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Viticulture began growing in Brazil in recent years, and this growth is due to the introduction of new techniques and improvements used in vine planting, especially the use of plastic covering in the vineyard. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the economic viability of plastic covering installation, as well as the quality of grapes produced by two cultivars, in order to compare these results with those obtained by a conventional cultivation system. The experiment was performed at an experimental farm producing grapes in southern Brazil. The grape cultivars Niagara Branca and Niagara Rosada were studied and cultivated with and without plastic covering. Data related to the costs of vineyard planting, establishment, and seasonal management, in addition to the grape revenue, were assessed. Additionally, the grape yield and quality were evaluated. The analysis of return indicators showed that the net present value was higher for the plastic-covered system, which indicates greater profitability and consequent viability of the investment. Moreover, the grape quality varied according to the cultivar and production system. In this context, it is recommended to use the cultivar Niagara Rosada for production in a plastic covering system.

Due to its high organic matter content, sawdust can be used for soil amendment. This study investigated the effect of sawdust obtained from a furniture industry (Yildiz Integre Akhisar flakeboard) on grape yield and loam texture soil (Typic Xerofluvent) properties of a vineyard located in Saruhanlı District, Manisa, Turkey. In the trial, three groups with dry sawdust (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1; 30 t ha-1 ) was added to plots of vineyard while 0 t ha-1 or without sawdust addition was set up as a control group. All the 4 treatments were replicated three times (4×3). Sawdust addition resulted in significant increase (p, We would like to thank the factory (Flakeboard Fabric Industry-Yıldız Integrated Wood Industry and Trade Inc. Akhisar, Manisa, Turkey) that supplied the sawdust, which is the trial material. This article was produced from Lelenda Florent Kebalo’s graduate work (Advisor is Prof. Dr. Sezai Delibacak).

Critical levels (CL) of available potassium (K) in soils and leaves and maximum technical efficiency (MTE) doses are relevant information to define the best K fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to determine reference values of K in leaves and soil, using Bayesian analysis, in order to maximize grape yield and must quality of ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ grown in a subtropical climate. The vines were subjected to applications of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The CL and MTE doses of K, in leaves and soils, were determined using Bayesian hierarchical models. The range of probability of the occurrence of CL in leaves was 15.8 to 18.9 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.8 to 19.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at flowering. Moreover, the range was 15.3 to 18.1 g K kg−1 in ‘Chardonnay’ and 16.1 to 18.2 g K kg−1 in ‘Pinot Noir’ at veraison. In the soil, the CL of available K for ‘Chardonnay’ was 27.4 mg K kg−1 and for ‘Pinot Noir’ it was 23.2 mg K kg−1. The increase of K in leaves and soil increased the TSS, while the TTA decreased in both cultivars after sufficiency rate. The MTE was estimated in ‘Pinot Noir’. The proposition of CL and/or MTE doses of K can help increase the efficiency of K fertilization in vineyards.

The aim of this study was to investigate impact of bio-humus on Cardinal grape yield (Vitis vinifera L.) and nutrient contents of dark brown soil using drip irrigation systems under the open field conditions in the vineyard region of Azerbaijan. A field experiment was conducted in a Cardinal Vineyard farm located in Shamakhi district, Azerbaijan between May and October 2021. An experiment with one dose of bio-humus treatment (5 t.ha-1) and three replications, with a plot size of 1 ha treatment was used. There were performed drip irrigation, starting from May 15 up to September 15, every 15 days. The soil sampling and measurements carried out after harvest the application of bio-humus in soil and the soil samples were collected from depth of 20 cm. The results showed that addition of bio-humus increased fresh berryweight yield, contents of organic matter, total N, available P, and available micronurtient (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) in soil compared with control plots. The soils treated with bio-humus had significantly more EC in comparison to unamended plots. The addition of bio-humus in soil resulted in increase of soil pH.

In semi-arid vineyard agroecosystems, highly vulnerable in the context of climate change, the soil organic matter (OM) content is crucial to the improvement of soil fertility and grape productivity. The impact of OM, from compost and animal manure, on soil properties (e.g., pH, oxidisable organic C, organic N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N), grape yield and direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in vineyards was assessed. For this purpose, two wine grape varieties were chosen and managed differently: with a rain-fed non-trellising vineyard of Monastrell, a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Monastrell and a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon. The studied fertiliser treatments were without organic amendments (C), sheep/goat manure (SGM) and distillery organic waste compost (DC). The SGM and DC treatments were applied at a rate of 4600 kg ha−1 (fresh weight, FW) and 5000 kg ha−1 FW, respectively. The use of organic amendments improved soil fertility and grape yield, especially in the drip-irrigated trellising vineyards. Increased CO2 emissions were coincident with higher grape yields and manure application (maximum CO2 emissions = 1518 mg C-CO2 m−2 d−1). In contrast, N2O emissions, mainly produced through nitrification, were decreased in the plots showing higher grape production (minimum N2O emissions = −0.090 mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). In all plots, the CH4 fluxes were negative during most of the experiment (−1.073−0.403 mg CH4-C m−2 d−1), indicating that these ecosystems can represent a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. According to our results, the optimal vineyard management, considering soil properties, yield and GHG mitigation together, was the use of compost in a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard with the grape variety Monastrell.

Cluster zone leaf removal is a well-established viticulture practice for improving cluster microclimate and wine quality in cooler climates, while its efficacy in warmer conditions is less is known. Here we compared the effect of early (ELR, after fruit set, diameter of berries 3&ndash, 5 mm) and late (LLR, beginning of veraison) leaf removal on berry composition and wine phenolic profile of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) variety Cabernet Sauvignon grown in a temperate, warmer region of Eastern Serbia. Compared to the control (no leaf removal), both leaf removal treatments increased the sugar content in fresh juice and alcohol concentration in wine. Over three consecutive years (2011&ndash, 2013) markedly different in temperature and rainfall, ELR was clearly most effective in decreasing weights of cluster and of one berry, and in increasing of skin share in a berry. The content of total phenols, tartaric acid esters, anthocyanins, and flavanols in berry skin and wine was the highest in ELR treatment. ELR prominently modified the phenolic profile: Increasing flavanols, myricetin and quercetine in skin and wine, and anthocyanins, peonidin-3-glucoside in skin and delphinidin-3-glucoside in wine. This work demonstrated that early leaf removal positively influenced the chemical composition of berries and wine of Cabernet Sauvignon and might be recommended for practice in the temperate warm conditions.

It is known that early removal of basal leaves improves the exposure of cluster to direct sunlight and UV radiation, which positively influence the phenolic compounds and anthocyanin concentration of berries. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of leaf removal applied before flowering to the basal zone of the canopy at different sides (fruit-zone north canopy side, south canopy side and north&ndash, south canopy side, respectively) of Aglianico vines trained to vertical shoot position system and row oriented to east&ndash, west (EW). The study was conducted in the controlled and guaranteed designation of origin (CGDO) Castel del Monte area (Apulia region, Italy). The treatment did not affect yield per vine, and nor sugar, pH, and total acidity of grapes. When it was applied to the basal south canopy side, the concentration of proanthocyanidins and total polyphenols of grapes increased, as well as antioxidant activity. In particular, anthocyanins content, determined by HPLC, increased by 20% with respect to control when treatment was applied to south and north&ndash, south canopy sides. Interaction between season period and treatment was found for all anthocyanins except for petunidin-3-coumaroyl-glucoside. Basal leaf removal applied to the north canopy side caused an increase in malvidin-3-O-glucoside content in grapes in 2016 and 2018, but not in 2017. Our results indicate that basal leaf removal (six basal leaves removed from the base of the shoots) before flowering (BBCH 57) can be used as an effective strategy to improve grape total polyphenols, anthocyanins concentration and antioxidant activity in vineyards cultivated under warm climate conditions. The treatment could represent a sustainable alternative to manual cluster thinning since it does not reduce yield per vine and can be performed mechanically.

Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) is a source of organic C and other nutrients, which, when free from potential contaminants, can be used as a soil amendment. This study was carried out over three years in a vineyard with soil pH close to neutral under an experimental design consisting of two treatments (with and without MSWC). Application of MSWC is currently authorized under national legislation to be used in vineyards, orchards and forests at a maximum rate of 10 t ha−1 year−1. In this study, for experimental purposes, a double rate (20 t ha−1 year−1) was used. The accumulated grape yield increased in the amended plot by 28% and the dry biomass of weeds between rows by 119%. The MSWC significantly increased some relevant soil properties such as organic C, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and extractable P, K and B. The concentration of K increased significantly in several tissues, and the concentration of P decreased. However, the concentration of K, P and other essential nutrients in the leaves remained within their sufficiency ranges. Tissue levels of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni) did not increase with the MSWC application, and the values in the pulp remained below the limits established for foodstuffs. The results from this study indicate that the continuous application of the MSWC does not seem to be sustainable, because of the risk of causing nutritional disorders. Products with similar composition should therefore be used only on more acidic soils and should never exceed the legally established rates. This research was funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). The authors would also like to thank the intermunicipal company ‘Resíduos do Nordeste’ and Dr. Paulo Praça for the free supply of the compost that was used in this study. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

tReducing plant growth to limit their susceptibility to diseases has been proposed as a way to reducepesticide use, but reducing crop growth may have detrimental effect on yield. In this paper, we test thehypothesis of a trade-off between maintaining grape yield and reducing grapevine susceptibility to pow-dery mildew (Erysiphe necator) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), two major diseases of the grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.). Grapevine susceptibility to these two diseases was measured by relevant features ofgrapevine vegetative development identified in previous studies: leaf biomass at flowering for powderymildew and pruning mass for grey mould. Data were collected during a 3-year field experiment in a vine-yard located in the south of France, in which pests and disease were controlled by spraying pesticides. Thetwo pathogens studied in this paper were chosen because they differ in terms of their biology (biotrophvs necrotroph) and their interaction with the grapevine (the highest grapevine susceptibility occurs earlyin the cycle for powdery mildew and late in the cycle for grey mould), in order to give genericity to theresults. Results confirmed the hypothesis of a trade-off between maintaining grape yield and reducinggrapevine susceptibility to both pathogens through reduced vegetative growth, but provided evidencethat win–win situations (high yield, low susceptibility) do exist. Moreover, we found a synergy betweenreducing grapevine susceptibility to powdery mildew and grey mould. These results suggest opportuni-ties to reduce fungicide use when a win–win situation occurs as the risk of yield and quality losses maybe lower in those years. Inter-annual variation in water stress at flowering was found to be a key driverof the balance between grape yield and grapevine susceptibility to both pathogens through their effecton the source–sink balance of the grapevine. Water stress at flowering appeared as a relevant indicatorto inform the probability of occurrence of a win–win situation. Our results suggest that it could also beused to adapt management practices like irrigation, cover cropping or a combination of both, to reacha win–win situation. The relevance of these findings to vineyards in similar semi-arid environments is discussed.

A comparative study of different pruning ways and bud load, as well as their influence on growth, yield and quality of Rhine Riesling B-21, Riesling Italian, and Zupljanka vine cultivars in the conditions of the Rasina vine district, during the period 2000 - 2001, is given in this paper. This research results have shown that grape yield and quality varied, and the greatest grape yield was observed in the variant with the greatest bud load. The Rhine Riesling B-21 demonstrated the best results. It should be pointed out that bud load per vine had a much greater influence on the studied traits than the applied way of pruning. .

The effects of foliar application of paclobutrasol (PK), chlorcholinechloride (CC) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on grape yield and quality of the grapevine cultivar Limberger were studied. PK and CC strongly inhibited shoot growth. The number of berries per bunch, bunch weight and grape yield per m2 were increased. At the same time, sugar content of must was either reduced (CC2000) or retained at the level of control (PK1000, CC1000). The GA150 treatment resulted in lower grape yield. At the concentration of GA3 100mg/l no significant increase in yield was found, whilst sugar content of must was significantly increased. Istraživan je uticaj folijarne primene paklobutrazola (PK), hlorholinhlorida (CC) i giberelinske kiseline (GA3) na procese rastenja, zametanje bobica visinu prinosa i kvalitet grožđa sorte frankovka (Limberger). Svako navedeno sredstvo je primenjivano u dve različite koncentracije. Tretiranja su obavljana dva puta u toku vegetacije: 10 do 15 dana pre i 10 do 15 dana nakon punog cvetanja. Istraživanja su obavljena u proizvodnom vinogradu koji je u sklopu kompleksa objekta "Rasadnik" - DOO Jagodinski podrumi, a pripada A.D. "Navip". Razmak sađenja je 3 X 1,2m. Oblik stabla je modifikovana dvokraka kazenavljeva kordunica. Sastoji se iz dva stabla formirana iz osnove čokota. Na visini od 90 cm formirana su dva kraća horizontalna kraka. Na njima su smeštena po dva rodna čvora u kojima se izvodi mešovita rezidba. Istraživanja su obavljena na sorti Frankovka kalemljenoj na loznoj podlozi V. Belandieri X V. Riparia - SO4 sel. Openheim. Paklobutrazol i hlorholinhlorid su ispoljili snažno inhibitorno dejstvo na rastenje lastara. Povećan je procenat zametnutih bobica, broj bobica u grozdu, masa grozda i prinos grožđa po jedinici površine. Pri tome sadržaj šećera u širi je znatno smanjen (CC2000) ili zadržan na nivou kontrole (PK1000, CC1000). Varijanta PK500 nije ispoljila značajno dejstvo na ispitivane pokazatelje. U tretmanu GA150, prinos grožđa je smanjen. Pri nižoj koncentraciji GA3, od 100 mg/l, nije utvrđeno značajno povećanje prinosa, dok je sadržaj šećera u širi značajno povećan. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da efekat primene navedenih sredstava u velikoj meri zavisi od vremena tretiranja i primenjenih koncentracija.

Morpho-structural and physiological traits of Sangiovese and Montepulciano varieties (Vitis vinifera L. – two red grapes widely cultivated in Italy), grown outside under non-limiting water supply conditions were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 and results were correlated with yield components and grape composition. The 2-year analysis showed intraspecific differences in canopy characteristics, leaf and shoot properties, photosynthetic ability, water use efficiency, vine yield and grape composition. Compared with Sangiovese, Montepulciano was able to assure a higher whole-canopy seasonal net CO2 exchange rate during the season (+38% in mid morning and +49% in mid afternoon). It also had higher water use efficiency (especially early in the morning and in late afternoon) and a higher vine yield (+16%). Furthermore, total soluble solids (+1.7 °Brix), anthocyanins (+0.44 mg cm–2 berry skin) and phenolic compounds (+0.88 mg cm–2 berry skin) were higher in the grapes. To ensure this performance, Montepulciano vines have to support higher costs of growth and maintenance processes, made possible because of the increased respiration activity of the canopy during the night. We confirmed that vine yield and grape composition is strictly dependent on the seasonal photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. Therefore, Montepulciano should be put in a position to fully realise this substantial photosynthetic potential, by avoiding or reducing environmental stress. Sangiovese is structurally and morpho-physiologically better able to withstand any stress during the summer than Montepulciano. Sangiovese xylem tissue had larger mean vessel density and smaller mean vessel diameter and hydraulic conductance than Montepulciano, holding the hypothesis of less susceptibility to conduit damage.