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Comparisons between the consequences of improved management and those of conventional logging in terms of carbon stock and biodiversity conservation were conducted in the Deramakot Forest Reserve versus the Tangkulap Forest Reserve, where lowland dipterocarp forest is the natural vegetation (see also Imai et al. 2009). In this chapter, we summarize the co-benefits of improved forest management for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. We evaluate the co-benefits in terms of additionality, which is the net increment effect of the improved forest management added over 13 years from 1989 (when logging was suspended in Deramakot) until 2002 (when our analyses started) in comparison to continued high-impact conventional logging.

BackgroundSustainable forest management (SFM), which has been recently introduced to tropical natural production forests, is beneficial in maintaining timber resources, but information about the co-benefits for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration is currently lacking.Methodology/principal findingsWe estimated the diversity of medium to large-bodied forest-dwelling vertebrates using a heat-sensor camera trapping system and the amount of above-ground, fine-roots, and soil organic carbon by a combination of ground surveys and aerial-imagery interpretations. This research was undertaken both in SFM applied as well as conventionally logged production forests in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Our carbon estimation revealed that the application of SFM resulted in a net gain of 54 Mg C ha(-1) on a landscape scale. Overall vertebrate diversity was greater in the SFM applied forest than in the conventionally logged forest. Specifically, several vertebrate species (6 out of recorded 36 species) showed higher frequency in the SFM applied forest than in the conventionally logged forest.Conclusions/significanceThe application of SFM to degraded natural production forests could result in greater diversity and abundance of vertebrate species as well as increasing carbon storage in the tropical rain forest ecosystems.