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This article examines the adverse effect of rapid industrialization around Bangladesh’s Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) by analyzing Landsat satellite images captured between 1989 and 2019. Image classification was performed to separate built-up areas with machine learning algorithms in Google Earth Engine. Image analysis was conducted using ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro. Field observations, interviews, and the literature review provided information for explanations about the phenomenon observed from satellite image analyses. The findings reveal that when DEPZ started its operation in 1993, there was hardly any built-up area in the vicinity. Within three decades, over 25% of the land within a 5 km radius of DEPZ has been converted into a built-up area, triggering an almost seven-fold increase in population. Industrial and urban growth in the DEPZ area has caused significant soil and water pollution in the broader region. As a result, the quantity and quality of agricultural land has degraded. In the long run, the planned industrial development initiative has contributed to unsustainable urban growth and environmental consequences. Insights drawn from this article can guide policymakers to re-evaluate their policy for rapid and large-scale industrialization.

This article examines Friedrich List’s critique of the Methuen Treaty. The Methuen Treaty removed all restrictions on English wool entering Portugal and reaffirmed England’s commitment to import Portuguese wines at two-thirds the tariffs of French wines. Friedrich List argues that the agreement hurt Portugal’s textile industry and slowed Portugal’s economic growth. List’s critique of the Methuen Treaty is a strong representation of his resistance to Adam Smith and Jean-Baptiste Say, but it is isolated from his robust theoretical framework. One possible explanation for the discontinuity is that the knowledge problem undermines List’s theory. The lack of local data makes it difficult to conduct an accurate and straightforward policy analysis of the Methuen Treaty, making the analysis vulnerable to normative interpretations. Specifically, List’s disagreement with Adam Smith’s cosmopolitanism pushed him further away from a straightforward application of his theory.

One of the most important concerns facing the world today is financial inclusion. Organizations, financial institutions, and people in positions of responsibility are all demonstrating an interest in learning more about this. Several industrialized and emerging nations have recognized financial exclusion as a major socio-economic problem that needs to be addressed. This paper aims to examine the factors influencing smallholder farmers' financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. Using the logistic regression analysis, the results of the study pointed out that there was a considerable correlation between a household's size, off-farm income, agricultural extension service, distance, and transaction costs in a logit model, which was used to determine whether it had access to financial services. Government and financial service providers should strive to make it easier for people to get to their nearest banking institutions by establishing access points close to their residences. Filling stations and major supermarkets are examples of places where these access points could be positioned. As a result of greater access to formal financial services, small-scale farmers may benefit. Financial service providers must perform regular charge reviews as one of the factors that may deter families from utilizing financial services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on development has long highlighted the role of international trade and developmental states as key factors in explaining divergent processes of economic development. A country's position in the world economy and its state's capacity to promote industrialization are seen as fundamental to understanding its development path. Yet, these approaches are often inadequate for explaining the actual contours of industrial and economic growth across the Global South. In this study, an in-depth case study of Brazil reveals the limits of the mainstream approaches and illustrates the centrality of the underlying agrarian economy for understanding the country's development path. Archival and quantitative data show that both the timing and location of industrialization in Brazil are better explained by the agrarian dynamics that unfolded in the country in the twentieth century. This has broader implications for understanding development processes throughout the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on labor externalization in Uganda, particularly its potential impact on driving the country's agroindustrialization agenda. Topics discussed include the reasons for labor externalization; its consequences for migrant workers; and Uganda's efforts to leverage this phenomenon for economic development, especially in the context of the National Development Plan III (NDP3).

Agriculture has prevailed over thousands of years, thanks to it a great diversity of products is obtained, which meet the demands of society, but for this it has needed various factors, to be able to transform this type of materials into products, which is done through industrialization, whose task is to process this raw material obtained through agriculture to transform it into a product and with this adding value, with which it will generate resources for both parties, the union of this type of activities is known as agribusiness. This work will be done through a small analysis of the agro-industrial sector in Mexico in a comparison of the years 2020 and 2021, with the aim of describing the changes that have arisen in these years, through a descriptive and exploratory methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the reasons behind the marked differences in the gender division of labour in the emerging textile factories in Japan and India in the first half of the twentieth century. In Japan, the overwhelming majority of the workers in spinning mills were young, unmarried women, while in India men—married as well as unmarried—formed the bulk of the factory textile workforce. We argue that variations in agrarian systems and labour regimes constitute an important set of factors explaining some of these differences in gender patterns. The structural differences in the productivity, intensity and the social organisation of labour in agricultural economies in both countries led to notable variances in the gender composition of the supply of (rural) labour for the factories. Differential deployment of rural farm and non-farm labour, in combination with distinct labour recruitment practices in the countryside, caused rural households to adopt radically different income-generating strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Agriculture lower growth and incapacity to meet demand from an increasing urban population and the expanding industrial sector, became a crucial issue in national politics. Topics include examines that the unequal agrarian structure was far from conducive to economic growth, the accepted interpretation is that sector negatively affected by economic policies aimed at promoting industrialization.

The Correlational Analysis between the Industrial Sector and Agricultural Sector towards Economic Development. This research aims to determine the current situation of the Construction, Manufacturing and Agriculture industry in the Philippines and the significant relationship of the manufacturing and construction industry towards the agriculture sector. The researchers gathered data from the Philippine Statistics Authority Using the Manufacturing and Construction Industry as the Dependent variable and Agricultural Sector as the independent variable. The researchers used statistical methods and measurements using Pearson correlation and Multiple Regression to determine their results. The Pearson correlation results indicate that there is a strong positive relationship between Manufacturing-Agriculture and Construction-Agriculture Industry. Our findings from the regression analysis suggest that there is a positive effect between the manufacturing industry, construction industry and agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contradiction between rural socioeconomic changes and residents' demands for a better life poses challenges for sustainable development. Industrial revitalization is a core issue in promoting rural economic development. Specialized villages, which focus on specific industries and excel in certain areas, are important pathways for increasing farmers' income, promoting industrial prosperity, and advancing agricultural modernization. However, there has been limited research on the spatial distribution and transformation patterns of rural industrial development models. In particular, in the context of rapid rural restructuring, understanding the spatial evolution of specialized villages is important for future rural development. Taking Henan Province—an important agricultural province in China—as a case, this study finds that the spatial evolution of specialized villages can be divided into six stages and three transformations corresponding to time period. The specialized villages show a spatial pattern of center–periphery, spatial agglomeration, and periphery–center development. In line with China's shift from quantitative expansion to qualitative reform, the types of specialized villages gradually diversified, driven by socioeconomic development and human behavioral factors in different periods. Although China's specialized villages show diversified development patterns, there remains a need to identify development patterns that are consistent with different types of villages to achieve high-quality development, fully implement rural revitalization, and provide typical cases for global sustainable development. By summarizing the development patterns of specialized villages, this study helps to accurately determine the value of specialized villages in rural development and to design more targeted paths for the development of rural industries, which is significant for promoting sustainable rural development and enhancing human well-being. • A typical model of rural industrial development is studied - specialized villages. • Evolutionary process was categorised following historical periodisation of China. • Spatial structure has evolved from discrete and isomorphic to diversified network. • Transformation mechanisms under the combined effect of multiple factors is explained. • Differentiated patterns go beyond linear transformation in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, leisure agriculture has been developing rapidly. Leisure agriculture has gradually become an important way to promote economic growth in rural areas and improve farmers’ income. By building a two-department general equilibrium model, this paper finds that the simple pursuit of leisure agriculture development may have a certain negative impact on the development of traditional industries in rural areas, so as to put forward the development idea of leisure agriculture industrialization. Combined with the general equilibrium model, it proves that the industrialization of leisure agriculture can promote the development of rural economy and improve the economic competitiveness of rural areas. The research of this paper enriches the research direction of leisure agriculture and provides theoretical support for the industrialization development of leisure agriculture.

The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, added value from agriculture and economic growth in the Visegrad Group countries. Four countries of Central Europe were studied the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in 2008–2019. Due to the objectives of the article, it was decided to use the panel model. The temporal scope of the research covers the years 2008–2019, i.e., two economic periods: 2008–2014 (a downward trend, including agriculture), and 2015–2019 (an upward trend). Greenhouse gas emissions are positively correlated with value added from agriculture and economic growth. The increase in the level of these variables stimulates of the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the countries of the Visegrad Group. The analysis of the eco-efficiency of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture, in relation to the gross added value produced, shows that the country with the least pollution of this value was Hungary, followed by Slovakia. The Czech Republic was third, and Poland was the last. The results of the research can be treated as a premise for a strategy for the development of agriculture, limiting the negative effects of its industrial development for more sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the experience generalization of the economic policy of the Soviet government. The purpose of the article is to highlight the general trends and features of the structural changes during the implementation of industrialization in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR, its achievements and shortcomings. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of objectivity and historicism, such as the consideration of individual phenomena and processes in their development and in close connection with the system of corresponding social relations. Historical phenomena are considered against the background of political processes, which implies the use of comparative analysis method, which allowed to clarify the essence of the economic priorities that were decisive for the Soviet period and determined the strategy for the formation of industries and everyday life patterns in the western region of Ukraine throughout the Soviet era. Scientific novelty. For the first time in historiography, a comprehensive study of the mechanism of rapid industrialization of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR was carried out, which was based on the "electrical equipment" in all sectors of the economy, due to structural changes, an increase in the share of energy-intensive industries, an increase in energy consumption for production in traditional industries - forestry, paper and woodworking, oil and gas, chemical mining complex. Conclusions. The process of industrialization of the western region of Ukraine was accompanied by large-scale construction of power plants, factories, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of workplaces, which contributed to the economic development of the region, employment of the population, and the creation of an industrial base from local resources. The western region of the republic developed at an accelerated pace, however, the low level of technology, imperfection of technology reduced the economic efficiency. At the same time, the main natural resources (oil, gas, potash salts, ozokerite, sulfur, coal) were depleted. It was fundamentally impossible to incorporate the market elements in the centrally planned economy, since everything was decided not by the manufacturers but by the party-state apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revue Française de Géotechnique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores how Swiss agronomists and farmers experienced, perceived, and interpreted the modernization of North American agriculture from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries by examining a series of travel reports, correspondence, diaries, photographs, and film material that they produced about their study trips to the United States and Canada. These sources are an interesting point of departure for transnational perspectives in agricultural history; they reveal not only a great deal about the expectations, anxieties, perceptions, and prejudices that Swiss agriculturalists expressed in their encounter with agricultural institutions, economic mentalities, and farming practices on the other side of the Atlantic, but, in a much broader sense, also about the contested visions of agriculture in the age of industrial capitalism. The article examines how these visitors perceived and interpreted the patterns of agricultural modernization in the United States and Canada and how they comparatively embedded these observations in the epistemic paradigms shaped by their experiences at home. Furthermore, the article explores how the preoccupation with American agriculture and the transformation of knowledge, technology, and practices across the Atlantic shaped the patterns of change in agriculture in Switzerland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal Mundo Asia Pacífico is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is not about work or labour itself, and how it changes historically in South Africa (from pastoral, to agricultural and industrial; native labour, wage labour, migrant labour etc.), but about how the meaning of ‘work’ and ‘labour’ itself changes. What we want to suggest, is that an ‘original’ meaning of the tasks/duties associated with ‘work’ was ‘woman’: ukusebenza. What men did, does not constitute ‘work’ but something else entirely: raiding, moving, occasional, going etc.: ukuphangela. It is in the latter term, ukuphangela, that the term ‘raid’ emerges, and the argument draws on this notion and meaning of raid to underscore the re-thinking of gender, the subject and her relation to work, and history. The paper operates in two registers, focusing on the historic meanings of work and labour in the Eastern Cape and tracing lateral translations of these meanings into East London in the 1950s. It argues that in re-thinking meanings of labour and work through multiple temporalities, and through the contested meanings of the isiXhosa terms ukusebenza and ukuphangela, these word fragments are read as ‘entryways to a wordliness’ that puts lateral universals and temporalities of work back into circulation. As such, we pose the question rather, following Anne Kelk Mager and Helen Bradford, of whether it is gender (and what it means to be a man or a woman) that is at the forefront not only of class and race struggles, but of what comes to constitute the meaning of ‘work’, a concept whose provenance and meaning changes, as we have noted, with the making of modernity, industrialisation/capitalism, and the ‘Europeanisation’ of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of archival materials and scientific literature, the article examines the history of agro-engineering education in the USSR during the global socio-economic and political transformations of the 1920s - 1930s. The article shows the importance of radical restructuring of the entire system of vocational education in accordance with the first Five-Year Plans. Presented are the major normative documents regulating the organization and further development of agricultural engineering universities. It is noted that the establishment of educational institutions took into account the specifics of soil and climatic zones, so that agricultural engineering universities would produce specialists familiar with the characteristics of the soil, climate, landscape of the respective zone, and able to work with equipment designed for the particular region. Between 1930 and 1941, nine agro-engineering universities were created, each designed with an eye for the regional specifics. The article highlights the key features of the formation of agro-engineering education, which consists in the use of local resources (primarily human and material) and of the technical base of industrial enterprises and advanced Sovkhoz state farms. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of specialized higher educational institutions to train engineers for agricultural production became an urgent need as the collectivization of agriculture and the industrialization of production was unfolding; it established a powerful foundation for the further development of agricultural engineering education, of science, and of agricultural machine production in our country.

This paper examines Chinese firms' operations in the Zambian and Malawian cotton sectors with emphasis on the manner and effects of knowledge transfer. As new players in the arena, Chinese investors have adopted business models and management styles that differ from those of previous foreign investors in the region. Their low-cost and low-risk approaches have helped them grow quickly in these two countries and seize considerable market share from the established Western investors. Through an in-depth case study and comparison with Western companies, the author reveals that the Chinese investors flexibly modify conventional knowledge transfer channels like labor training, demonstration, and forward and backward linkages to fit their business models and local socio-economic contexts. Simultaneously, they take advantage of China's strength in manufacturing and experiment with synergistic development in the industrial sector to overcome growth constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is generally found that human capital has had positive effects on industrial development and economic growth. But the relationship between formal education, work practice, industrial development and economic growth, and changes over time, remains unclear, largely because of a lack of empirical evidence. This note argues that an investigation of the Danish dairy industry can contribute to further our understanding of the impacts and limitations of formal education and practice. It describes unique sources that can be used to construct a database, which in turn can be used to make an empirically solid investigation of whether, and how, knowledge learned at school and through practice contributed to technological changes, diffusion of technology and increased productivity in the Danish dairy industry from the 1860s to 1920, a period when this industry went through a technological and industrial transformation. The purpose of this planned investigation will be to fill a gap in Danish historiography, but also to contribute to the wider literature about the role of education and practice in innovation with empirical evidence, and by further developing concepts of knowledge and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mihail Manoilescu strongly supported the industrialization of Romania during the interwar period. He felt that this was necessary in order to eliminate the developmental differences between Western and Eastern Europe. At that time, in Germany, there were plans for economic integration of the European continent (somewhat like today). These plans were, to a degree, at odds with Manoilescu's ideas about industrialization and the need for autarchy of national economies.

A growing body of research has sought to determine how different factors have affected urbanization in developed countries over the past decades. Yet, few studies have systematically examined urbanization’s driving forces, particularly in emerging economies. In 2008–2009, the Chinese government announced an economic stimulus program to revitalize an economy struck by the 2007–2008 Global Financial Crisis. This study aims to identify how urbanization’s driving forces evolved under a drastic change in fiscal policy and revisit the conventional urbanization theories in the Chinese context. Using a dataset covering 31 Chinese provinces and spanning the periods 2005–2011 and 2013–2015, we employ panel data regressions to analyze whether such a fiscal arrangement affected urbanization in China. Throughout the entire period, the fiscal stimulus program caused a change in the drivers for urbanization at the national and regional levels. Before the implementation of the program, industrialization drove urbanization. After the program’s implementation, land financialization was crucial in promoting urbanization across the country. Our findings challenge the conventional urbanization theory—industrialization is always the primary driving force of urbanization in emerging economies. Land financialization, a kind of tertiary production, can also drive urbanization significantly.

The process of transitioning from a rural to an urban setting and from an agricultural to an industrial economy is referred to as urbanization, a complex socioeconomic process. Peri-urbanization is very common in Vietnam, and urban centers are expanding into rural areas. However, there is frequently insufficient infrastructure to support such development. As a result of the restricted availability of land, urbanization frequently necessitates the acquisition of agricultural property by the state in order to encourage development. In this study, we compare land acquisition and compensation policies with post-acquisition livelihoods in Vietnam across urban strata. The study sites are urban regions of Hanoi, Danang, and Vinh. We collected qualitative and quantitative data via 370 questionnaires and 30 interviews. Our results indicate that policy implementation was lower in larger cities, but the post-acquisition employment of affected households followed the opposite trend. In all three locations, most households used compensation money to repay debt, repair or purchase assets such as homes and personal modes of transportation, and invest in future generations. After acquisition, Danang experienced a decline in their quality of life, as measured by their savings and their level of perceived comfort, whereas the other two cities saw an increase. Only Hanoi reported a higher level of post-acquisition life satisfaction. Post-acquisition livelihood is influenced in some way by each of the five variables that make up the sustainable livelihood model: natural, human, physical, social, and financial capital.

Industrial grain production occupies most of Iowa's farmland. Around the edges of corn and soybean monocultures, however, small-scale, diversified farmers establish alternative agricultural operations and sell to local markets. One narrative, "we feed the world", stretches across these two spheres; its roots lie in post-World War II geopolitics, and its contemporary iterations reflect the actions of private agricultural interest groups. As a rhetorical strategy, asserting "we feed the world" invokes neo-Malthusian fears to reposition differences in agricultural production systems within a moral framework where yield primarily determines agricultural legitimacy. This article ethnographically analyzes how this narrative intersects the lives and livelihoods of conventional and alternative farmers alike. Today, the narrative serves three functions: defending industrial agricultural systems against criticisms,justifying the pursuit of ever-higher yields on moral grounds, and gatekeeping agricultural legitimacy. Examining this discursive mechanism yields insight into the diversity of strategies through which actors within the industrial agricultural system reproduce particular land use practices in service of their own interests.

The second half of the nineteenth century was marked by the concomitant and entangled processes of the rise of agricultural chemistry and that of the fertiliser trade. Yet, while the two were undoubtedly related, the work of agricultural chemists was not necessarily characterized by the uniform and unequivocal promotion of fertilisers. This article looks at some of the complex ways in which chemists participated in the development of the fertiliser trade by studying how their work was used to ascribe a commercial price to a chemical element. It analyses the contested development of the idea that nitrogen, in particular, could be given a price, and shows how the rise of this quotation lay at the intersection of scientific and commercial considerations. More broadly, it argues that the importance of the new artificial fertilisers primarily lay not so much in yield increases as in inaugurating a new regime marked by a more comprehensive quantitative assessment of inputs and outputs, thereby playing a key role in the industrialisation of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction to the volume provides an overview of processes in the industrialization of agriculture in the 19th and 20th centuries with regard to fertilisation. It explains the interplay between the intensification of fertiliser usage and agricultural output which enabled immense population growth. It shows how chemical discoveries surrounding nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (NPK) eventually led to a diversification of markets and the formation of big fertiliser businesses. Indeed, every specific fertiliser chain was linked to a wide set of markets and institutions, as to stakeholders with various and potentially conflicting interests. This issue aims to shed light on this aspect within several regions across Europe and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on urban industrial development on Chicago's periphery. Topics include authors focusing on industrial development adjacent to Chicago in the 19th century while suggesting more remote industrial areas only arose in the 1920s or later; and providing scant justification for characterizing their initial impetus for settlement as agricultural trade centers.

The purpose of this article is to show that North American agriculture was a model for Brazilian agricultural policy and how it did happen. Since 1850 the Americans had been present selling their agricultural machines in Brazil. The Brazilian presence in the expositions of Philadelphia (1876) and Chicago (1893) had positive repercussions in Brazil, and the agricultural implements there exposed had great publicity here. O Derville Derby, geologist, head of the Geographical and Geological Commission of São Paulo recommended the North American model. Carlos Botelho, doctor and farmer and João Pedro Cardoso, engineer and head of the GGC from 1905 to 1928 visited the USA and published reports favorable to US agriculture, and the periodical adopted explicitly the American model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Historian R. Douglas Hurt introduces Carl Doerner's memories of life on his grandparents' traditional southern Indiana farm in the early to mid-twentieth century (DOI 10.2979/indimagahist.116.4.04). World War II brought capital-intensive specialization to American agriculture; before that period, many farmers like George and Ida Baas practiced traditional, diversified farming on small, family farms. Hurt discusses the economy and life of a small, traditional farm: the variety of crops and their harvesting; the livestock; the gendered distribution of farm labor; the impact of industrialization and rural electrification; and the family and community patterns of rural life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prime goals of this article are to classify farmers’ production structures in different regions through comparative analysis and propose a structural framework that can quantify the transformation and upgrade of the vegetable industry in Shaanxi. The study utilized New Structural Economics (NSE) theory to construct the theoretical model, and the empirical data set has been crafted from 1992 vegetable growers in the Shaanxi, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. We qualitatively evaluated the potentiality of the Shaanxi vegetable industry, facilitating an industrial upgrade by drawing on the development experience of other regions. More specifically, we utilized the tomato growers to construct a five-step analysis method to transform and upgrade the vegetable industries. This article found that the chosen three provinces have structural differences and similarities in their production sides, and, compared with Hebei and Shandong, the vegetable industry in Shaanxi is still in the catching-up stage. Hebei has similar planting characteristics to Shaanxi, but the production characteristics of growers in Shaanxi are quite different from those in Shandong. Therefore, tomato growers in Hebei are the desired learning object for growers in Shaanxi. By learning planting experience from Hebei growers, tomato growers in the Shaanxi Province can improve their yield and product quality. We found that Shaanxi farmers have 15.57 percent improvement potential in improving crop management and rational allocation of production materials. Proper information-sharing platforms should be implemented to grasp consumption trends on the demand side and guide industrial upgrading.

Spin-оff enterprises, founded in the academic environment, are technology-based enterprises which are based on the technological achievements produced by R&D activities and are established from universities and research institutes. It is a very important method of achievements industrialization in the world. This paper analyzes the necessity of developing agricultural science and technology Spin-off enterprises, the current situation and problems of agricultural science and technology enterprises, and puts forward suggestions for the developing of agricultural Spin-off enterprises, in order to provide reference for the rapid development of agricultural Spin-off enterprises in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A country's overall economic health is measured by looking at economic growth, economic development, and unemployment rate. Countries with lack of capital, infrastructure and isolation with other countries, factors that would affect a sustainable economic stability and maintaining low unemployment rate should focus on agricultural development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that will affect the development of agriculture which would then directly affect an economic stability and reduce unemployment rate. Factors we have considered are: the number of employees in the agricultural sector, the area of arable land, the export of agricultural products, GDP growth, unemployment rate, the development of the industrial sector and the development of the services sector, all of these as independent variables which we compared with development of the agricultural sector as dependent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research identifies the current state of the Atlantic department's agricultural units, allowing knowledge of weaknesses and strengths. A subjective interpretation, a central point for knowledge and understanding of the systemic - holistic reality of the study variable, is used as a methodology, based on the reflective analytical approach, with respect to the phenomenon and complexity, studied in the current theoretical references and classical disciplinary intellectual production. The findings show poverty figures, below the regional average, above the national average. The need to study the internal and external environment is concluded, considering technological progress and integration of the public and private of sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on economic writings of Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi and his critique of industrialization in particular, in light of Sismondi's self-proclaimed indebtedness to Adam Smith. It mentions Sismondi developed a critique of the British school of political economy and its corresponding model of economic development through the generalization of wage labor, mechanization, and large scale farming.