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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study aims to assess the carbon stock in a pasture area and fragment of forest in natural regeneration, given the importance of agroforestry systems in mitigating gas emissions which contribute to the greenhouse effect, as well as promoting the maintenance of agricultural productivity. Our other goal was to predict the carbon stock, according to different land use systems, from physical and chemical soil variables using the Random Forest algorithm. We carried out our study at an Entisols Quartzipsamments area with a completely randomized experimental design: four treatments and six replites. The treatments consisted of the following: (i) an agroforestry system developed for livestock, (ii) an agroforestry system developed for fruit culture, (iii) a conventional pasture, and (iv) a forest fragment. Deformed and undeformed soil samples were collected in order to analyze their physical and chemical properties across two consecutive agricultural years. The response variable, carbon stock, was subjected to a boxplot analysis and all the databases were used for a predictive modeling which in turn used the Random Forest algorithm. Results led to the conclusion that the agroforestry systems developed both for fruit culture and livestock, are more efficient at stocking carbon in the soil than the pasture area and forest fragment undergoing natural regeneration. Nitrogen stock and land use systems are the most important variables to estimate carbon stock from the physical and chemical variables of soil using the Random Forest algorithm. The predictive models generated from the physical and chemical variables of soil, as well as the Random Forest algorithm, presented a high potential for predicting soil carbon stock and are sensitive to different land use systems. School of Agricultural Engineering (Feagri) University of Campinas (Unicamp) School of Agronomy University of Rio Verde (UniRV) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences University State of São Paulo (Unesp) Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) School of Agronomy University State of São Paulo (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences University State of São Paulo (Unesp) School of Agronomy University State of São Paulo (Unesp)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-15 Many agricultural practices cause environmental degradation that affects the cellular integrity of anurans. In the present study, we provided in situ data of Dendropsophus minutus, Physalaemus cuvieri, and Scinax fuscovarius collected in soybean/corn and conservation units in the Brazilian Cerrado. The in situ data showed no significant variation in the micronucleus frequency between the sites, only the reniform cells had a higher rate for the agricultural environment. A combined analysis of all nuclear erythrocyte abnormalities (ENAs = nuclear buds, reniform nuclei, apoptotic cell, binucleated, and anucleated cells) was recorded higher frequencies in farmland. Overall, Scinax fuscovarius was considered the best potential bioindicator for soybean/corn plantations. Finally, we recommend expanding the micronucleus test for in situ studies to expand our understanding of the sensitivity of native anuran species and provide a more systematic assessment of the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on wildlife. Department of Biology Universidade de Rio Verde UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber Laboratory of Animal Biology Instituto Federal Goiano IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural Department of Biology Universidade Estadual Paulista - Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP, Campus São José do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth Department of Biology Universidade Estadual Paulista - Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP, Campus São José do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth

portuguesA construcao da usina hidreletrica de Ilha Solteira, no interior de Sao Paulo, foi iniciada nos anos 1960, quando foi retirado, em media, 8,60 m de solo em profundidade, dando origem a uma area degradada. Com isso, iniciou-se em 2005 um plano de recuperacao da area no municipio de Selviria/MS com plantio de especies vegetais adaptadas ao bioma Cerrado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a macrofauna do solo de uma area em processo de recuperacao com plantio de diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal (1- solo nu (testemunha); 2- vegetacao nativa de Cerrado; 3- especie arborea Astronium fraxinifolium; 4- Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; 5- Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus; 6- Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + lodo de esgoto). A macrofauna de solo foi avaliada em 2005, 2006 e 2007 utilizando o metodo de coleta direta e contagem manual. Foram determinados: quantidade de especies e indices de diversidade e uniformidade. As analises de componentes principals (PCA) e de cluster foram utilizadas para interpretacao de dados. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento 6 (Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + lodo de esgoto) aumentou a populacao de macrofauna do solo em aproximadamente 4 a 6 vezes mais que os demais tipos de cobertura vegetal apos tres anos de avaliacao. As analises de PCA e de cluster mostraram aproximacao dos dados do tratamento 6 as condicoes ambientais naturais de Cerrado, indicando ser o tratamento mais adequado para a recuperacao do solo degradado EnglishThe construction of the hydroelectric power plant of Ilha Solteira, in state of Sao Paulo, was initiated in the 1960s, when an average, 8.60 m of soil depth was removed, resulting in a degraded area. A plan for the recovery of the area started in 2005 in Selviria /MS with the use of plant species adapted to the Cerrado biome. This study aimed to evaluate the soil macrofauna of an area under recovery by using different types of soil cover (1- bare soil (control); 2- native Cerrado vegetation; 3- specie Astronium fraxinifolium; 4- Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; 5- Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus; 6- Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge). Soil macrofauna was evaluated in 2005, 2006 and 2007 using the direct collection method and manual counting. Number of species, diversity and uniformity index were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used for data interpretation. Results showed that treatment 6 (Astronium fraxinifolium+ Brachiaria decumbens+ sewage sludge) increased the soil macrofauna population by approximately 4 to 6 times more than the other types of cover after three years of evaluation. And the PCA and cluster analysis showed the approximation of the data between treatment 6 and Cerrado, which represents the most appropriate treatment for the recovery of the degraded soil

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Brazilian Biodivesity Fund Habitat loss and fragmentation together represent the most significant threat to the world's biodiversity. In order to guarantee the survival of this diversity, the monitoring of bioindicators can provide important insights into the health of a natural environment. In this context, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to evaluate the genotoxic susceptibility of 126 bats of eight species captured in soybean and sugarcane plantation areas, together with a control area (conservation unit) in the Cerrado savanna of central Brazil. No significant differences were found between the specimens captured in the sugarcane and control areas in the frequency of micronuclei and DNA damage (comet assay). However, the omnivore Phyllostomus hastatus had a higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities than the frugivore Carollia perspicillata in the sugarcane area. Insectivorous and frugivorous bats presented a higher frequency of genotoxic damage than the nectarivores in the soybean area. In general, DNA damage and micronuclei were significantly more frequent in agricultural environments than in the control area. While agricultural development is an economic necessity in developing countries, the impacts on the natural landscape may result in genotoxic damage to the local fauna, such as bats. Over the medium to long term, then DNA damage may have an increasingly negative impact on the wellbeing of the local species. Laboratory of Mutagenesis Instituto de Ciências Biológicas ICB I - Universidade Federal de Goiás Samambaia Campus Laboratory of Ecotoxicologia e Sistemática Animal Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural Department of Biology Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Josédo Rio Preto Laboratory of Zoology Universidade de Rio Verde UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber Research Department Instituto Sauver, Rua Dr. Paulo Franco dos Reis 40 Department of Biology Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Josédo Rio Preto

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:07:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-30 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Amphibians are considered to be excellent bioindicators to their morphophysiological characteristics and life cycle. In this context, the present study investigated the morphological integrity of anuran larvae collected in preserved environments in the Emas National Park, in the municipality of Mineiros (Goiás state, Brazil), and in environments representative of the agricultural matrix of the Rio Verde region, also in Goiás, where there is a long history of the use of agricultural pesticides. Samples of water from temporary ponds, permanent dams, and veredas were analyzed for the presence of pesticides and, especially atrazine (5350 μg/L), found at significantly higher concentrations in the agricultural matrix. We observed a high percentage (approximately 10%) of morphological malformations including alterations of the fins in Boana albopunctatus and Scinax fuscovarius; alteration in oral structures in B. albopunctatus, Dematonotus muelleri, Physalaemus centralis, Physalaemus cuvieri, and Leptodactylus fuscus mainly in the tadpoles collected in the agricultural environment in comparison with those from the protected area (3.5%; P < 0.0001, χ 2 31.75). However, changes in the eyes, mouth, intestines, and nostrils, as well as amelia were observed only in the agricultural environment. The vast majority of the observed malformations were associated with the tail and oral disc, which suggests that these anatomical parameters may be used as sensitive morphological biomarkers. Given these findings, we reinforce that areas of agricultural land may have a deleterious effect on the morphological integrity of the tadpoles and consequently, on their development, and that these features may be used as indicators of environmental quality and health. Department of Biology Universidade de Rio Verde UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber Laboratory of Animal Biology Instituto Federal Goiano IF Goiano, campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural Department of Biology Universidade Estadual Paulista -Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP, campus São José do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth Institute of Biosciences Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS Department of Biology Universidade Estadual Paulista -Júlio de Mesquita Filho UNESP, campus São José do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth CNPq: 477044/2013-1

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In agriculture, wastewater is used as an alternative source to meet the water and nutritional requirements of plants. However, long-term application of wastewater may degrade soil attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the soil physical quality of Oxisol fertigated with treated sewage effluent (TSE). The experiment was conducted in an area under TSE application for 4 years in Oxisol (625 g kg−1 clay) cultivated with Urochloa brizantha. The treatments consisted of six levels of TSE in irrigation depth, 0%, 11%, 31%, 60%, 87%, and 100%, with four repetitions. Undisturbed and disturbed soils samples were collected in three layers (0.00–0.10 m; 0.10–0.20 m, and 0.20–0.30 m). Aggregation, porosity and water infiltration attributes were evaluated. This work concludes a long-term study on the effects of TSE application on soil properties and on the Urochloa brizantha crop. In other works, carried out in the experimental area of the present study, it was found that TSE fertigation increases the yield and quality of Urochloa brizantha, increases soil fertility and does not lead to soil heavy metal contamination. We note the TSE fertigation does not change the aggregation, porosity, water infiltration rate and organic carbon content in the soil. Irrigation with TSE is recommended in areas with clayey soil and those cultivated with perennial grasses as it does not cause any damage to the physical quality of the soil. Thus, the TSE fertigation can be used on many crops as a source of water and nutrients, reducing the environmental contamination potential. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP – CEP, Jaboticabal Rio Verde University (UniRV), Fazenda Fontes do Saber CP 104 CEP, Rio Verde São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n - Jaboticabal/SP – CEP, Jaboticabal