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ABSTRACT: This research aimed to morphologically characterize and estimate the genetic diversity of 21 Capsicum accessions belonging to the Capsicum Germplasm Active Bank at the Universidade Federal do Piauí (BAGC-UFPI) using uni- and multivariate analysis. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, by completely randomized experimental design with four repetitions, with one plant per plot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the comparison of means for seven quantitative variables were performed, followed by clustering the averages by the Scott-Knott test (P < 0.05). The analysis of the seven quantitative and thirteen qualitative descriptors was estimated based on the Gower distance. Later, it was performed the principal component analysis and the UPGMA hierarchical cluster method. Results characterized and identified a wide intra- and interspecific genetic variability related to the fruit size, colors, and shapes among the Brazilian Capsicum genotypes belonging to the BAGC-UFPI. The descriptors used in this research were effective in the discrimination of the pepper accessions, especially the closely related C. frutescens and C. chinense species.

Cajui (Anacardium spp.) is a native fruit tree (small cashew) of the Brazilian Cerrado and possesses the potential for commercialization. However, cajui exploitation occurs exclusively through extractivism in the absence of conservation strategies. The lack of conservation strategies may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity of Anacardium. In this work, the genetic diversity and population structure of three natural populations in Sete Cidades National Park (PNSC; PI, Brazil) were assessed using ISSR analysis of 56 cajui accessions and two A. occidentale accessions (outgroup) from Pacajus (CE, Brazil). A total of 112 markers were obtained, 93 (83.04%) of which were polymorphic. The diversity indices of these populations indicated moderate levels of genetic diversity. According to AMOVA, 96.17% of the genetic variability lay within populations, with low genetic differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.03828). Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis indicated the existence of four connected genetic groups. The findings show that the individuals from the three collection sites did not represent different subpopulations, likely due to the high gene flow (Nm = 6.7) favored by the floral biology of Anacardium, pollinators and small-animal seed dispersers. This research identifies genetically divergent individuals (C-03, C-05, C-22, C-26, C-34 and C-39), which should be considered priority individuals for conservation and can inform conservation programs for Anacardium spp.

Há grande potencial de uso dos resíduos industriais compostados como substrato na produção de mudas de espécies ornamentais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de pimenta ornamental e celosia em substratos à base de composto de lodo de curtume. O experimento foi instalado em bandejas de isopor e os substratos utilizados foram: composto de lodo de curtume; composto de lodo de curtume + 10% de vermiculita; composto de lodo de curtume + 20% de vermiculita; substrato comercial à base de turfa, usado como controle. No composto de lodo de curtume, houve aumento na velocidade de emergência das plântulas apenas para pimenta ornamental. Para a fitomassa, a altura das plantas e para o comprimento das raízes, os maiores valores ocorreram nos tratamentos em que o substrato foi o composto de lodo de curtume, em relação à turfa. O maior valor de fitomassa das raízes foi obtido quando o substrato foi o composto de lodo de curtume associado com 10% de vermiculita. O composto de lodo de curtume é uma alternativa potencial para uso como substrato na produção de mudas de pimenta ornamental e celosia.For composted industrial wastes have high potential to use as substrate for seedling production of ornamental species, therefore that the aim of this work was to evaluate emergency and plant growth of ornamental Capsicum and Celosia in substrate based of tannery sludge compost. The experiment was carried out in trays and substrates were: tannery sludge compost, tannery sludge compost + 10% vermiculite, tannery sludge compost + 20% vermiculite, commercial substrate used as control. In the tannery sludge compost there was an increase in the rate of seedling emergence only for ornamental pepper. For the plant biomass, height and root length the highest values occurred in treatments where the substrate was tannery sludge compost as compared as with commercial substrate. The higher value of root biomass was obtained when the substrate was tannery sludge composted associated with 10% vermiculite. The tannery sludge compost may be a potential alternative for use as substrate in seedling production of ornamental Capsicum and celosia.