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The use of new technologies, designs of agricultural machines, as well as the correction of the situation that developed in 1990-2015, led to the need for an accelerated renewal of the machine-tractor fleet in the agricultural production of Russia. One of the instruments of this process is state support. Therefore, it is required to develop the state regulation new methods that stimulate the purchase of new equipment by agricultural producers. Our study purpose is to determine the possibilities of using the commodity lending mechanism to upgrade the machine-tractor fleet in modern conditions. The following tasks are supposed to be solved: - consideration of the using commodity lending experience as a state agrarian policy element; - formulating a mechanism for commodity lending, taking into account the lending object (equipment) characteristics; - determination of this mechanism parameters. One of the effective tools is commodity lending, adapted to the lending object characteristics. It is rational to use the repayment of the principal amount, both in cash and in products. Why use a grain equivalent, the basis of which will be the price of the 4th class wheat grain. In 2022, the purchase of an average tractor requires 324 tons of grain, and the purchase of a grain combine requires 657 tons (or 64.7 tons and 131.4 tons per year, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the vegetable growing industry in Russia is one of the priority areas of agricultural production. Providing domestically produced vegetables to the population of the country all year round, and in particular with onions, which occupies a significant place in the total volume of vegetable production, has not been fully resolved at present, which leads to dependence on imports. Therefore, research and development of onion planter devices that provide quality planting will increase the industrial production of marketable onions. The stable distribution of t h e bulbs during planting significantly affects the yield of the crop, since this forms the feeding area of the cultivated crop. Compliance with the uniform distribution of seed material is a priority when designing planters. A planting machin e h as a significant impact on the quality of planting onion sets in a mechanized way, the work of which determines the uniformity of the distribution of bulbs along the length of the planting furrow at a certain distance from each other. In turn, the drive of the planting device is usually carried out using gearboxes. The presented design of the stepless reducer of the onion planter with selected bearings and the performed test calculation for durability will ensure reliable operatio n of the planter during the period of operation of the planter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]