycle in response to water balance and corn cultivation. RESUMO A aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados, tanto orgânicos quanto minerais, pode ocasionar perdas de nitrato por lixiviação. Para minimizar este efeito, inibidores enzimáticos são utilizados. Entretanto, são desconhecidos seus efeitos sobre o acúmulo de nutrientes, como o fósforo (P) da biomassa microbiana, que é o mais sensível e dinâmico compartimento de nutrientes do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da aplicação de inibidor enzimático (IE) sobre o teor de fósforo da biomassa microbiana do solo (Pm), quando aplicado adubo mineral (NPK) ou dejeto líquido de suínos (DLS) no cultivo de milho. O experimento foi instalado em um Cambissolo Húmico em Lages – SC (27° 47’ 08” S 50° 18’ 09” O) na safra de 2012/2013. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de: i) NPK; ii) NPK + IE; iii) DLS; iv) DLS + IE, aplicados antecedendo a semeadura do milho e v) controle (sem aplicação de fertilização e de inibidor enzimático) dispostos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, em sistema de plantio direto. Amostras de solo foram coletadas da camada 0-0,10 m de profundidade aos 0, 10, 25, 58, 90, 135 e 202 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. O teor de Pm não foi afetado pela aplicação de inibidores enzimáticos mas sofreu influência ao longo do ciclo da cultura em resposta ao balanço hídrico e cultivo do milho.
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- 2018
14. Nitrogen availability in an apple orchard with weed management
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Arcângelo Loss, Elano dos Santos Junior, Rafael da Rosa Couto, Lincon Oliveira Stefanello da Silva, Paula Beatriz Sete, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Gustavo Brunetto, Vítor Gabriel Ambrosini, and Bruno Salvador Oliveira
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0106 biological sciences ,Malus ,mineral N ,chemistry.chemical_element ,01 natural sciences ,ammonia ,lcsh:Agriculture ,nitrate ,amônio ,Soil solution ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,nitrato ,General Veterinary ,biology ,lcsh:S ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Weed control ,biology.organism_classification ,Nitrogen ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Malus domestica ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,perda de N ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Orchard ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
EnglishWeed management in apple orchards (Malus domestica) can affect the leaching of nitrogen (N) in soil. The study aimed to evaluate the potential leaching of N forms in soil of an apple orchard with different weed management treatments. The experiment was conducted in an apple orchard implanted in 2008. In October 2011, 80 plants were selected and the following treatments were implemented: no weed management (NM), desiccation of weeds on the tree row with herbicide use (DR) and mechanical mowing of weeds on the tree row (MR). Yield was evaluated in the 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. In May 2012 porous cup lysimeters were installed in the NM, DR and MR treatments. In the solution collected at 0.20m, NH4 +-N and NO3 --N were analyzed sixteen times and mineral N concentration was calculated. The highest concentrations of NO3 --N and mineral N occurred in soil solution with DR, which increases availability of the nutrient to apple trees, but also enhances the potential losses. Weed management and N flow in the solution did not affect apple yield. Key words: mineral N; nitrate; ammonia; Malus domestica portuguesO manejo de plantas espontâneas em pomares de macieira (Malus domestica) pode afetar a lixiviacao de nitrogenio (N) do solo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a lixiviacao de formas de N em solo sob pomar de macieiras com diferentes manejos de plantas espontâneas. O experimento foi conduzido em um pomar de macieira implantado em 2008. Em outubro de 2011, foram selecionadas 80 plantas e implantados os tratamentos: sem manejo das plantas espontâneas (SM); dessecamento das plantas espontâneas na linha de plantio com uso de herbicidas (DL) e rocada mecânica das plantas espontâneas na linha de plantio (RL). Nas safras 2011/2012, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014 foi avaliada a produtividade. Em maio de 2012 foram instalados lisimetros com capsula porosa nos tratamentos SM, DL e RL; e na solucao coletada a 0,20m em dezesseis epocas foram analisados NH4 +-N e NO3 --N, e calculado o teor de N-mineral. Os maiores teores de NO3 --N e mineral-N ocorreram na solucao no solo com DL, o que aumenta a disponibilidade do nutriente as macieiras, mas tambem potencializa as perdas. O manejo de plantas espontâneas e o fluxo de N na solucao nao afetaram a produtividade de maca. Palavras-chave: perda de N; nitrato; amonio; Malus domestica
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- 2018
15. Exatidão de métodospara estimativa da acidez potencial e necessidade de calcário em solos da região oeste de Santa Catarina
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Gustavo Brunetto, Rodrigo Predebon, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, and Gilmar Luiz Mumbach
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calcium acetate ,liming ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Animal science ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,base saturation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,lcsh:S ,SMP ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,saturação por bases ,calagem ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,acetato de cálcio ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
portuguesO estudo objetivou comparar dois metodos de avaliacao de acidez potencial (H+Al) e de estimativa da necessidade de calagem (NC) para solos da regiao Oeste de Santa Catarina (SC). Quatorze solos foram incubados com 7 doses de calcario durante 120 dias, obtendo-se ao final os valores reais de H+Al a pH 7,0 e a NC dos solos. Esses valores serviram de referencia para avaliar a exatidao dos metodos de estimativa do H+Al: tampao SMP e acetato de calcio a pH 7,0 e a exatidao dos metodos de estimativa da NC: indice SMP e saturacao por bases (V%). Em media, o H+Al foi subestimado em 6 e 40% pelos metodos SMP e acetato de calcio, respectivamente, sendo mais problematico nos solos de maior tamponamento. Ja a NC foi subestimada em 20 e 30% pelo Indice SMP e V%, respectivamente. O indice SMP estimou melhor a NC que o metodo V%, principalmente em solos de maior tamponamento. Palavras-chave: SMP; acetato de calcio; saturacao por bases; calagem EnglishThe objective of this study was to compare two methods of evaluation of potencial acidity (H+Al) and two methods to estimate liming requirement (LR) for soils from the west region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Fourteen soils were incubated with 7 lime rates for 120 days, obtaining the real values of H+Al at pH 7.0 and LR. These values were used as reference to evaluate the accuracy of two H+Al estimating methods: SMP buffer and calcium acetate at pH 7.0, and to evaluate the accuracy of two LR methods: base saturation (BS) and SMP index. On average, H+Al was underestimated in 6 and 40% by SMP and calcium acetate methods, respectively, especially in soils with high buffer capacity. The LR was underestimated in 20 and 30% by SMP index and BS, respectively. The SMP Index showed a better LR estimative than BS, especially in soils with high buffer capacity. Key words: SMP; calcium acetate; base saturation; liming
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- 2018
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16. Rendimento de cebola em função da dose e do modo de aplicação de fósforo
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Claudinei Kurtz, Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Sibeli Weingartner, and Muriá Mussi
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0106 biological sciences ,Allium cepa ,Agriculture (General) ,Veterinary medicine ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,aplicação em linha ,01 natural sciences ,adubação fosfatada ,S1-972 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Human fertilization ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,SF600-1100 ,Completely randomized design ,Mathematics ,aplicação a lanço ,General Veterinary ,Phosphorus ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Phosphate ,Phosphate fertilizer ,Bulb ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science - Abstract
The onion has a high response to phosphate fertilizers application. Even extrapolating official recommendations, the phosphorus (P) addition usually increase onion productivity. Due to the restricted root system, it is possible that phosphate fertilizer location in furrow enables more efficient use of nutrients, reducing P rates required for culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the onion response to P rates, applied in furrow or broadcasted on soil surface, in a Humic Cambissol. Five rates of phosphate were tested (0, 120, 240, 360 and 480 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) and two application methods (broadcasted and in furrow) in a complete randomized design in factorial 5x2 with four replications. It was used onions EPAGRI 352 Bola Precoce, planted on 22/07/2014 and harvested on 15/11/2014. There was a linear response of onion to P fertilization and an increase in productivity of 16.7 kg of onions per each kilogram of applied P 2 O 5 ; also it was increased by 0.08 mm bulb diameter per each kilogram of P 2 O 5 applied. There was no response by onion to the method of P application (broadcasted or furrow), indicating that location of the fertilizer does not increase the efficiency of phosphorus fertilization in this culture.
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- 2018
17. Teor crítico de enxofre no solo para o estabelecimento de clones de erva-mate no Sul do Brasil
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Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Ivar Wendling, Flávia Denise Coldebella, Rodrigo Balen Vendrusculo, Delmar Santin, and Djalma Eugênio Schmitt
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clone (Java method) ,Agriculture (General) ,Veterinary medicine ,Soil Science ,0102 computer and information sciences ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,S1-972 ,Twig ,adubação sulfatada ,sulfato ,Ilex paraguariensis ,Nutrient ,food ,Human fertilization ,Yerba-mate ,SF600-1100 ,Cambisol ,General Veterinary ,Sowing ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,food.food ,Horticulture ,Positive response ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
O cultivo da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) apresenta grande importância econômica na região Sul do Brasil. Contudo, a necessidade de fertilização no estabelecimento de plantios de erva-mate ainda é pouco conhecida. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a adubação sulfatada no crescimento inicial de dois clones de erva-mate em um Cambissolo Húmico. O experimento foi implantado em Itaiópolis – SC, testando quatro doses de enxofre (S) (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 kg de S-SO4 ha-1)em dois clones femininos de erva-mate (F1 e F2). Avaliou-se a massa verde e a exportação de nutrientes pelas folhas, galhos finos (≤ 7mm), galhos grossos (> 7mm) e erva-mate comercial (folhas + galhos finos) e massa total. O S-SO4 foi avaliado na camada de 0-20 cm do solo 24 meses após a aplicação dos tratamentos e plantio das mudas. A produtividade de galho fino e a massa total foram influenciadas pela dose de S, independentemente do clone, indicando a exigência do nutriente para aumentar o rendimento de massa verde. Ainda, o clone F2 apresentou maior produção de galho grosso em função da dose de S. Assim, sugere-se o teor mínimo de 10 mg dm-3 S-SO4 no solo para um adequado estabelecimento de clones de erva-mate.
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- 2015
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18. Chemical, Biological, and Biochemical Parameters of the Soil P Cycle After Long-Term Pig Slurry Application in No-Tillage System
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Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Carlos Alberto Ceretta, Fábio Joel Kochem Mallmann, Gustavo Brunetto, Tadeu Luis Tiecher, Mohsin Zafar, and Tales Tiecher
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Soil nutrients ,Organic phosphorus ,Soil Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,inorganic phosphorus ,Acid phosphatase ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Inorganic phosphorus ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,organic phosphorus ,Microbial biomass phosphorus ,microbial biomass phosphorus ,Química do solo ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Tillage ,Agronomy ,acid phosphatase ,Soil water ,Fósforo ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Slurry ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Esterco ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
In Southern Brazil, agricultural soils are often treated over long periods with annual pig slurry (PS) applications, and their influence on soil nutrient dynamics should be monitored. This study aimed to evaluate the P forms accumulated in the soil and some biological and biochemical parameters of the P cycle after 19 successive PS applications over eight years, in a no-tillage (NT) system. Pig slurry was applied at rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 m3 ha-1 per crop. Several P forms (available P, microbial P, phosphatase enzyme, total organic and inorganic P) in the 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m soil layers were analyzed. Increases up to 5,523 % in available P, 308 % in microbial P, 104 % in phosphatase enzyme activity, 91 % in organic P, 251 % in inorganic P, and 19 % in Total-P were observed in the 0.00-0.05 m soil layer in response to the highest PS rate compared to the treatment with no PS. Results also indicated that P added via PS was preferentially accumulated in the inorganic fractions (83-98 %). The increase in organic P was limited by the increase in soil organic carbon. The increase in soil microbial biomass-P was more influenced by available P, while the increase in phosphatase enzyme activity was more related to the increase in organic P and C. Therefore, PS applied to the soil affected the chemical, biological, and biochemical components of the soil P cycle. Results indicate that even half of the PS rate normally used by farmers (20 m3 ha-1) poses a high risk of pollution of water bodies by runoff from these soils.
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- 2017
19. Distribuição e morfologia do sistema radicular de Eucalyptus dunnii em resposta à aplicação de fósforo
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Muriá Mussi Costa, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Gustavo Brunetto, Bruna Arruda, and Luciana Patrícia Rosa Dias
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0106 biological sciences ,Agriculture (General) ,Veterinary medicine ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,adubação fosfatada ,Plant Science ,Root system ,01 natural sciences ,raízes de absorção ,Eucalyptus dunnii ,S1-972 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,SF600-1100 ,eucalipto ,Dry matter ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Sowing ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Phosphate ,Eucalyptus ,Horticulture ,Phosphorite ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science - Abstract
A utilização de fosfatos solúveis e fosfatos naturais é prática usual na adubação de eucalipto. Como a adubação fosfatada é localizada próximo às plantas, o fósforo (P) pode interferir no crescimento e na morfologia do sistema radicular. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e as características morfológicas do sistema radicular de Eucalyptus dunnii com o uso de fosfato solúvel e natural. As amostras foram coletadas no ano de 2013 de um experimento instalado em 2010 no município de Otacílio Costa, SC. Foram coletadas amostras de quatro tratamentos: 1) testemunha sem P; 2) adubação com 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5, na forma de fosfato natural; 3) 75 kg ha-1 de P2O5, na forma de superfosfato triplo e; 4) 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5 de fosfato natural mais 75 kg ha-1 de P2O5 de fosfato solúvel, sendo essas doses escolhidas por representar a prática usual nos reflorestamentos da região. A coleta de raízes ocorreu 28 meses após o plantio das mudas e aplicação dos tratamentos com o auxílio de uma sonda de 40 mm de diâmetro. As amostras de solo e raízes foram coletas em três distâncias a partir do fuste (10, 60 e 120 cm) e em duas profundidades (0-10 e 10-20 cm). As raízes foram separadas em duas classes de diâmetro: 0 a 2 mm e 2 a 5 mm. Foram caracterizadas a massa seca de raízes, raio radicular, comprimento, volume e área radicular. No solo, foi determinado o teor de P disponível. O fosfato natural não estimulou o crescimento radicular e o fosfato solúvel foi a fonte que proporcionou melhor crescimento e desenvolvimento de raízes finas no Eucalyptus dunnii, sendo que a maior concentração dessas raízes está localizada próximo ao fuste e na camada mais superficial do solo.
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- 2017
20. Frações de fósforo após cultivos sucessivos de Pinus taeda L. sem fertilização
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, James Stahl, Luiz Paulo Rauber, Djalma Miller Chaves, Gustavo Brunetto, Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, Jaime Antonio de Almeida, Cristiane Ottes Vargas, and Jackson Adriano Albuquerque
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0106 biological sciences ,Soil test ,chemistry.chemical_element ,forest rotations ,phosphorus fractionation ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Human fertilization ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,successive crops ,rotações florestais ,Cambisol ,fracionamento de fósforo ,General Veterinary ,plantios sucessivos ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Chemical fractionation ,fungi ,labile phosphorus ,lcsh:S ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,%22">Pinus ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,fósforo lábil ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Pinus cultivation without fertilization is a common practice in southern Brazil, which can induce a decline in the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in phosphorus fractions in a Humic Cambisol subjected to continuous Pinus taeda L. cultivation without fertilization. Two forest stands were evaluated, after 16 years of Pinus cultivation (1st crop) and 49 years (3rd crop), when soil samples were collected (layers 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80cm) from six trenches per forest. In soil samples, the P contained in organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) forms was determined by sequential chemical fractionation. Labile inorganic P fractions remained unchanged after the different cultivation periods. However, the labile organic fractions declined from the first to the third cycle (from 70.6 to 39.8mg dm-3 in the 0-10cm layer), indicating that these forms influence the buffering capacity of labile Pi. The moderately labile organic P acted as a P drain, increasing its percentage of the total, from 34.7 to 56.3%, from the first to the third crop. Soil cultivation for 49 years with Pinus taeda resulted in a reduction of the organic P content, indicating that for this soil use, this P form should be used to diagnose P availability and fertilization requirements. RESUMO: O cultivo de Pinus sem uso de fertilização é uma prática comum no sul do Brasil e pode levar ao declínio da disponibilidade de fósforo (P) no solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as modificações nas frações de fósforo em Cambissolo submetido a sucessivos cultivos de Pinus taeda L. sem fertilização. Foram avaliadas duas florestas, com 16 anos de cultivo de Pinus (1o cultivo) e 49 anos (3o cultivo), onde amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 e 60-80cm, em seis trincheiras por floresta. Nas amostras de solo foram determinados os teores de P em formas orgânicas (Po) e inorgânicas (Pi) usando esquema de fracionamento químico sequencial. As frações inorgânicas lábeis de P não sofreram alterações com os diferentes tempos de cultivo, no entanto houve declínio das frações orgânicas lábeis do primeiro para o terceiro cultivo, passando de 70,6 para 39,8mg dm-3 na camada de 0-10cm, indicando que essas formas atuam no tamponamento do Pi lábil. O P orgânico moderadamente lábil atuou como um dreno de P, aumentando seu percentual em relação ao total, de 34,7 para 56,3%, do primeiro para o terceiro cultivo. O cultivo do solo por 49 anos com Pinus taeda provoca a diminuição do teor de fósforo orgânico lábil, indicando que para este tipo de uso do solo essa forma de fósforo deveria ser considerada para diagnóstico da disponibilidade de fósforo e necessidade de fertilização.
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- 2017
21. Ureia recoberta com cama de aviário como opção no controle de perdas de nitrogênio
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Jhonatan Orsolin, Luiz Paulo Rauber, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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nitrogênio mineral ,Environmental Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,volatilização ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Field capacity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,nitrificação ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,volatilization ,Water content ,Poultry litter ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Moisture ,Chemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Nitrogen ,nitrification ,mineral nitrogen ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,Litter ,Urea ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The volatilization of ammonia (NH3) and nitrate leaching (NH3-) are the main processes of nitrogen (N) loss in the soil. The objective of the study was to evaluate N losses by NH3 volatilization and mineral N transformations in the soil with urea coated with poultry litter (urea + litter) compared with other sources of N, under two moisture conditions. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment with a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replicates, five N sources (urea, SuperN®, Kimcoat®, urea + litter and control without fertilizer) and two moisture contents [80 and 100% of field capacity (FC)]. The total volatilized NH3 did not differ between the sources, regardless of the soil moisture condition, ranging from 10.8 to 13.2% of the total N applied. The transformation of NH4+ into NH3- did not vary between the sources, except for the control, but it differed between soil moisture contents, with equilibrium estimated at 31 and 38 days, in the treatments with 80 and 100% FC, respectively. The urea + litter has N losses by NH3 volatilization and speed of transformation of the soil mineral N similar to those of the other sources, and can be used to substitute them. RESUMO A volatilização de amônia (NH3) e lixiviação de nitrato (NH3-) são os principais processos de perda de nitrogênio (N) no solo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar perdas de N por volatilização de NH3 e as transformações do N mineral no solo com ureia recoberta com cama de aviário (ureia + cama) comparativamente a outras fontes de N, em duas condições de umidade. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente controlado com arranjo fatorial 5 x 2 com quatro repetições sendo cinco fontes de N (ureia, SuperN®, Kimcoat®, ureia + cama e testemunha sem fertilizante) e dois teores de umidade [80 e 100% da capacidade de campo (CC)]. O total de NH3 volatilizada não diferiu entre as fontes independente da condição de umidade do solo variando de 10,8 a 13,2% do total de N aplicado. A transformação do NH4+ em NH3- não variou entre as fontes, exceto a testemunha mas diferiu entre as umidades do solo com equilíbrio estimado aos 31 e 38 dias, nos tratamentos com 80 e 100% CC, respectivamente. A ureia + cama apresenta perdas de N por volatilização de NH3 e velocidade de transformação do N mineral do solo semelhante às demais fontes podendo ser utilizada em substituição a essas.
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- 2017
22. Formas de fósforo em folhas e suas relações com a composição do mosto e a produção em videiras
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Lessandro De Conti, Matheus Severo de Souza Kulmann, Rafael da Rosa Couto, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Luiza Michelon Somavilla, Rogério Piccin, Roque Junior Sartori Bellinaso, Gustavo Brunetto, and Lucas Antonio Telles Rodrigues
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0106 biological sciences ,Agriculture (General) ,adubação fosfatada ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fractionation ,produção de uva ,análise do mosto ,01 natural sciences ,S1-972 ,Veraison ,must analysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Yield (wine) ,Botany ,fracionamento químico de P no tecido ,Cultivar ,phosphorus fertilization ,Vitis vinifera ,Mathematics ,040101 forestry ,Phosphorus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Horticulture ,chemical fractionation of P in the tissue ,chemistry ,Anthocyanin ,grape production ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as formas de fósforo em folhas e suas relações com a composição do mosto e a produção em videiras cultivadas em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico típico, com diferentes teores de P disponível. Dois experimentos foram realizados com cultivares de Vitis vinifera, um com uvas 'Tannat' e outro com 'Cabernet Franc'. O experimento 1 consistiu de dois vinhedos de 'Tannat', com os seguintes teores de fósforo no solo: V1, 11,8 mg kg-1 de P; e V2, 34,6 mg kg-1 de P. O experimento 2 consistiu de dois vinhedos de 'Cabernet Franc', com os seguintes teores de fósforo no solo: V1, 16,0 mg kg-1 de P; e V2, 37,0 mg kg-1 de P. Coletaram-se as folhas ao florescimento (FL) e ao início da maturação (IM), e, após a preparação delas, analisaram-se as formas de P. A produtividade e a composição do mosto foram avaliadas. A maior produtividade foi observada no V2 do experimento 1 e no V2 do experimento 2. O teor total de P e suas formas nas folhas ao FL e IM não apresentam relação com os parâmetros produtivos; no entanto, o teor de P total nas folhas apresenta relação com o teor de antocianinas no mosto de videiras 'Tannat'. Portanto, o fracionamento de P nas folhas não prediz a produtividade da videira nem a composição do mosto.
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- 2017
23. Influência da adubação com dejeto suíno e adubo mineral adicionada de inibidor de nitrificação sobre a produtividade e a nutrição do milho
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Paulo Cezar Cassol, Celso Aita, Carmem Thayse de Freitas Alves, Paulo Roberto Ernani, Ana Karolina Teixeira Ferreira, Jonas Panisson, and Wagner Sacomori
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Agriculture (General) ,Veterinary medicine ,Randomized block design ,Soil Science ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,S1-972 ,Nutrient ,SF600-1100 ,Dry matter ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Manure ,Adubo Orgânico ,Agronomy ,Zea mays ,Shoot ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nitrification ,Esterco ,Fertilizer ,Dicianodiamida ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Organic fertilizer ,Food Science - Abstract
A suinocultura se destaca entre as atividades econômicas de Santa Catarina, tanto pelo número de animais criados, quanto pelo grande volume de dejeto líquido de suíno (DLS) que gera. O DLS possui valor fertilizante, porém seu uso excessivo ou inadequado pode poluir as águas superficiais e subterrâneas além de contribuir na emissão de gases do efeito estufa. Para avaliar a incorporação no solo e a adição de inibidor de nitrificação, como formas de aumentar a eficiência do DLS e de fertilizante mineral (NPK) como fontes de nitrogênio (N) e de outros nutrientes à cultura do milho, um experimento foi conduzido na região do Planalto de Santa Catarina. Os tratamentos compreenderam os fertilizantes DLS e NPK, a presença e ausência da dicianodiamida (DCD), testemunha e as formas de aplicação superficial (Sup) e incorporada (Inc) e foram organizados no delineamento blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. A incorporação dos fertilizantes aumentou o teor de N nas folhas, os rendimentos de fitomassa da parte aérea e de grãos e o acúmulo de N e K na fitomassa e de P nos grãos de milho. A DCD em geral não afetou o rendimento de grãos, exceto na aplicação superficial do DLS onde a sua presença aumentou o rendimento comparado à sua ausência. Os fertilizantes DLS e NPK mineral possuem eficiência semelhante que aumenta com a incorporação no solo comparada à aplicação em superfície.
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- 2017
24. Alterações químicas e avaliação de P disponível na região adjacente aos grânulos de superfosfato triplo e diamônio fosfato em solos ácidos
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Jaqueline Pereira Machado de Oliveira, Paulo Roberto Ernani, Angélica Pegoraro, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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Base (chemistry) ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,resina trocadora de ânions ,Calcium ,cátions trocáveis ,reações do fósforo ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Mehlich 1 ,Ammonium ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Chemical composition ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Mehlich-1 ,Phosphorus ,Soil type ,anion exchangeable resin ,lcsh:S1-972 ,diffusive flux ,chemistry ,Diammonium phosphate ,Soil water ,phosphorus reactions ,fluxo difusivo ,exchangeable cations ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
O P tem baixa mobilidade no solo resultando em altas concentrações nas regiões adjacentes aos grânulos de fertilizantes fosfatados. Isso pode interferir na disponibilidade de P e na composição química do solo nesses locais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição química do solo e a mobilidade de P nas adjacências de regiões fertilizadas com fosfatos de amônio ou de cálcio, em solos ácidos. Este trabalho foi realizado em 2009, com amostras de dois solos catarinenses. Os tratamentos consistiram de combinações de superfosfato triplo (SFT) ou de fosfato diamônico (DAP) com KCl, além de um controle somente com KCl. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por colunas de PVC com 10,0 cm de diâmetro e 12,0 cm de comprimento, preenchidas com 1,60 kg de solo (base úmida). Foram aplicadas quantidades equivalentes a 200 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e de K2O, considerando a área de contato superficial de solo de 10(4) m². Tentando simular a aplicação localizada de fertilizantes, essas quantidades foram estipuladas para contatarem com 357 m² de solo, tendo sido aplicadas 10,47; 9,56; e 7,33 g por coluna de SFT, DAP e KCl respectivamente, numa área de contato de 0,00785 m². Quarenta e cinco dias após a aplicação dos fertilizantes, as colunas foram desmontadas e o solo foi analisado a cada centímetro distante do local de aplicação dos grânulos. O P foi quantificado pelos métodos Mehlich-1 e da resina trocadora de ânions (RTA), numa sequencia de nove extrações cumulativas. O DAP aumentou o pH e diminuiu o Al nas adjacências dos grânulos, porém o SFT aumentou Ca e Mg. A quantidade cumulativa extraída de P variou com o tipo de adubo fosfatado, a distância dos grânulos, o tipo de solo e o método de extração. Na camada distante até 1,0 cm dos adubos, o SFT proporcionou os maiores valores de P, que chegaram a atingir 10.276 mg dm-3; nas duas camadas seguintes (1,0-2,0 e 2,0-3,0 cm), isso normalmente ocorreu com o DAP. O Mehlich-1 quantificou sempre mais P do que a RTA nas adjacências dos fertilizantes fosfatados. A movimentação do P nos dois solos ocorreu até o quarto centímetro distante do local de aplicação dos adubos, e a composição química nessas adjacências variou com o fertilizante fosfatado, o tipo de solo, o método de extração e a distância dos grânulos, mas necessita ser mais bem estudada. Phosphorus has low mobility in the soil. Thus, its concentration near the granules of phosphate fertilizers in the soil is very high, which may affect P availability and the soil chemical composition in these regions. This study was carried out to evaluate the soil chemical composition near the granules of calcium or ammonium phosphates and P mobility in two Brazilian acid soils. The experiment was carried out in 2009 and treatments consisted of a combination of triple superphosphate (TSP) or diammonium phosphate (DAP) with KCl, in addition to a control with only KCl. Each experimental unit was constituted by PVC columns (12 cm long and 10 cm in diameter), subsequently filled with 1.20 kg of soil (dry base). The amount of TSP, DAP and KCl applied to each experimental unit was 10.47, 9.56 and 7.33 g respectively, which, considering a soil volume of 2 x 10³ m³, would be equivalent to 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 200 kg ha-1 of K2O. Forty-five days after fertilizers application the soil volume in each centimeter distant from the granules was chemically quantified. For P, nine consecutive extractions were performed using the methods of Mehlich-1 and anion exchangeable resin (AER). DAP increased pH and decreased exchangeable Al near the granules while SFT increased both, Ca and Mg. The amount of cumulative P extracted varied with phosphate fertilizers, distance from the granules, soil type and extraction method. In the 0 to 1.0 cm layer distant from the granules TSP gave the highest P values, that reached up to 10,276 mg dm-3; in the two following layers (1.0 to 2,0 and 2.0 to 3.0 cm), this occurred with DAP. Mehlich-1 always quantified more P than AER in the soil near the phosphate fertilizers. The movement of P in both soils occurred until the fourth centimeter away from the granules and the soil chemical composition in these regions varied with the phosphate fertilizer, soil type, extraction method and distance from the granules, which needs to be better studied.
- Published
- 2014
25. Formas de fósforo no solo sob pastagens naturais submetidas à adição de fosfatos
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Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Gustavo Brunetto, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, José Pedro Pereira Trindade, Fernando Luiz Ferreira de Quadros, Leandro Bittencourt de Oliveira, and Tales Tiecher
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grassland ecosystems ,disponibilidade de fósforo ,Soil Science ,fósforo microbiano ,ecossistemas campestres ,fosfato solúvel e natural ,microbial phosphorus ,phosphorus availability ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,lcsh:S1-972 ,rock and soluble phosphate - Abstract
A maioria das pastagens naturais no bioma Campos no sul do Brasil cresce em solos com baixa disponibilidade de fósforo (P), mas com altos teores de P total e de P orgânico. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações nas formas de P no solo, ao longo de um ciclo de crescimento de pastagens naturais, decorrentes da aplicação de fontes de fosfato. Em três experimentos instalados em áreas de pastagem natural, foi aplicado P nas formas de hiperfosfato de Gafsa, superfosfato triplo e testemunha, arranjados em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Nos experimentos instalados no município de Candiota, RS, em pastagens naturais sob Luvissolo Úmbrico e Neossolo Litólico, foram aplicados 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 em setembro de 2010. Na pastagem sob Argissolo Vermelho no município de Santa Maria, RS, foram aplicados 180, 90, 100 e 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 nos anos de 1997, 1998, 2002 e 2010, respectivamente. Amostras de solo foram coletadas (0-10 cm) ao longo da estação de crescimento da pastagem (0, 55, 116, 171 e 232 dias, após aplicação do fosfato em Candiota; e 0, 50, 83, 129, 159 e 186 dias, após aplicação do fosfato em Santa Maria). Foram analisados os teores de P disponível por resina de troca aniônica, o P imobilizado na biomassa microbiana do solo, o P extraído por NaOH 0,1 mol L-1, o P orgânico total e o P total. Os teores de P disponível aumentaram rapidamente com a aplicação de fosfato solúvel, mas no final do período de avaliação esses se equivaleram ao do fosfato natural, que foi semelhante à testemunha. A aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados sob pastagens naturais com baixa disponibilidade de P aumentou a importância das frações inorgânicas lábeis às plantas, tornando-as menos dependentes da mineralização das frações orgânicas. As frações orgânicas, inclusive o P microbiano, não são bons indicadores da biodisponibilidade de P em pastagens naturais sob Argissolos, Neossolos e Luvissolos do sul do Brasil fertilizadas com fosfatos. Most natural pastures in the Campos biome in Southern Brazil grow in soils with low phosphorus (P) availability, but with high contents of total and organic P. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in forms of soil P resulting from the application of phosphate sources over a growth cycle of natural pastures. In three experiments under natural pasture, P was applied in the form of Gafsa rock phosphate, triple superphosphate, and a control treatment in a randomized block design with three replications. In the trials carried out in natural pastures in the municipality of Candiota (RS) in an Alfisol and an Entisol, 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 was applied in September 2010. In natural pasture in an Ultisol in the municipality of Santa Maria (RS), 180, 90, 100, and 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5 were applied in the years 1997, 1998, 2002, and 2010, respectively. Soil samples were collected (0-10 cm) throughout the natural grassland growing season (0, 55, 116, 171, and 232 days after P application at Candiota and 0, 50, 83, 129, 159, and 186 days after application of phosphate at Santa Maria). The levels of available P were analyzed by anion exchange resin, as well as P immobilized in the soil microbial biomass, P extracted by 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH, total organic P, and total P. The available P content increased rapidly with the application of soluble phosphate, but at the end of the evaluation period it was equivalent to the Gafsa rock phosphate, which was similar to the control. The application of phosphate fertilizers on natural pastures with low P availability increased the importance of the labile inorganic P forms to the plants, making them less dependent on the mineralization of organic P fractions. The organic fractions, including microbial P, are not good indicators of the bioavailability of P in natural pastures under Alfisols, Entisols, and Ultisols in Southern Brazil fertilized with phosphates.
- Published
- 2014
26. Partial substitution of soluble phosphate by rock phosphate in the planting of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii in southern Brazil
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, David José Miquelluti, Djalma Miler Chaves, Luciana Patrícia Rosa Dias, Paulo Roberto Ernani, and Gustavo Brunetto
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fosfatos de rocha ,Chemistry ,Soil Science ,fosfatos naturais ,phosphate fertilizers ,Phosphate fertilizer ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Triple superphosphate ,Horticulture ,rock phosphates ,eucalyptus ,eucalipto ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,adubação de plantio ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,fertilization at planting - Abstract
A adubação fosfatada é importante para o crescimento inicial do eucalipto, porque suplementa o solo na fase de maior demanda da cultura. O fosfato solúvel (FS) é a fonte comumente utilizada para esse fim, pois apresenta dissolução rápida no solo; contudo, tem custo mais elevado que os fosfatos naturais (FNs), que por sua vez têm dissolução mais lenta. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de FN como substituinte parcial do FS para o fornecimento de P para Eucalyptus benthamii e E. dunnii. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos no campo, um com cada espécie, no município de Otacílio Costa, SC, no período de novembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Na parcela principal, testou-se a presença ou ausência do FN (0 ou 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5, usando a fonte FN de Bayovar) e nas subparcelas testaram-se as doses de FS (0, 75; 150; e 300 kg ha-1 de P2O5, usando a fonte superfosfato triplo). Foram realizadas medidas de diâmetro à altura do colo e altura das árvores aos 340 dias, após a aplicação das fontes de P. Os resultados evidenciaram que a adubação fosfatada aumentou o crescimento em diâmetro e altura e incrementou o volume das plantas de E. benthamii e E. dunnii, durante o primeiro ano de cultivo. O E. benthamii foi mais exigente à adubação fosfatada, mas permitiu a substituição parcial da dose de fosfato solúvel por fonte de menor solubilidade. Não houve resposta do E. dunnii à aplicação de fosfato natural, devendo a adubação ser realizada com fosfato solúvel. Phosphorus fertilization is important for the initial growth of eucalyptus. Soluble phosphate (SP) sources are commonly used for this purpose because they offer fast dissolution in the soil, but these sources have higher costs than rock phosphate (RP), which has lower solubility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of RP as a partial substitute for SP for the initial supply of P to Eucalyptus benthamii and E. dunnii. Two field experiments were carried out (one with each species) in the municipality of Otacílio Costa, SC, Brazil, from November 2010 to December 2011. A randomized block experimental design in a split plot arrangement with three replications was used. In the main plot, the presence or absence of RP (0 or 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5 using Bayovar as a P source) was tested, and in the subplots, application rates of SP (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg ha-1 P2O5, using triple superphosphate) were tested. The diameter was measured at the root collar as well as tree height at 340 days after applying the P sources. The results showed that P fertilization promoted plant growth in diameter and height, increasing the volume of E. benthamii and E. dunnii during the first year of cultivation. E. benthamii was more demanding in P, but allowed partial replacement of soluble phosphate by a source with lower solubility. There was no response from E. dunnii to the application of rock phosphate, and fertilization should be performed only with soluble phosphates.
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- 2014
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27. Phosphorus application and liming effects on forage production, floristic composition and soil chemical properties in the Campos biome, southern Brazil
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Gustavo Brunetto, Tales Tiecher, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, Leandro Bittencourt de Oliveira, João Kaminski, F. L. F. Quadros, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Phosphorus ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Forage ,Lolium multiflorum ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Phosphate ,complex mixtures ,Grassland ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Phosphorite ,Soil pH ,engineering ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Lime - Abstract
Studies of responses of native and introduced grassland species to lime and phosphorus (P) applications could contribute to improved understanding of the potential production of South American natural grasslands. To determine the effect of applying lime and different P sources on forage production, diversity and floristic composition, and on soil chemical properties, a small-plot experiment was conducted over 12 years in natural grassland oversown with Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium vesiculosum in the Campos of southern Brazil. In treatments with soluble phosphate application, dry-matter (DM) yield in November 2008, after 164 d of winter and early spring growth, increased from 2·3 to 3·2 t ha−1. Differences in DM yield in March 2009, after 111 d of growth during late spring and early summer, were not significant. The DM yield in April 2010, after 419 d of growth, increased from 7·7 to 9·2 t ha−1 in the treatments with P, regardless of the P source. Increased forage yield during the slow growth period in winter was only possible with the introduction of winter-growing species (L. multiflorum and T. vesiculosum) and soluble phosphate application. Assessment of annual forage yield showed that the effectiveness of Gafsa rock phosphate was equivalent to that of soluble phosphates in the long term. Soluble phosphates and liming modified the botanical composition of natural Campos grassland in the long term, but floristic diversity was not altered.
- Published
- 2013
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28. Spectroscopic quantification of soil phosphorus forms by 31p-nmr after nine years of organic or mineral fertilization
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Alex F. C. Flores, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Milton da Veiga, João Kaminski, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, Gustavo Brunetto, Carla Maria Pandolfo, André Carlos Cruz Copetti, Maria Angélica Silveira de Lima, and Eduardo Girotto
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fertilizantes orgânicos ,glicerofosfato ,organic fertilization ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Pyrophosphate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Human fertilization ,phytate ,estercos ,fitato ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Poultry litter ,organic phosphorus ,Phosphorus ,glycerophosphate ,fósforo orgânico ,Manure ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,manure ,Soil water ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Long-standing applications of mineral fertilizers or types of organic wastes such as manure can cause phosphorus (P) accumulation and changes in the accumulated P forms in the soil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the forms of P accumulated in soils treated with mineral fertilizer or different types of manure in a long-term experiment. Soil was sampled from the 0-5 cm layer of plots fertilized with five different nutrient sources for nine years: 1) control without fertilizer; 2) mineral fertilizer at recommended rates for local conditions; 3) 5 t ha-1 year-1 of moist poultry litter; 4) 60 m³ ha-1 year-1 of liquid cattle manure and 5) 40 m³ ha-1 year-1 of liquid swine manure. The 31P-NMR spectra of soil extracts detected the following P compounds: orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, inositol phosphate, glycerophosphate, and DNA. The use of organic or mineral fertilizer over nine years did not change the soil P forms but influenced their concentration. Fertilization with mineral or organic fertilizers stimulated P accumulation in inorganic forms. Highest inositol phosphate levels were observed after fertilization with any kind of manure and highest organic P concentration in glycerophosphate form in after mineral or no fertilization.
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- 2013
29. Phosphorus fractions in sandy soils of vineyards in southern Brazil
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Felipe Lorensini, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Eduardo Girotto, Renato Guardini, Jucinei José Comin, Janaina Heinzen, Gustavo Brunetto, Tales Tiecher, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, and George Wellington Bastos de Melo
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Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lcsh:S1-972 ,adubação fosfatada ,phosphate fertilization ,vineyards ,Horticulture ,eutrofização ,vinhedos ,eutrophication ,Agronomy ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
As aplicacoes de fosforo (P) em vinhedos podem causar o acumulo desse nutriente no solo e maximizar seu potencial poluente. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar as fracoes de acumulacao de P em solos arenosos cultivados com videiras na regiao Sul do Brasil. Para isso, amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-5, 6-10 e 11-20 cm em uma area de campo nativo e em dois vinhedos: um com 14 anos de cultivo (vinhedo 1) e outro com 30 anos (vinhedo 2), localizados no municipio de Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. As amostras foram secas, moidas e submetidas ao fracionamento quimico de P. Os resultados evidenciaram que os teores de P inorgânico aumentaram ate 20 cm de profundidade, principalmente no vinhedo 2, em especial nas fracoes labeis extraidas por resina de troca anionica e por NaHCO3, na fracao moderadamente labil, extraida por NaOH 0,1 e 0,5 mol L-1, e na fracao nao labil, extraida por HCl 1 mol L-1, representando potencial de eutroficacao das aguas. As aplicacoes de fertilizantes fosfatados na adubacao de correcao e de manutencao nos vinhedos com maior tempo de cultivo aumentaram os teores de P na fracao orgânica extraida por NaHCO3 na camada de 0-5 cm, e na fracao moderadamente labil extraida por NaOH 0,1 mol L-1, ate 20 cm de profundidade.
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- 2013
30. Concentração de nutrientes na solução do subsolo de lavoura fertilizada com dejeto suíno
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David José Miquelutti, Paulo Roberto Ernani, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Paulo Cezar Cassol, Jucinei José Comin, and Wagner Sacomori
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Agriculture (General) ,Veterinary medicine ,Soil Science ,Mineralogy ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,S1-972 ,Animal science ,adubo orgânico ,SF600-1100 ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Subsoil ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Manure ,Zea mays ,Oxisol ,Lysimeter ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Soil horizon ,poluição da água ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Esterco ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Organic fertilizer ,Food Science - Abstract
O expressivo crescimento e a concentração regional da suinocultura no Brasil elevam os riscos de poluição do solo e da água pelo excesso de dejeto líquido de suíno (DLS) aplicado em lavouras. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do DLS na concentração de elementos na água percolada em solo sob diferentes doses desse resíduo num experimento a campo conduzido no sistema de plantio direto milho - aveia, sob Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Os tratamentos consistiram em aplicações anuais de DLS nas doses 0, 50, 100 e 200 m³ ha-1; adubo mineral solúvel (AM); e DLS combinado com adubo mineral solúvel (DLS+AM), organizados no delineamento blocos completos com quatro repetições. Foram determinadas as concentrações de N mineral, P, K, Ca e Mg na solução do solo extraída por lisímetros de sucção nas profundidades de 0,4 e 0,8 m durante o 13º ano após o início das aplicações. As concentrações de N-NH4+ na solução foram maiores nas doses 100 e 200 m³ ha-1 de DLS e também quando houve aplicação de N mineral em cobertura. A dose 200 m³ ha-1 também promoveu maior concentração de N-NO3- que os demais tratamentos. A concentração de N-NH4+ foi menor do que o de N-NO3-, apesar do N do DLS ocorrer predominantemente na forma de N-NH4+. Os valores de P na solução do solo foram inferiores ao limite de detecção do método utilizado para a sua respectiva análise, indicando que não houve excesso desse nutriente na solução do solo nas profundidades avaliadas. As concentrações de K+, Ca+2 e Mg+2 na solução do solo aumentaram com as doses de DLS, evidenciando que o uso prolongado desse resíduo promove a movimentação desses cátions básicos para camadas inferiores do perfil do solo. O aumento da dose de DLS aplicada aumenta as perdas de N na forma de nitrato e de cátions básicos (K+, Ca+2 e Mg+2) por lixiviação.
- Published
- 2016
31. Changes in soil acidity and organic carbon in a sandy typic hapludalf after medium-term pig-slurry and deep-litter application
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Renato Guardini, Bruno Salvador Oliveira, Célito Pescador Mezzari, Paulo Emílio Lovato, Carlos Alberto Ceretta, Marcel Pires de Moraes, Jucinei José Comin, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, and Gustavo Brunetto
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esterco ,sistema plantio direto ,water pH ,Soil Science ,Nutrient ,no tillage ,Soil pH ,Cation-exchange capacity ,base saturation ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Total organic carbon ,saturação por alumínio ,Chemistry ,Deep litter ,pH em água ,aluminum saturation ,lcsh:S1-972 ,saturação por bases ,Agronomy ,manure ,Environmental chemistry ,Slurry ,Soil horizon ,Saturation (chemistry) ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Successive applications of liquid swine waste to the soil can increase the contents of total organic carbon and nutrients and change acidity-related soil chemical properties. However, little information is available on the effects of swine waste application in solid form, as of swine deep-litter. The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations of organic carbon and acidity-related properties of a soil after eight years of pig slurry and deep-litter application. In the eighth year of a field experiment established in Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina (SC) on a sandy Typic Hapludalf samples were taken (layers 0-2.5; 2.5-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20 and 20-30 cm) from unfertilized plots and plots with pig slurry or deep-litter applications, providing the simple or double rate of N requirement of Zea mays and Avena strigosa in rotation. Soil total organic carbon, water pH, exchangeable Al, Ca and Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CECeffective and CECpH7.0), H+Al, base saturation, and aluminum saturation were measured. The application of pig slurry and deep-litter for eight years increased total organic carbon and CEC in all soil layers. The pig slurry and deep-litter applications reduced active acidity and aluminum saturation and increased base saturation down to a depth of 30 cm. Eight years of pig slurry application did not affect soil acidity. As aplicações sucessivas de dejetos de suínos, na forma líquida, podem incrementar os teores de carbono orgânico total no solo e de nutrientes, bem como alterar os atributos relacionados à acidez do solo, porém há pouca informação acerca do efeito do uso de cama sobreposta de suínos sobre os atributos da acidez do solo e o carbono orgânico. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a alteração nos teores de carbono orgânico e nos atributos relacionados à acidez em um solo com histórico de aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos e cama sobreposta. Após oito anos da instalação de um experimento localizado no município de Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina (SC), sobre um Argissolo Vermelho, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-2,5, 2,5-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 e 20-30 cm, em tratamentos sem aplicação de dejeto e com a aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos e de cama sobreposta de suínos em duas doses: para suprir uma e duas vezes a necessidade de N para a sucessão milho e aveia-preta. O solo foi seco, moído, passado em peneira e submetido à análise de carbono orgânico total, pH em água, Al, Ca e Mg trocáveis; com base nos dados obtidos, calcularam-se a capacidade de troca de cátions efetiva (CTCefetiva) e a pH 7.0 (CTCpH7,0), H+Al e a saturação por bases e Al. Os resultados mostram que as aplicações de dejetos líquidos de suínos e cama sobreposta durante oito anos aumentaram o teor de COT e a CTC no solo até a profundidade de 30 cm. A aplicação de cama sobreposta de suínos diminuiu os valores de acidez ativa e de saturação por Al e aumentou os valores de saturação por bases até 30 cm de profundidade. O uso de dejetos líquidos por oito anos não provocou nem acidificação nem correção da acidez do solo, indicando que o efeito desse resíduo nos atributos da acidez do solo foi pequeno ou nulo.
- Published
- 2012
32. Método Mehlich 3 como substituinte ao HCl para extração de Cobre e Zinco em solos com alto teor de matéria orgânica do sul do Brasil
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Daniel Linhares, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Evandro Luiz Schoninger
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Veterinary ,Soil test ,Soil organic matter ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Soil chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mineralogy ,Soil classification ,Zinc ,Copper ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Organic matter ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
No presente trabalho, foram comparados dois métodos de extração de cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) em solos com teor de matéria orgânica (MO) maior que 50g kg-1. Os métodos de extração comparados foram: Extração com HCl 0,1mol L-1 (método padrão para os estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina) e Mehlich 3. Este trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Química e Fertilidade do Solo da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), no ano de 2009. As duas metodologias de extração foram aplicadas em 286 amostras de solo provenientes do Laboratório de Análise do Solo da UDESC, todas com mais de 50g kg-1 de MO. Os teores de cobre e zinco nos extratos foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama. Os resultados mostraram que houve correlação significativa entre os métodos, Cu (r=0,80) e Zn (r=0,93). A solução de Mehlich 3 extraiu mais cobre e menos zinco, quando comparada à solução de HCl 0,1mol L-1. O Mehlich 3 demonstrou ser eficiente na extração de cobre e zinco em solos com alto teor de MO, podendo substituir o método atual.
- Published
- 2012
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33. Accumulation of phosphorus fractions in typic Hapludalf soil after long-term application of pig slurry and deep pig litter in a no-tillage system
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Célito Pescador Mezzari, Gustavo Brunetto, Bruno Salvador Oliveira, Marcos Antonio Bender, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos, Renato Guardini, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Tales Tiecher, and Jucinei José Comin
- Subjects
Soil test ,Phosphorus ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Contamination ,Manure ,Tillage ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Litter ,Slurry ,Soil horizon ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
In this paper we explore the accumulation of different phosphorus (P) fractions in soil submitted to successive applications of pig slurry (PS) and deep pig litter (DL). After 88 months of no-till crop cycles, soil samples were collected in the following treatments: control (C), PS applications equivalent to 90 and 180 kg N ha−1 (PS90 and PS180), and DL applications equivalent to 90 and 180 kg N ha−1 (DL90 and DL180). The cumulative application of P of the C, PS90, PS180, DL90 and DL180 treatment was 0, 303, 606, 825 and 1650 kg P ha−1, respectively. The soil samples were then submitted to P chemical fractionation. Successive applications of 303 and 606 kg P ha−1 in PS form and 825 and 1.650 kg P ha−1 in DL form increased P levels down to 20 cm depth, especially in the labile inorganic fraction extracted by anion exchange resin and 0.5 M NaHCO3 and to a lesser extent extracted by 0.1 M NaOH. Successive additions of PS180 and DL180 increased the levels of organic P extracted by 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH and 0.5 M NaOH, and successive applications of PS and DL caused P accumulation in the soil profile, especially in labile fractions. This increased the availability to plants, but also increases the potential for environmental contamination.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Volatilização de amônia em solos alagados influenciada pela forma de aplicação de ureia
- Author
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Jac J. Varco, Paulo Roberto Ernani, Ronaldir Knoblauch, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Larry Jason Krutz, Francisco Carlos Deschamps, and Timothy W. Walker
- Subjects
Soil Science ,irrigated rice ,adubação nitrogenada ,nitrogen fertilization ,Ammonia volatilization from urea ,arroz irrigado ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Field capacity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ammonia ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,perdas de N ,Soil water ,Urea ,Ammonium ,Nitrification ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,N losses ,Entisol - Abstract
A volatilização de amônia (NH3) e a nitrificação seguida pela desnitrificação são os principais mecanismos de perdas de N nos solos alagados destinados ao cultivo do arroz. Se os fertilizantes nitrogenados não forem manejados adequadamente, os índices de recuperação de N pelas plantas serão muito baixos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a volatilização de amônia em solos alagados influenciada pela forma de aplicação de ureia, em casa de vegetação. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo um em Cambissolo (Thermic Vertic Haplaquepts), no Estado do Mississippi, EUA, e outro em Gleissolo (Entisol Aeric Typic), em Santa Catarina, Brasil. A captação de amônia foi realizada por esponjas acidificadas, colocadas dentro de tubos de PVC (15 cm de diâmetro e 60 cm de altura) encravados dentro de baldes com 15 cm de espessura de solo, sem a presença de plantas. Em cada vaso, foram aplicados 353 mg de N, equivalente a 200 kg ha-1 de N, nas seguintes formas: ureia sólida aplicada sobre a superfície do solo úmido, sem alagamento posterior; ureia solubilizada em água deionizada e aplicada sobre a lâmina de água de alagamento; ureia sólida aplicada sobre a lâmina de água de alagamento; ureia incorporada na lama, seguida de alagamento; ureia aplicada sobre solo seco, seguida de alagamento 48 h depois; e uma testemunha alagada (sem N). As esponjas captadoras de amônia foram trocadas ao serem completados 1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 17 e 22 dias de alagamento, e nelas determinou-se a quantidade de amônia volatilizada. Na água de alagamento do solo, determinaram-se o pH e a concentração de amônio. A emissão de amônia variou com a forma de aplicação da ureia, e o comportamento foi similar nos dois solos. A volatilização de amônia na testemunha foi insignificante. Nos tratamentos com ureia, as menores perdas ocorreram quando ela foi incorporada na lama (com posterior alagamento) seguida pela aplicação em solo seco com alagamento 48 h após, tendo atingido, respectivamente, 4 e 15 % do N aplicado no Cambissolo (CXbe) e 6 e 10 % no Gleissolo (GXbd). As maiores perdas ocorreram quando a ureia foi aplicada na lâmina de água, tanto na forma líquida (34 % no CXbe e 38 % no GXbd) quanto na sólida (29 % no CXbe e 37 % no GXbd), seguida pela ureia aplicada em solo úmido, sem alagamento (26 % no CXbe e 22 % no GXbd). A fim de evitar excessiva volatilização de amônia em solos cultivados com arroz no sistema inundado, a ureia deve ser aplicada na lama ou em condições de solo seco e, em ambos os casos, seguida de alagamento imediato. Ammonia volatilization and nitrification/denitrification are the two major N loss mechanisms in rice production. If N fertilizer is not managed appropriately, N recovery by rice plants can be low. The purpose of this study was to quantify ammonia volatilization in flooded soils influenced by the urea application method. A greenhouse study was conducted to quantify the potential of N loss via ammonia volatilization in flooded soils influenced by the urea application method. Two experiments were carried out, one in Mississippi, USA, with a thermic Vertic Haplaquepts and one in Santa Catarina, Brazil, with an Entisol Aeric soil, respectively. Ammonia was trapped in sponge sorbers impregnated with phosphoric acid and placed in PVC tubes (diameter 15 cm, length 60 cm), which were set in buckets containing a 15 cm soil layer without plants. Urea was applied at a rate of 353 mg/pot of N, equivalent to 200 kg ha-1 N, as follows: 1) a non-treated control (0 N); 2) urea applied to the surface of moist soil (80 % of field capacity) without flooding; 3) urea solubilized in deionized water and applied to the flood water; 4) prilled urea, applied to the flood water; 5) urea incorporated into mud followed by soil flooding and 6) urea applied on the surface of a dry soil followed by flooding 48 hours later. The sorbers were exchanged 1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 17, and 22 days after urea application. Water pH and ammonium concentration were determined in the flood water above the soil surface. Ammonia emission varied with the form of urea application, similarly in both soils. N losses were negligible in the control. Losses were lowest when urea was incorporated into mud followed by soil flooding and second lowest when applied to dry soil followed by flooding 48 h later (losses of, respectively, 4 and 15 % from the USA soil and 6 and 10 % from the Brazilian soil). Losses were highest when urea was applied to the flood water, be it in liquid (34 % in Mississsippi and 38 % in Santa Catarina) or in solid form (29 % in Mississsippi and 37 % in Santa Catarina), followed by urea applied to wet soil without flooding (26 % in Mississsippi and 22 % in Santa Catarina). In conclusion, to avoid excessive ammonia loss from waterlogged soils, urea should be incorporated into the mud or applied to dry soil, followed by immediate flooding in both cases.
- Published
- 2012
35. Rhizosphere pH and phosphorus forms in an Oxisol cultivated with soybean, brachiaria grass, millet and sorghum
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Evandro Luiz Schoninger, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Paulo Roberto Ernani
- Subjects
Rhizosphere ,biology ,Phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,rhizospheric soil ,biology.organism_classification ,Sorghum ,phosphorus fractionation ,Brachiaria ,lcsh:S1-972 ,cover plants ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Phosphorite ,Oxisol ,Soil pH ,rock phosphate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Pennisetum ,Brazilian savanna soils - Abstract
Plants have shown different responses to fertilization with rock phosphate, including responses through alteration of the attributes of rhizospheric soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil pH alterations and alterations in the contents of forms of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of soil fertilized with rock phosphate as a result of cultivation of species of plants. An experiment was developed under greenhouse conditions to evaluate alterations in the pH and in the forms of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of an Oxisol fertilized with rock phosphate and cultivated with four species. Treatments consisted of the cultivation of four species of soybean - Glycine max (L.) Merrill, brachiaria grass - Brachiaria brizantha Hochst Stapf, millet - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown, and sorghum - Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench grown in PVC columns filled with soil and divided with a nylon screen (25 µm mesh) to impede root growth in part of the column. After 45 days of cultivation, the soil was divided into the layers of 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-7, 7-9, and 9-14 mm from the rhizoplane and air dried to determine pH and P contents through Hedley fractionation. In the 1-2 and 2-3 mm layers, soybean cultivation caused an increase in pH when compared to the control treatment (without plants). In the other layers, there were no alterations in pH due to cultivation of plants. The cultivation of millet, brachiaria grass, and sorghum reduced the inorganic P content in the most labile forms only in the 0-1 mm layer from the rhizoplane.
- Published
- 2012
36. Volatilização de amônia do solo após a aplicação de ureia convencional ou com inibidor de urease
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Paulo Roberto Ernani, Paulo Cezar Cassol, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Francis Alex Tasca, and Douglas Antonio Rogeri
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Urease ,biology ,temperatura ,pH ,Soil Science ,formas de aplicação de adubos ,engineering.material ,Ammonia volatilization from urea ,lcsh:S1-972 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ammonia ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Soil pH ,Soil water ,Urea ,engineering ,biology.protein ,Fertilizer ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water content ,fertilizantes nitrogenados - Abstract
Volatilização de NH3 é a principal reação que diminui a eficiência de utilização pelas plantas do N proveniente da ureia, quando ela é aplicada sobre a superfície do solo. A fim de minimizar essa perda, produtos têm sido misturados à ureia para inibir temporariamente a ação da urease. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar alternativas de aplicação de um fertilizante com inibidor de urease, visando a diminuir a volatilização de NH3 relativamente à ureia convencional, em algumas condições ambientais e de solo. Foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos, todos em condições de laboratório, em 2007 e 2008, em Cambissolo Húmico. Os tratamentos variaram em cada estudo e incluíram combinações de níveis de pH do solo (natural; 5,5; 6,3; e 6,8), umidade do solo (5, 10 ou 20 % de água) e temperaturas ambientais (18 e 35 ºC), além de estados físicos (sólido ou líquido) e de métodos de aplicação dos fertilizantes (na superfície ou incorporado ao solo). As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por bandejas plásticas (23 x 51 x 17 cm) com 12 kg de solo, numa espessura de 15 cm, sobre as quais foram instaladas câmaras coletoras de NH3. A amônia volatilizada foi determinada em várias épocas, nos primeiros 28 dias após a aplicação dos fertilizantes. O pico de volatilização diária de NH3 ocorreu sempre na primeira semana depois da adição dos fertilizantes ao solo, e aconteceu dois a três dias mais tarde para a ureia com inibidor de urease, em relação à ureia convencional. A volatilização de NH3 nem sempre foi maior para a ureia convencional em comparação ao fertilizante contendo inibidor de urease, tampouco para o estado líquido em relação ao granulado. A volatilização de NH3 aumentou com a elevação do pH, da temperatura e da dose aplicada de N e foi menor nos extremos de umidade (solo com 5 % ou com 20 % de água). Para os fertilizantes aplicados sobre a superfície do solo, a taxa máxima de perda diária foi correspondente a 14 kg ha-1 de N, e a perda total acumulada variou de 2 a 50 % do N aplicado, dependendo principalmente do estado físico em que o fertilizante foi aplicado, da umidade do solo e da temperatura ambiente. A incorporação dos fertilizantes amídicos ao solo foi a maneira mais eficaz de minimizar as perdas de N por volatilização.
- Published
- 2011
37. Potassium availability in a hapludalf soil under long term fertilization
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Diovane Freire Moterle, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, João Kaminski, and Gustavo Brunetto
- Subjects
potassium export by plants ,Soil test ,potassium fertilization ,Crop yield ,Soil Science ,Soil classification ,Human fertilization ,Agronomy ,potassium critical level ,Soil horizon ,Environmental science ,Dry matter ,Soil fertility ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Plant nutrition - Abstract
In a system in which fertilization is recommended, diagnosis of soil K availability and the establishment of critical levels are made difficult by the possibility of a contribution of non-exchangeable forms of K for plant nutrition. Due to its magnitude, this contribution is well diagnosed in long term experiments and in those which compare fertilization systems with positive and negative balances in terms of replacement of the K extracted by plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate K availability in a Hapludalf under fertilization for sixteen years with the addition of K doses. The study was undertaken in an experiment set up in 1991 and carried out until 2007 in the experimental area of the Soil Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM), in Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. The soil was a Typic Hapludalf submitted to four doses of K (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O) and subdivided in the second year, when 60 kg ha-1 of K2O were reapplied in the subplots in 0, 1, 2 and 3 times. As of the fifth year, the procedure was repeated. Grain yield above ground dry matter and total K content contained in the plant tissue were evaluated. Soil samples were collected, oven dried, ground, passed through a sieve and submitted to exchangeable K analysis by the Mehlich-1 extractor; non-exchangeable K by boiling HNO3 1 mol L-1 and total K by HF digestion. Potassium fertilization guidelines should foresee the establishment of a critical level as of which the recommended dose should accompany crop needs, which coincides with the quantity exported by the grain, without there being the need for the creation of broad ranges of K availability to predict K fertilization. In adopting the K fertilization recommendations proposed in this manner, there will not be K translocation in the soil profile.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Cover Crops Effects on Soil Chemical Properties and Onion Yield
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Gustavo Brunetto, Paulo Emílio Lovato, Arcângelo Loss, Bruno Salvador Oliveira, Jucinei José Comin, Monique Souza, Rodolfo Assis de Oliveira, Claudinei Kurtz, and Vilmar Müller Júnior
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Nutrient cycle ,Inceptisol ,Allium cepa ,biology ,Chemistry ,Crop yield ,Soil Science ,nutrient cycling ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Shoot ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Allium ,Transplanting ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Cover crop ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,no-till system ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cover crops contribute to nutrient cycling and may improve soil chemical properties and, consequently, increase crop yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate cover crop residue decomposition and nutrient release, and the effects of these plants on soil chemical properties and on onion (Allium cepa L.) yield in a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in an Inceptisol in southern Brazil, where cover crops were sown in April 2012 and 2013. In July 2013, shoots of weeds (WD), black oats (BO), rye (RY), oilseed radish (RD), oilseed radish + black oats (RD + BO), and oilseed radish + rye (RD + RY) were cut at ground level and part of these material from each treatment was placed in litter bags. The litter bags were distributed on the soil surface and were collected at 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after distribution (DAD). The residues in the litter bags were dried, weighed, and ground, and then analyzed to quantify lignin, cellulose, non-structural biomass, total organic carbon (TOC), N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. In November 2012 and 2013, onion crops were harvested to quantify yield, and bulbs were classified according to diameter, and the number of rotted and flowering bulbs was determined. Soil in the 0.00-0.10 m layer was collected for chemical analysis before transplanting and after harvesting onion in December 2012 and 2013. The rye plant residues presented the highest half-life and they released less nutrients until 90 DAD. The great permanence of rye residue was considered a protection to soil surface, the opposite was observed with spontaneous vegetation. The cultivation and addition of dry residue of cover crops increased the onion yield at 2.5 Mg ha-1.
- Published
- 2016
39. LIMITES CRÍTICOS AMBIENTAIS DE FÓSFORO NO SOLO PARA AVALIAR SEU RISCO DE TRANSFERÊNCIA PARA ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL
- Author
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Clovisson Menotti Boeira de Oliveira, Djalma Eugênio Schmitt, Paulo Cezar Cassol, T. J. Smyth, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
- Subjects
Soil test ,Soil texture ,swine manure ,eutroficação ,Soil Science ,poluição ambiental ,Soil science ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Leaching model ,Field capacity ,eutrophication ,dejeto de suínos ,Oxisol ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Cation-exchange capacity ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,environmental pollution ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Water content - Abstract
The State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, has agricultural and livestock activities, such as pig farming, that are responsible for adding large amounts of phosphorus (P) to soils. However, a method is required to evaluate the environmental risk of these high soil P levels. One possible method for evaluating the environmental risk of P fertilization, whether organic or mineral, is to establish threshold levels of soil available P, measured by Mehlich-1 extractions, below which there is not a high risk of P transfer from the soil to surface waters. However, the Mehlich-1 extractant is sensitive to soil clay content, and that factor should be considered when establishing such P-thresholds. The objective of this study was to determine P-thresholds using the Mehlich-1 extractant for soils with different clay contents in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Soil from the B-horizon of an Oxisol with 800 g kg-1 clay was mixed with different amounts of sand to prepare artificial soils with 200, 400, 600, and 800 g kg-1 clay. The artificial soils were incubated for 30 days with moisture content at 80 % of field capacity to stabilize their physicochemical properties, followed by additional incubation for 30 days after liming to raise the pH(H2O) to 6.0. Soil P sorption curves were produced, and the maximum sorption (Pmax) was determined using the Langmuir model for each soil texture evaluated. Based on the Pmax values, seven rates of P were added to four replicates of each soil, and incubated for 20 days more. Following incubation, available P contents (P-Mehlich-1) and P dissolved in the soil solution (P-water) were determined. A change-point value (the P-Mehlich-1 value above which P-water starts increasing sharply) was calculated through the use of segmented equations. The maximum level of P that a soil might safely adsorb (P-threshold) was defined as 80 % of the change-point value to maintain a margin for environmental safety. The P-threshold value, in mg dm-3, was dependent on the soil clay content according to the model P-threshold = 40 + Clay, where the soil clay content is expressed as a percentage. The model was tested in 82 diverse soil samples from the State of Santa Catarina and was able to distinguish samples with high and low environmental risk. O Estado de Santa Catarina tem algumas atividades agropecuárias, como a suinocultura, que são responsáveis pela adição de grandes quantidades fósforo (P) nos solos; porém, o Estado necessita de um método para avaliar o risco ambiental desses solos com elevado teor de P. Uma maneira de avaliar o risco ambiental da adubação fosfatada, orgânica ou mineral é determinar o teor máximo de P disponível por Mehlich-1 que um solo pode apresentar sem que haja alto risco de transferência de P do solo para as águas superficiais, chamado Limite Crítico Ambiental de P (LCA-P). Contudo, o extrator Mehlich-1 é sensível ao teor de argila do solo, devendo esse fator ser considerado no estabelecimento do LCA-P. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o LCA-P pelo extrator Mehlich-1 para solos com diferentes teores de argila do Estado de Santa Catarina. Usou-se solo do horizonte B de um Latossolo Bruno com 800 g kg-1 de argila, que foi misturado com areia em quantidades para se obterem solos artificiais com 200, 400, 600 e 800 g kg-1 de argila. Esses solos artificiais foram incubados por 30 dias com umidade de 80 % da capacidade de campo para estabilização das propriedades físico-químicas e posteriormente incubados novamente por mais 30 dias com calcário para elevar o pH(H2O) até 6,0. Nos solos, foram realizadas curvas de adsorção de P e determinadas a adsorção máxima de P (Pmax) pelo modelo de Langmuir para cada textura avaliada. Com base nos valores de Pmax, foram adicionadas aos solos sete doses de P incubados novamente por 20 dias, com quatro repetições. Após a incubação, foram definidos os teores de P disponível (P-Mehlich-1) e P dissolvido em água (P-água). O teor de P por Mehlich-1 a partir do qual o P-água passa a aumentar drasticamente foi obtido por equações segmentadas e, para manter-se uma margem de segurança ambiental, consideraram-se 80 % desse valor como o LCA-P. O LCA-P foi dependente do teor de argila do solo; pelos dados, obteve-se o modelo LCA-P (mg dm-3) = 40 + Argila, em que a argila do solo é expressa em porcentagem. O modelo foi testado em 82 amostras diversificadas de solos do Estado de Santa Catarina e foi capaz de separar amostras com alto e baixo risco ambiental.
- Published
- 2015
40. EFICIÊNCIA DE MÉTODOS ANALÍTICOS NA PREDIÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE DE FÓSFORO PARA ARROZ IRRIGADO EM SOLOS CATARINENSES
- Author
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Marcia Aparecida Simonete, Letícia Moro, Paulo Roberto Ernani, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Claudia Fernanda Almeida Teixeira-Gandra
- Subjects
Physics ,solos alagados ,flooded soils ,extratores de P ,Soil Science ,Oryza sativa ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Humanities ,lcsh:S1-972 ,soil P extractants - Abstract
Os solos cultivados com arroz irrigado no Estado de Santa Catarina apresentam características mineralógicas e químicas distintas dos solos utilizados nos estudos de calibração do extrator Mehlich-1, para estimar a disponibilidade de fósforo do solo para as plantas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos extratores Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Resina em lâminas, Olsen e EDTA na predição da disponibilidade P para plantas de arroz cultivadas em sistema de alagamento em solos representativos de lavouras orizícolas do Estado de Santa Catarina. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com cinco solos oriundos de várias lavouras orizícolas, em 2014. Foram adicionados aos solos quatro concentrações de P, correspondendo a 0, ¼, ½ e 1,0 vez a quantidade de P para atingir 0,2 mg L-1 de P na solução do solo (com base na capacidade de adsorção de cada solo). Foram usadas três repetições por tratamento, dispostas no delineamento completamente casualizado. Após cinco dias da adição dos níveis de P, as unidades experimentais constituídas por vasos de 8 L contendo 3,5 kg de solo seco foram amostradas para determinar o P disponível do solo por cinco métodos químicos. Na sequência, essas foram alagadas e cultivadas com seis plantas de arroz por 46 dias, quando se quantificaram a massa de matéria seca e o P absorvido pela parte aérea das plantas. A eficácia dos métodos Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Resina em lâminas, Olsen e EDTA foi avaliada por correlação linear entre a quantidade de P extraída dos solos e a quantidade absorvida pelas plantas. A quantidade de P absorvida pelas plantas de arroz aumentou com o acréscimo das doses de P aplicadas, variando com o tipo de solo. A maior recuperação do P adicionado aos solos foi obtida pelo extrator EDTA, seguido pelo Olsen. O P extraído pelo EDTA e Mehlich-3 evidenciou melhor correlação com quantidade de P absorvida pelo arroz. O agrupamento dos solos segundo características relacionadas à adsorção de P no solo melhora a eficiência de todos os métodos em predizer a disponibilidade de P em solos cultivados com arroz no sistema de inundação. The soils used to grow irrigated rice in the State of Santa Catarina have different mineralogical and chemical characteristics from the soils used for calibration studies of the Mehlich-1 extractant, for estimating soil phosphorus availability to plants. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Resin, Olsen and EDTA extractants in predicting P availability to flood irrigated rice in soils of State of Santa Catarina. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in 2014 with five soils collected from croplands previously planted to rice. Four rates of P were applied to the soils, corresponding to 0, ¼, ½, and 1.0 times the amount of P needed to reach 0.2 mg L-1 P in the soil solution (based on the maximum P adsorption capacity of each soil). Experimental units consisted of 8.0 L pots containing 3.5 kg of soil (dry base). Triplicates of each treatment were arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Five days after mixing P with the soils, soil samples were collected to quantify P by five chemical methods (Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Resin, Olsen, and EDTA). The pots were then flooded and cultivated with six rice seedlings for 46 days. Shoot dry matter and P uptake were quantified. Linear correlations between P extracted from the soils and P taken up by the plants were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the chemical methods in predicting P availability. The amount of P taken up by rice plants varied according to soil type and increased with increases in the P rate. The EDTA method recovered the highest amount of P from the soils relative to the amount applied, followed by Olsen. Soil P extracted by EDTA and Mehlich-3 best correlated with the amount of P uptake by rice plants. Arranging soils according to their characteristics related to P adsorption improves the effectiveness of all methods in predicting P availability to rice cultivated in flood irrigated soils.
- Published
- 2015
41. Soil phosphorus fractions in a sandy typic hapludaft as affected by phosphorus fertilization and grapevine cultivation period
- Author
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Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Carlos Alberto Ceretta, Gustavo Brunetto, George Wellington Bastos de Melo, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Gustavo Trentin, Eduardo Girotto, Alcione Miotto, Felipe Lorensini, GUSTAVO BRUNETTO, UFSM, FELIPE LORENSINI, UFSM, ALBERTO CERETTA, UFSM, LUCIANO COLPO GATIBONI, UDESC, GUSTAVO TRENTIN, CPPSUL, EDUARDO GIROTTO, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Ibirubá, Brazil, ALCIONE MIOTTO, UFSM, CLEDIMAR ROGÉRIO LOURENZI, UFSM, and GEORGE WELLINGTON BASTOS DE MELO, CNPUV.
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Chemistry ,Soil organic matter ,Phosphorus ,Viticultura ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Phosphate ,Nutrição vegetal ,Vineyard ,Grassland ,Fracionamento ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Solo ,Human fertilization ,Agronomy ,Uva ,Soil water ,Fósforo ,Cover crop ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Fósforo Inorgânico - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the phosphorus (P) fractions in phosphate-fertilized sandy soils under grapevines. Soil was sampled from a grassland site and two vineyards (13 and 31 years old) in the State Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and 20-40 cm deep. The samples were prepared and P fractions were assessed by chemical fractionation. Phosphate fertilization of the vineyard soils increased P contents to a depth of 40 cm, especially in the more recalcitrant fractions but detectable in the more labile fractions as well, which are plant available and may increase the risk of environmental contamination. Phosphate fertilizers and the period of grapevine cultivation had little effect on the levels of organic P forms, whereas cover crops in vineyards could be an appropriate strategy to increase or maintain the levels of soil organic matter and the levels of organic P over the years. Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T06:41:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNETTOCommunicSoilSciPlantAnalysisv44n13p19372013.pdf: 230327 bytes, checksum: 22986a1d27aa4dd93fd00396a838fe73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-07
- Published
- 2013
42. Absorção e redistribuição do nitrogênio aplicado via foliar em videiras jovens
- Author
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Gustavo Brunetto, João Kaminski, George Wellington Bastos de Melo, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Segundo Urquiaga
- Subjects
Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Abstract
A aplicação de nitrogênio via foliar antes da senescência das folhas da videira pode ser uma estratégia para aumentar as reservas deste nutriente nas partes perenes, uma vez que as mesmas são disponibilizadas no início do crescimento vegetativo dos órgãos anuais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de estimar a absorção e a redistribuição do N adicionado via foliar em videiras jovens. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação na EMBRAPA-Uva e Vinho, no município de Bento Gonçalves (RS). Foram utilizadas as variedades Chardonnay e Riesling Itálico com porta-enxerto 101-14 Mgt. Foi cultivada uma planta por vaso contendo 10kg de solo Neossolo Litólico. A aplicação do N via foliar foi parcelada em três vezes, durante três dias sucessivos. Foram aplicados 84,84mg N planta-1 na forma de (15NH4)2SO4 . As plantas foram colhidas em sete épocas diferentes. Após a colheita, as plantas foram fracionadas em folhas, enxerto, porta-enxerto, raízes grossas (>2mm) e raízes finas (
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- 2005
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43. Dessorção de fósforo avaliada por extrações sucessivas em amostras de solo provenientes dos sistemas plantio direto e convencional
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Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, João Kaminski, Elaine Conte, and Ibanor Anghinoni
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Tillage ,Horticulture ,Conventional tillage ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Soil water ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Soil science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Extractor - Abstract
O fósforo é retido à fase sólida do solo com diversas energias de ligação, dependentes das características e quantidade dos colóides do solo. A adoção do sistema plantio direto (SPD) pode promover o acúmulo de fósforo em formas diferentes daquelas observadas no sistema de cultivo convencional (SCC) e, assim, modificar as características de dessorção do fósforo do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de dessorção de fósforo em solos submetidos a sistemas de cultivo. Três solos com teores variáveis de argila (Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico - 680g kg-1 de argila, Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico - 530g kg-1 de argila e Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico - 220g kg-1 de argila) cultivados sob SPD e SCC foram submetidos a extrações sucessivas com resina trocadora de ânions (RTA) e ajustadas equações de cinética de primeira ordem para estimar a capacidade de dessorção máxima do solo. A dessorção da primeira extração e dessorção máxima de fósforo foram maiores na camada superficial do solo sob SPD, comparativamente ao SCC. Uma única extração com RTA representou, em média, 38, 46 e 49% do fósforo dessorvível para o solo muito argiloso, argiloso e arenoso, respectivamente, enquanto a estimativa pelo extrator Mehlich 1 representou, para os mesmos solos, 32, 46 e 89% da dessorção máxima de fósforo.
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- 2003
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44. Superphosphate and Rock Phosphates as Phosphorus Sources for Grass‐Clover Pasture on a Limed Acid Soil in Southern Brazil
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Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, Gustavo Brunetto, João Kaminski, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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geography ,Topsoil ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Phosphorus ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Forage ,complex mixtures ,Pasture ,Soil management ,Phosphorite ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Soil pH ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The native pastures of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, have low productivity because of summer and spring species growing seasons on low fertility soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate sources of phosphorus (P) and lime rates surface applied on natural pasture for exotic cold season forages species introduction. The results showed that the rock phosphates Gafsa and Arad were efficient sources of P in moderate to high soil acidity. The soil acidity attenuation by liming increased the forage production and the efficiency of the soluble superphosphate, but reduced the performance of rock phosphates. The surface liming was effective in neutralizing exchangeable aluminum only in the topsoil layers.
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- 2003
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45. Alterações nos atributos químicos de solo arenoso pela calagem superficial no sistema plantio direto consolidado
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Delson Horn, João Kaminski, Adair Saggin, Gustavo Brunetto, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, and João Paulo Cassol Flores
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Agriculture (General) ,movimento de cátions ,Mineralogy ,engineering.material ,S1-972 ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Soil pH ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,calcário ,Lime ,General Veterinary ,bioporos ,Chemistry ,lcsh:S ,acidez do solo ,saturação com alumínio ,Agriculture ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Horticulture ,engineering ,Soil horizon ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Concentration gradient ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
A forma aplicação de calcário no sistema plantio direto (SPD) cria no solo um gradiente de concentração dos produtos de sua reação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os atributos químicos relacionados à acidez de solo após sete anos da aplicação de calcário superficialmente no solo sob SPD. O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, num Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico. O experimento foi instalado em outubro de 1994 em solo conduzido sob SPD desde 1988. Os tratamentos consistiram numa testemunha sem calcário e na reaplicação superficial de calcário para elevar o pH a 6,0, adicionando a dose recomendada, totalmente no início do experimento; metade da dose no início e a outra metade no terceiro ano; e um terço da dose a cada ano, nos três primeiros anos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Em outubro de 2001, 84 meses após, foram abertas três trincheiras por parcela e coletadas amostras de solo em camadas de 1 cm até os 10 cm de profundidade, de 2,5 cm até os 25 cm, de 5 cm até os 50 cm e da camada de 50-60 cm. A aplicação superficial de calcário proporcionou uma frente alcalinizante no perfil do solo e migração de Ca e Mg em todo horizonte A.
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- 2003
46. Estimativa da acidez potencial em solos e sua implicação no cálculo da necessidade de calcário
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, J. R. Martins, J. Kaminski, C. A. Tissot, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, and E. J. S. Santos
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cation exchange capacity ,Analytical chemistry ,Soil Science ,Mineralogy ,Vertisol ,engineering.material ,Latosol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Soil pH ,Cation-exchange capacity ,SMP index ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,capacidade de troca de cátions ,Lime ,Cambisol ,Chemistry ,acidez do solo ,soil acidity ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Soil water ,método SMP ,engineering ,Carbonate ,acetate ,acetato de cálcio ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
A estimativa da necessidade de calcário pelo critério da saturação por bases pode ter como limitação a determinação da acidez potencial a pH 7,0, usada no cálculo da CTC. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a relação entre o H + Al obtido pela incubação direta do solo com carbonato de cálcio e o estimado pelo extrator acetato de cálcio e pelo índice SMP. Foram utilizados 12 solos do sul do Brasil, incubados com doses crescentes de calcário, para determinar a acidez potencial real do solo a pH 7,0, e comparados com os dados obtidos por diferentes métodos de avaliação, direta e indireta, da acidez potencial. Os resultados mostraram a correlação entre a acidez potencial real e a estimada por extratores, mas os coeficientes angulares foram sempre superiores à unidade. A calibração do método SMP para esta estimativa foi feita a partir de dados da titulação direta do solo incubado com carbonato de cálcio; para tal, sugere-se a equação log (H + Al) = 3,020-0,371 SMP, para estimar a acidez potencial. Lime requirement diagnostic by base saturation (H + Al) estimation methods are critical in CEC calculation since they are bound to a potential soil acidity of pH 7.0. This study was carried out in order to evaluate a relation between the H + Al obtained by direct soil incubation with calcium carbonate and the estimation by the extractors acetate salt and SMP index. Twelve south Brazilian soils, incubated with increasing calcium carbonate rates to establish the real soil acidity at a pH of 7, were compared with acidity potential values obtained by different direct and indirect evaluation methods. Significant correlation was observed between the real and the extractant-estimated H + Al, but the angular coefficients in all situation were higher than one. To improve the H + Al estimation by the SMP index, the use of the real incubation data is necessary. The equation which best describes the relationship between H + Al and the SMP index is log (H + Al) = 3.020-0.371 SMP.
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- 2002
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47. Quantificação do fósforo disponível por extrações sucessivas com diferentes extratores em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico
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Adair Saggin, Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and J. Kaminski
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Chemistry ,Mehlich-1 ,dessorção ,Mehlich-3 ,anion exchange resin ,no-tillage ,Soil Science ,resina trocadora de ânions ,Latosol ,lcsh:S1-972 ,plantio direto ,desorption ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A determinação do fósforo potencialmente disponível por meio dos extratores químicos é dificultada em solos de carga variável, uma vez que existem diversos graus de energia de ligação com os colóides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o número mínimo de extrações sucessivas necessárias para estimar o fósforo potencialmente disponível, com os métodos de Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3 e resina de troca aniônica (RTA). Foram realizadas treze extrações sucessivas com os três métodos em amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico sob sistema plantio direto com doses crescentes de fósforo. Os resultados mostraram que uma única extração com Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 ou RTA extrai apenas 29, 35 e 37 % do fósforo potencialmente disponível, respectivamente. Para obter o fator quantidade, foram necessárias sete extrações sucessivas com a RTA e quatro com os métodos Mehlich-1 e 3. O método da RTA foi mais eficiente no diagnóstico dos teores de fósforo nos tratamentos com baixa disponibilidade, enquanto os métodos Mehlich-1 e 3 foram mais eficazes naqueles com alta disponibilidade de fósforo. The determination of potentially available phosphorus by chemical extractors is difficult in variable charge soils because there are several degrees of bound energy between phosphorus and colloids. The objective of this work was to estimate the minimum number of successive extractions with the Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and anion exchange resin (AER) methods to obtain values of potentially available phosphorus. Thirteen successive extractions were accomplished with Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and AER methods in samples of a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-tillage system and increasing phosphorus doses. Results showed that one single extraction with Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and AER extracts only 29, 35 and 37 % of the potentially available phosphorus, respectively. To obtain the quantity factor, seven successive extractions with AER and four with Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 were necessary. The AER method was more efficient to extract phosphorus in treatments with low contents while the Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 methods were more efficient in treatments with high phosphorus availability.
- Published
- 2002
48. BORON IN PREVENTING OF SHOOT DIEBACK ON EUCALYPTUS BENTHAMII GROWN IN SOIL WITH DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES
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Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Luciana Patrícia Rosa Dias, David José Miquelutti, Gustavo Brunetto, and Diego Joaquim Pereira Campos
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Cambisol ,biology ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Eucalyptus ,Field capacity ,Horticulture ,Dry weight ,chemistry ,Shoot ,Environmental science ,Dry matter ,Eucalyptus benthamii ,Boron ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The water deficit interferes in the boron (B) uptake by eucalyptus, causing shoot dieback in young plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of shoot dieback in Eucalyptus benthamii submitted to doses of boron and water regimes in a Humic Cambisol of the Southern Plateau of the state of Santa Catarina. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse (Lages-SC) in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with three replications, adding 0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.75 g boron plant -1 in the soil, and three water regimes (60, 80 and 100% of the field capacity). The stem diameter and the plants height were measured, using a visual analysis of dieback. The dry mass and boron contents in the tissues and in the soil, were also determined. Water deficiency affected negatively dry matter but it was not affected by boron application. The highest occurrence of shoot dieback was observed in the treatments without addition of boron and in the more restrictive water regime. Fertilization with 0.55 g boron plant -1 in soil was sufficient to avoid shoot dieback.
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- 2017
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49. Maximun phosphorus adsorption capacity and binding energy constant of an oxisol fitting different langmuir models
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Clovisson Menotti Boeira de Oliveira, Jaime Antonio de Almeida, David José Miquelluti, T. J. Smyth, and Luciano Colpo Gatiboni
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adsorption models ,Agriculture (General) ,Pmax ,phosphorus sorption ,Soil Science ,maximum adsorption ,isotermas ,lcsh:S1-972 ,modelos de adsorção ,S1-972 ,adsorção máxima ,isotherms ,sorção de fósforo ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
A capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo (CMAP) é um parâmetro bastante útil para caracterizar a capacidade de adsorção de fósforo (P) do solo e, por isso, o modelo de Langmuir, que possibilita essa estimativa, é bastante difundido. Porém, se o ajuste da equação for realizado por modelos não lineares ou linearizados, ou se forem escolhidos modelos de região única ou múltiplas, nem sempre os valores estimados da CMAP e da constante de energia de ligação (k) são semelhantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes métodos de ajuste do modelo de Langmuir sobre os valores estimados de CMAP e k. Para isso, utilizouse um único solo de alta capacidade de adsorção de P, o qual foi misturado a quantidades crescentes de areia lavada, construindo-se sistemas com capacidades de sorção crescentes, mas com a fase sólida constituída da mesma mineralogia. Foi utilizado solo do horizonte B de um Latossolo Bruno com 800 g kg-1 de argila, o qual foi misturado com areia em quantidades para obterem-se solos artificiais com 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800 g kg-1 de argila. Esses solos artificiais foram incubados por 30 dias com calcário para elevar o pH(H2O) até 6,0 e, após, foram secos em estufa e peneirados. Foram realizadas as isotermas de adsorção e os dados ajustados pelo modelo de Langmuir, usando os seguintes métodos: NLin - não linear com região única; L-1R - linearização com região única; L-2RG - linearização com duas regiões, ajuste gráfico; L-3RG - linearização com três regiões, ajuste gráfico; L-2RE linerização com duas regiões, ajuste estatístico. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os métodos utilizados estimaram valores de CMAP proporcionais ao teor de argila dos solos e poderiam ser usados para caracterizar os solos. Contudo, quando utilizados ajustes com mais de uma região de adsorção, os valores da CMAP para a última região foram sensivelmente superiores àqueles observados após a incubação do solo com doses de P em um teste adicional. Isso indica que a CMAP da última região deve ser evitada como caracterizadora da capacidade de adsorção do solo. Conforme era esperado, os valores de k foram proporcionais aos teores de argila do solo na primeira (ou única) região dos modelos linearizados; contudo, não seguiram essa tendência no modelo não linear, recomendando-se cautela na interpretação da constante k ajustada por modelos não lineares. Maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (Pmax) is a useful tool for characterizing the phosphorus (P) sorption of soils, and the Langmuir model, which allows this estimate, has widespread use. However, estimated values of Pmax and the binding energy constant (k) may be quite different when fitted to non-linear or linearized Langmuir models, or models with single or multiple regions. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of using different methods to fit the Langmuir model to the estimation of Pmax and k values. A single soil with high Pmax was mixed with increasing amounts of sand, producing artificial soils with increasing P adsorption capacities but with the same clay mineralogy. Soil from the B horizon of an Oxisol containing 800 g kg-1 clay was mixed with washed sand in amounts necessary to obtain samples with 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g kg-1 of clay. These artificial soils were incubated for 30 days with lime to raise the pH in water level to 6.0. The adsorption isotherms were constructed and the data fitted using the following Langmuir model approaches: NLin - nonlinear with a single region; L-1R - linearization with a single region; L-2RG - linearization with two regions and graphical adjustment; L-3RG - linearization with three regions and graphical adjustment; and L-2RE - linearization with two regions and statistical fitting. The results showed that the Pmax values estimated by all methods were dependent on the clay content of soils and could be used to characterize the P adsorption of the soil. However, when fitted to more than one adsorption region, the Pmax values for the last region were significantly higher than those observed after incubation of the soil with different P levels. Therefore, the Pmax of the last region in multi-region models may not be appropriate for characterizing soil P adsorption capacity. As expected, the k values were dependent on soil clay content in the first (or single) region of the linearized models, but they did not follow this trend in the nonlinear model. Thus, caution should be taken in interpretation of the k constant fitted to nonlinear models.
- Published
- 2014
50. Resposta de pinus taeda com diferentes idades à adubação NPK no Planalto Sul Catarinense
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Paulo Cezar Cassol, Letícia Moro, Marcia Aparecida Simonete, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, and Djalma Miler Chaves
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produção ,application times ,nutriente ,productivity ,nutrients ,Soil Science ,época de aplicação ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,lcsh:S1-972 - Abstract
Na região do Planalto Sul-catarinense, a maioria das florestas de Pinus foi implantada sem fertilização do solo na fase de plantio. Atualmente, muitas áreas encontram-se em segunda ou terceira rotação de Pinus e sem nenhuma fertilização, o que pode limitar a produtividade pela baixa fertilidade do solo. Uma alternativa para a mitigação desse problema seria a adubação em povoamentos já estabelecidos. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adubação com N, P e K, em diferentes fases de crescimento de Pinus taeda, foram conduzidos experimentos no campo, em plantios de um, cinco e nove anos de idade, todos de segunda rotação, sobre Cambissolos no município de Otacílio Costa, SC. Os tratamentos consistiram de combinações de doses de N (N0 = 0, N1 = 70 e N2 = 140 kg ha-1 de N), P (P0 = 0, P1 = 75 e P2 = 150 kg ha-1 P2O5) e K (K0 = 0, K1 = 60 e K2 = 120 kg ha-1 de K2O), além de uma testemunha, nas seguintes combinações: N0P0K0, N0P1K0, N1P1K1, N1P2K1, N1P2K2 e N2P2K1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Foram avaliados altura e diâmetro no colo ou à altura do peito das árvores e calculado o volume de tronco das plantas e teores de N, P e K nas acículas aos seis e 18 meses, após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Os resultados evidenciaram que nas plantas de um ano de idade houve incremento significativo no volume de madeira com a aplicação de 70 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Para os plantios de cinco e nove anos, a adição de doses a partir de 70, 75 e 60 kg ha-1 de N, P2O5 e K2O, respectivamente, promoveram incrementos significativos no volume de madeira, mostrando que a adubação em florestas já estabelecida é uma estratégia a ser considerada em sítios de baixa fertilidade. In the southern highland (Planalto Sul) region of Santa Catarina, Brazil, most of the pine forests were planted without soil fertilization. Currently, many areas are in the second or third rotation, and their productivity may be limited by low soil fertility. An alternative to mitigate this problem would be fertilization in the established forest. This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of fertilization with N, P, and K at different growth stages of Pinus taeda. Experiments were conducted in one-, five-, and nine-year-old forests, all in the second rotation, in Cambisols located in the municipality of Otacílio Costa, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Treatments consisted of combinations of fertilization rates of N (N0=0, N1=70, and N2=140 kg ha-1 N), P (P0=0, P1=75, and P2=150 kg ha-1 P2O5), and K (K0=0, K1=60, and K2=120 kg ha-1 K2O), plus a control treatment without fertilization. The combinations used were N0P0K0, N0P1K0, N1P1K1, N1P2K1, N1P2K2, and N2P2K1. A completely randomized block experimental design was used, with three replications. The height and diameter at the root collar or at breast height of trees was measured; also the trunk volume of the plants and N, P, and K contents in needles at six and 18 months after fertilization were measured. In one-year-old plants, a significant increase in timber volume was obtained with the application of 70 kg ha-1 of P2O5. For five- and nine-year-old plants, fertilization with 70, 75, and 60 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively, promote significant increase in timber volume, showing that fertilization of established pine forests increase productivity in areas of low fertility.
- Published
- 2014
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