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The article presents a study on the application of either a cross-flow, a co-flow or a variable alternating electric field in enhancing the fluidization quality of nanopowders. The study found that the most effective technique is the application of a nonuniform alternating electric field which is weak in the vicinity of the free surface but strong close to the bottom. The technique reportedly achieved highly expanded fluidization even though the fluidization state returns to be heterogeneous upon the electric field being turned off.

This article examines the use of nitrogen and neon as fluidizing gases for fine and ultrafine particles. Some agglomerated fine and ultrafine particles show uniform, nonbubbling fluidization called agglomerate particulate fluidization when they are fluidized by a gas. It provides a description of the types of fluidization behavior observed for fluidized beds of noncohesive particles and the empirical criteria formulated for the prediction. Powders examined are consisted of micron sized polymer particles, and titania nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles.