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Animal manure contains significant amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that can be utilized as fertilizer. However, manure application rates are generally set to meet crop N demand, which results in excess P application which increases the risk of P loss into bodies of water. We examined the application method of manure compost based on crop P demand on the dry matter yield of silage corn (Zea mays L. var. indentata), on nutrient uptake and on soil P accumulation in an upland Andosol with a high P-fixing capacity. Cattle and poultry manure composts (CMC and PMC) with different P solubility were applied to meet the crop’s N requirements (N-based application) or P requirements (P-based application) in 3 consecutive years. Supplemental N was applied using polyolefin-coated urea in the P-based treatments. The dry matter yields and nutrient uptakes of silage corn in the P-based CMC and PMC application systems were similar to those in the corresponding N-based systems. The average relative effici...

Measuring the phosphorus (P) solubility in animal manure compost (AMC) is important to estimate both the risk of P loss from agricultural land and the P availability for crops in agriculture that use AMC as fertilizer. Water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) has most often been used to estimate P solubility in AMC. A single water extraction with a high ratio of compost to water is usually used to determine WEP, but in many cases, this may not evaluate the maximum WEP. In this study, we extracted the P included in AMC by using a continuous extraction method with a large amount of water, and tested this approach for 16 AMCs: four cattle manure composts, five swine manure composts, five layer (chicken) manure composts, and two broiler (chicken) litter composts. The P dissolution patterns were fitted to kinetic models, and the maximum WEP (WEPmax) was determined by the coefficient of the non-linear regression equation. The WEPmax values corresponded to the sum of H2O- and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)-extrac...

Animal manure is waste that contains large amounts of fertilizer resources. Incineration technology is effective in decreasing the volume of animal manure and concentrating the nutrients. In this study, the nutrient concentration and chemical compounds of several types of animal manure ash were examined to promote their recycling for agriculture. The nutrient concentration of manure ash was dependent on the reduction rate of solid materials by incineration. The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of cattle and layer manure were not concentrated greatly because of high silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) concentrations, respectively. On the other hand, the P concentration of swine manure and broiler litter was increased to 10.1–12.0 % (3.6–4.6 times compared with original materials), equivalent to that of phosphate rock used as fertilizer material. The K concentration of broiler litter ash (16.1 %) was highest of all. The phosphate compounds of cattle and swine manure ashes were determined as Ca9Fe(PO4)7 or Ca9MgK(PO4)7. Hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) was detected in layer manure and broiler litter ashes. By acid treatment of ash, P and K availability of the fertilizer made from layer manure ash (33 % of materials) was equivalent to that of conventional chemical fertilizer.

山形県の農家および堆肥製造センターでつくられた家畜ふん堆肥87点 (牛ふん堆肥77点，豚ぷん堆肥6点，鶏ふん堆肥4点) のケイ素含量とその簡易推定法を検討した。1) 牛ふん堆肥のケイ素含量は，12.1～307.8g kg−1乾物 (以下DW)，平均が95.4g kg−1DWであった。豚ぷん堆肥のケイ素含量は，9.5～79.6g kg−1DWで平均34.1g kg−1DW，鶏ふん堆肥のケイ素含量は，2.4～36.1g kg−1DWで平均16.8g kg−1DWであった。2) 牛ふん堆肥の炭素含量 (x) とケイ素含量 (y) の間には，y = −0.75x + 354 (r = −0.904) で両者の間に0.1％で有意な負の関係が得られた。また，牛ふん堆肥の灰分含量 (x) とケイ素含量 (y) の間においても，y = 0.44x −39.8(r = 0.970) で0.1%で有意な正の関係が得られた。よって，敷料や副資材に籾殻，わら類，もどし堆肥が使用されている牛ふん堆肥のケイ素含量は，炭素や灰分含量から推定することができると考えられた。