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• Proposing a multi-model fusion method for predicting CO2 concentration in greenhouse tomatoes. • Using self-made data sets, comparison of multiple algorithm models and comparison of multi-model fusion. • Providing a theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing and controlling greenhouse parameters. • The proposed method contributes to the development of greenhouse inspection robots. With the rapid development of greenhouse agriculture, accurate prediction of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration is crucial for optimal crop growth. Traditional forecasting models struggle with the nonlinear and complex nature of greenhouse data, leading to challenges in model robustness. This study addresses these issues by proposing a multi-model fusion strategy for predicting CO2 concentration in greenhouse tomatoes. The proposed method integrates wavelet denoising (WT), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). This innovative nonlinear ensemble model effectively extracts key time series features and removes noise, while an introduced attention mechanism enhances the model's focus on essential time steps, improving prediction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the multi-model fusion approach significantly outperforms single models in terms of accuracy and stability, achieving mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0117 and 0.0194, respectively. The proposed method offers significant advantages for CO2 prediction in greenhouse crops, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing and controlling greenhouse parameters. This contributes to the advancement of smart agriculture by offering an efficient environmental monitoring and prediction tool. Additionally, the study presents new ideas and technical solutions for addressing similar agricultural environment prediction challenges, optimizing greenhouse environment control strategies, and improving crop production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposing a multi-model fusion method for predicting CO2 concentration in greenhouse tomatoes. • Using self-made data sets, comparison of multiple algorithm models and comparison of multi-model fusion. • Providing a theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing and controlling greenhouse parameters. • The proposed method contributes to the development of greenhouse inspection robots. With the rapid development of greenhouse agriculture, accurate prediction of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration is crucial for optimal crop growth. Traditional forecasting models struggle with the nonlinear and complex nature of greenhouse data, leading to challenges in model robustness. This study addresses these issues by proposing a multi-model fusion strategy for predicting CO2 concentration in greenhouse tomatoes. The proposed method integrates wavelet denoising (WT), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). This innovative nonlinear ensemble model effectively extracts key time series features and removes noise, while an introduced attention mechanism enhances the model's focus on essential time steps, improving prediction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the multi-model fusion approach significantly outperforms single models in terms of accuracy and stability, achieving mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0117 and 0.0194, respectively. The proposed method offers significant advantages for CO2 prediction in greenhouse crops, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for optimizing and controlling greenhouse parameters. This contributes to the advancement of smart agriculture by offering an efficient environmental monitoring and prediction tool. Additionally, the study presents new ideas and technical solutions for addressing similar agricultural environment prediction challenges, optimizing greenhouse environment control strategies, and improving crop production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]