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There is an overlap comparing transition zone prostate cancer (TZ PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), creating additional challenges for assessment of TZ tumors on MRI.To evaluate whether amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging provides new diagnostic ideas for TZ PCa.Prospective.A total of 51 TZ PCa patients (age, 49-89), 44 stromal BPH (age, 57-92), and 45 glandular BPH patients (age, 56-92).A 3 T; T2WI turbo spin echo (TSE), quantitative T2*-weighted imaging, DWI echo planar imaging, 3D APTw TSE.Differences in APTw, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and T2* among three lesions were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Regions of interest were drawn by two radiologists (X.Q.Z. and X.Y.Q., with 21 and 15 years of experience, respectively).Multivariable logistic regression analyses; ANOVA with post hoc testing; receiver operator characteristic curve analysis; Delong test. Significance level: P 0.05.APTw among TZ PCa, stromal BPH, and glandular BPH (3.48% ± 0.83% vs. 2.76% ± 0.49% vs. 2.72% ± 0.45%, respectively) were significantly different except between stromal BPH and glandular BPH (P 0.99). Significant differences were found in ADC (TZ PCa 0.76 ± 0.16 × 10APTw imaging has the potential to be of added value to ADC in differentiating TZ PCa from BPH and stromal BPH.2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) remains unclear, investigations of amide proton transfer (APT) signals in WMH disease may provide relevant pathophysiological information. PURPOSE To evaluate the APT signals differences and heterogeneity of WMH and adjacent normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) at different Fazekas grades and different locations. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION In all, 180 WMH patients (age, 40-76; male/female, 77/103) and 59 healthy controls (age, 42-70; male/female, 23/36). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3 T; 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), 3D APT-weighted (APTw). ASSESSMENT The mean APTw values (APTwmean ) and the APTw signals heterogeneity (APTwmax-min ) among different grades WMH and NAWM and the APTwmean of the same grade deep WMH (DWMH) and paraventricular WMH (PWMH) were calculated and compared. Regions of interests were delineated on WMH lesions, NAWM and healthy white matter. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); independent sample t test; Chi-square test. Significance level: P