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Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum spp.) worldwide. Host resistance has proven the most effective method of controlling FHB in common wheat (T. aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes AABBDD). Progress in breeding for FHB resistance in durum wheat (T. turgidum L. ssp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB), however, has been limited by a lack of resistance sources. Fortunately, durum wheat has a large number of tetraploid relatives, which represent a gene pool for improvement of FHB resistance in durum. The objective of this study was to search for sources of FHB resistance in wild emmer wheat [T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Thell., 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB] (TDIC). We evaluated 416 accessions of wild emmer wheat for reaction to FHB using the point inoculation method in a greenhouse environment. Accessions exhibiting a low FHB disease rating in preliminary evaluations were retested in fully replicated experiments. Among the 416 accessions tested, there was wide variation in response to FHB, ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Several accessions showed minimal disease development across two or more seasons and represent potential new sources to enhance resistance of durum wheat to FHB.

Genetic transformation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) holds promise for increasing yields and disease resistance. However, the tissue culture and transformation process may produce undesirable field characteristics in transgenic sugarcane. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate variability in agronomic characteristics and field disease resistance of sugarcane transformed for resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strain E. One hundred plants derived from cultivars CP 84-1198 (n = 82) and CP 80-1827 (n = 18), consisting of independent virus resistant lines VR 1 (n = 14), VR 4 (n = 24), VR 14 (n = 4), and VR 18 (n = 58) were evaluated in Exp. 1. Transgenics derived from CP 84-1198 had significantly greater tonnes of sucrose per hectare (TSH) and significantly lower SCMV disease incidence than those from CP 80-1827 in the plant-cane (PC), first-ratoon (1R), and second-ratoon (2R) crops. Plants from the VR 18 line had significantly greater economic indices and lower SCMV disease incidence than the VR 4 line in all three crops. Phenotypic variation was high in Exp. 1, with tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH) ranging from 26 to 211 and TSH from 3.2 to 28.9 in the PC crop. Agronomic trait variation decreased with increased selection pressure in Exp. 2, evaluating 30 VR 18 lines, with TCH ranging from 70 to 149 and TSH from 8.5 to 19.0 in PC. The large variability in yield characteristics and disease resistance encountered in this study demonstrates the necessity of thorough field evaluation of transgenic sugarcane while selecting genetically stable and agronomically acceptable material for commercial use. Abbreviations: 1R, first ratoon; 2R, second ratoon; CP, Canal Point; DSI, disease severity index; EREC, Everglades Research and Education Center; KST, kilograms sucrose [tonne.sup.-1]; PC, plant cane; SCMV, Sugarcane mosaic virus; TCH, tonnes cane [ha.sup.-1]; TSH, tonnes sucrose [ha.sup.-1]; VR, virus resistant., SUGARCANE MOSAIC VIRUS has recently been increasing in frequency and extent in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Florida (Comstock et al., 2000). Sugarcane mosaic virus had devastating effects on the [...]

The characterization of the World Collection of Sugarcane is needed for effective preservation and use of genetic resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate sugarcane germplasm from field plots by means of an analysis of sugar composition of four Saccharum species (32 S. officinarum L., 30 S. barberi Jesw., 27 S. robustum Brandes and Jeswiet ex Grassl, and 28 S. sinense Roxb.) plus four commercial cultivars. Stalks were cut from all clones of 1-yr-old plant cane and 11 clones from the first ratoon crop were crushed for juice analysis by conventional (Brix-pol) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Most juice quality measurements showed a significant interaction between clones and crop cycles. The frequency distribution of sucrose content of the plant cane for S. officinarum, S. barberi, and S. robustum showed a marked skewness toward high sucrose content. The four species, however, showed different trends based on sugar content: S. officinarum clones were distributed in the plot of low glucose and fructose contents with sucrose content extending from low to high; S. sinense clones were distributed in the plot from low sucrose and low glucose-fructose to high sucrose and high glucose-fructose; and S. barberi and S. robustum clones were distributed in the plot between the former two species. Cluster analysis also indicated the heterogeneity within and among these four species. Information on sugar composition should assist curators in separating clones in their collection and breeders in selecting superior clones for use in their breeding programs., THE WORLD COLLECTION OF SUGARCANE and related rasses is currently vegetatively maintained at both USDA-ARS Clonal Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL, and the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India. The Collection at [...]

The sugarcane borer [Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius)] is an important insect pest of sugarcane grown in the Americas. Environmental and economic concerns are driving these sugarcane industries to consider alternatives to insecticides for controlling damaging infestations of the borer. Breeding for resistance is a viable option; however, little is known of the inheritance of sugarcane borer resistance. The inheritance of sugarcane borer resistance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) was investigated in a field study conducted in 1990, 1992, and 1993. We measured resistance by both plant damage response ratings and mean percent internodes damaged. Seedling progeny ([F.sub.1] plants generated from seed) from 21 to 27 crosses were evaluated each year. These progeny originated from a mating design with females nested within males. Parental genotypes were randomly selected for borer resistance, but were elite cultivars adapted to Louisiana. Data were collected from progeny infested with artificially introduced sugarcane borers. Narrow-sense heritability on a single-plot basis (36 plants measured per plot) for damage ratings ([h.sup.2] = 0.73) and for percent damaged internodes ([h.sup.2] = 0.76) were high and of comparable magnitude. For both traits, we detected neither dominance nor additive x year interaction; however, dominance x year interaction variance existed. The potential for genetic advance (GA) from direct selection against percent damaged internodes (GA = 33.9% of mean bored internode) was higher than that from direct selection for lower damage rating (13.5% of mean rating). The much greater resources needed to effect selection for percent bored internodes (approx. 24 times that for rating) suggested direct selection for damage rating may be more efficient. Because the traits were highly correlated ([r.sub.A] = 0.94) and their heritabilities high, correlated gains in percent damaged internodes by direct selection for damage rating were nearly as high as direct selection for percent damaged internodes (31% indirect vs. 33.9% direct)., THE SUGARCANE BORER is historically the most important insect pest of sugarcane in Louisiana (Long, 1969). Larval borers damage cane by boring into cane stalks were they ultimately pupate and [...]

`CP 92-1213' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. Barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb, amend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-113, PI 614091) was selected from [...]

`Ransom' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-891, PI 607569) is a hard red winter wheat developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and [...]

`CP 92-1641' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-114, PI 614092) was selected from [...]

`CP 92-1666' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-115, PI 614093) was selected from [...]

`HoCP 91-555' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-112, PI 612671) was selected from [...]

`Maier' (Reg. no. CV-885, PI 607531), spring durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.) Husn.] was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and [...]

`Mountrail' (Reg. no. CV-886, PI 607530), spring durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.) Husn.] was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and [...]

`CP 89-1509' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. Spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. emend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-111, PI 612672) was selected from [...]

`CP 88-1540' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. Emend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-107, PI 607916) was selected from [...]

`CP 89-2143' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. Emend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-109, PI 607918) was selected from [...]

`Belzer' (Reg. no. CV-868, PI 603286), spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and officially [...]

Rusty (Reg. no. GS-155, PI 639869), a genetic stock of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) that is a near universally susceptible to wheat stem rust (caused by Puccinia [...]

ND 735, a hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. GP-800, PI 639729), was developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, ND. ND 735 was released [...]

ND 652 (Reg. no. GP-783, PI 639177) is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, ND, USA. ND 652 was released [...]

'CP 97-1944' (Reg. no. CV-126, PI 639109) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected from [...]

'CP 97-1989' (Reg. no. CV-127, PI 639110) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected from [...]

'Morton' spring oat (Avena sativa L.) (Reg. no. CV-373, Pl 633005) was developed at the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and released by the Agricultural Experiment [...]

'CP 96-1602' (Reg. no. CV-121, PI 635107) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected from [...]

'HoCP 96-540' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. spontaneum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-123, PI 635995) was selected at [...]

ND 744 (Reg. no. GP-778, PI 634936) is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, ND, USA. ND 744 was released [...]

'Dapps' (Reg. no. CV-956, PI 633862), is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment [...]

'CP 94-1100' (Reg. no. CV-119, PI 634708) sugarcane [a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., S. robustum Brandes & Jeswiet ex Grassl and S. [...]

'Jerry' hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-940, PI 632433) was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and released in [...]

`Lebsock' (Reg. no. CV-911, PI 613620), spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.), was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and officially [...]

'TCP89-3505' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. spontaneum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, and S. sinense Roxb.) (Reg. no. CV-125, P1638504) was developed by the Texas Agricultural Experiment [...]

'HiFi' spring oat (Avena sativa L.) (Reg. no. CV-372, PI 633006) was developed at the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and released by the Agricultural Experiment [...]

'Steele-ND' (Reg. no. CV-965, PI 634981) is a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar developed at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released by the North Dakota Agricultural [...]

'CP 89-2376' (Reg. no. CV-122, PI 634709) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected from [...]

'CP 96-1252' (Reg. no. CV-120, PI 634935) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected from [...]

'CP 94-1340' (Reg. no. CV-118, PI 634707) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected from [...]

'Dilse' (Reg. no. CV-938, PI 632367) spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and released [...]

'Pierce' (Reg. no. CV-937, PI 632366) spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and released [...]

'TCP 93-4245' sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. spontaneum L., and S. barberi Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-117, PI 632233) was selected in south Texas from progeny of [...]

`Plaza' (Reg. no. CV-910, PI 613619), spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.), was developed by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with USDA-ARS and officially [...]

The sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) germplasm clones HoCP 92-678, HoCP 93-775, HoCP 93-776, US 93-15, US 93-16, US 93-17, US 96-1, US 96-2, US 96-3, US 96-4, US 96-5, and [...]