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1. Vascular Function Is Improved After an Environmental Enrichment Program

Author

Bruno, Rosa Maria, Stea, Francesco, Sicari, Rosa, Ghiadoni, Lorenzo, Taddei, Stefano, Ungar, Andrea, Bonuccelli, Ubaldo, Tognoni, Gloria, Cintoli, Simona, Del Turco, Serena, Sbrana, Silverio, Gargani, Luna, D'Angelo, Gennaro, Pratali, Lorenza, Berardi, Nicoletta, Maffei, Lamberto, Picano Eugenio, on behalf of Train the Brain Consortium. Full list of consortium members: Maffei L, Picano E, Andreassi MG, Angelucci A, Baldacci F, Baroncelli L, Begenisic T, Bellinvia PF, Berardi N, Biagi L, Bonaccorsi J, Bonanni E, Bonuccelli U, Borghini A, Braschi C, Broccardi M, Bruno RM, Caleo M, Carlesi C, Carnicelli L, Cartoni G, Cecchetti L, Cenni MC, Ceravolo R, Chico L, Cintoli S, Cioni G, Costa M, D’Angelo G, D’Ascanio P, De Nes M, Del Turco S, Di Coscio E, Di Galante M, di Lascio N, Faita F, Falorni I, Faraguna U, Fenu A, Fortunato L, Franco R, Gargani L, Gargiulo R, Ghiadoni L, Giorgi FS, Iannarella R, Iofrida C, Kusmic C, Limongi F, Maestri M, Maffei M, Maggi S, Mainardi M, Mammana L, Marabotti A, Mariotti V, Melissari E, Mercuri A, Molinaro S, Narducci R, Navarra T, Noale M, Pagni C, Palumbo S, Pasquariello R, Pellegrini S, Pietrini P, Pizzorusso T, Poli A, Pratali L, Retico A, Ricciardi E, Rota G, Sale A, Sbrana S, Scabia G, Scali M, Scelfo D, Sicari R, Siciliano G, Stea F, Taddei S, Tognoni G, Tonacci A, Tosetti M, Turchi S, Volpi L, Bruno, Rosa Maria, Stea, Francesco, Sicari, Rosa, Ghiadoni, Lorenzo, Taddei, Stefano, Ungar, Andrea, Bonuccelli, Ubaldo, Tognoni, Gloria, Cintoli, Simona, Del Turco, Serena, Sbrana, Silverio, Gargani, Luna, D'Angelo, Gennaro, Pratali, Lorenza, Berardi, Nicoletta, Maffei, Lamberto, Picano, Eugenio, on behalf of Train the Brain Consortium., Full list of consortium members: Maffei L, Picano, E, Andreassi, Mg, Angelucci, A, Baldacci, F, Baroncelli, L, Begenisic, T, Bellinvia, Pf, Berardi, N, Biagi, L, Bonaccorsi, J, Bonanni, E, Bonuccelli, U, Borghini, A, Braschi, C, Broccardi, M, Bruno, Rm, Caleo, M, Carlesi, C, Carnicelli, L, Cartoni, G, Cecchetti, L, Cenni, Mc, Ceravolo, R, Chico, L, Cintoli, S, Cioni, G, Costa, M, D’Angelo, G, D’Ascanio, P, De Nes, M, Del Turco, S, Di Coscio, E, Di Galante, M, di Lascio, N, Faita, F, Falorni, I, Faraguna, U, Fenu, A, Fortunato, L, Franco, R, Gargani, L, Gargiulo, R, Ghiadoni, L, Giorgi, F, Iannarella, R, Iofrida, C, Kusmic, C, Limongi, F, Maestri, M, Maffei, M, Maggi, S, Mainardi, M, Mammana, L, Marabotti, A, Mariotti, V, Melissari, E, Mercuri, A, Molinaro, S, Narducci, R, Navarra, T, Noale, M, Pagni, C, Palumbo, S, Pasquariello, R, Pellegrini, S, Pietrini, P, Pizzorusso, T, Poli, A, Pratali, L, Retico, A, Ricciardi, E, Rota, G, Sale, A, Sbrana, S, Scabia, G, Scali, M, Scelfo, D, Sicari, R, Siciliano, G, Stea, F, Taddei, S, Tognoni, G, Tonacci, A, Tosetti, M, Turchi, S, and Volpi, L

Subjects
Male, control groups, medicine.medical_specialty, Brachial Artery, Pulse Wave Analysis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, endothelial progenitor cell, 0302 clinical medicine, cognitive dysfunction, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Internal Medicine, medicine, human, Brachial artery, Cognitive decline, humans, Pulse wave velocity, Aged, endothelial progenitor cells, Aged, 80 and over, Environmental enrichment, business.industry, control group, Area under the curve, Neuropsychology, Brain, vascular stiffness, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Exercise Therapy, Vasodilation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Endothelium, Vascular, Alzheimer's disease, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Environmental enrichment may slow cognitive decay possibly acting through an improvement in vascular function. Aim of the study was to assess the effects of a 7-month cognitive, social, and physical training program on cognitive and vascular function in patients with mild cognitive impairment. In a single-center, randomized, parallel-group study, 113 patients (age, 65–89 years) were randomized to multidomain training (n=55) or usual care (n=58). All participants underwent neuropsychological tests and vascular evaluation, including brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, carotid distensibility, and assessment of circulating hematopoietic CD34+ and endothelial progenitor cells. At study entry, an age-matched control group (n=45) was also studied. Compared with controls, patients had at study entry a reduced flow-mediated dilation (2.97±2.14% versus 3.73±2.06%; P =0.03) and hyperemic stimulus (shear rate area under the curve, 19.1±15.7 versus 25.7±15.1×10 −3 ; P =0.009); only the latter remained significant after adjustment for confounders ( P =0.03). Training improved Alzheimer disease assessment scale cognitive (training, 14.0±4.8 to 13.1±5.5; nontraining, 12.1±3.9 to 13.2±4.8; P for interaction visit×training=0.02), flow-mediated dilation (2.82±2.19% to 3.40±1.81%, 3.05±2.08% to 2.24±1.59%; P =0.006; P =0.023 after adjustment for diameter and shear rate area under the curve), and circulating hematopoietic CD34 + cells and prevented the decline in carotid distensibility (18.4±5.3 to 20.0±6.6, 23.9±11.0 to 19.5±7.1 Pa −1 ; P =0.005). The only clinical predictor of improvement of cognitive function after training was established hypertension. There was no correlation between changes in measures of cognitive and vascular function. In conclusion, a multidomain training program slows cognitive decline, especially in hypertensive individuals. This effect is accompanied by improved systemic endothelial function, mobilization of progenitor CD34 + cells, and preserved carotid distensibility. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01725178.

Published
2018
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2. Brain Hemodynamic Intermediate Phenotype Links Vitamin B12 to Cognitive Profile of Healthy and Mild Cognitive Impaired Subjects

Author

Cecchetti L., Lettieri G., Handjaras G., Leo A., Ricciardi E., Pietrini P., Pellegrini S., Andreassi M. G., Angelucci A., Baldacci F., Baroncelli L., Begenisic T., Bellinvia P. F., Biagi L., Bonaccorsi J., Bonanni E., Borghini A., Braschi C., Broccardi M., Caleo M., Carlesi C., Carnicelli L., Cartoni G., Cenni M. C., Ceravolo R., Chico L., Cioni G., Costa M., D'Ascanio P., De Nes M., Di Coscio E., Di Galante M., di Lascio N., Faita F., Falorni I., Faraguna U., Fenu A., Fortunato L., Franco R., Gargiulo R., Giorgi F. S., Iannarella R., Iofrida C., Kusmic C., Limongi F., Maestri M., Maffei M., Maggi S., Mainardi M., Mammana L., Marabotti A., Mariotti V., Melissari E., Mercuri A., Molinaro S., Narducci R., Navarra T., Noale M., Pagni C., Palumbo S., Pasquariello R., Pizzorusso T., Poli A., Retico A., Rota G., Sale A., Scabia G., Scali M., Scelfo D., Siciliano G., Tonacci A., Tosetti M., Turchi S., Volpi L., Cecchetti, L., Lettieri, G., Handjaras, G., Leo, A., Ricciardi, E., Pietrini, P., Pellegrini, S., Andreassi, M. G., Angelucci, A., Baldacci, F., Baroncelli, L., Begenisic, T., Bellinvia, P. F., Biagi, L., Bonaccorsi, J., Bonanni, E., Borghini, A., Braschi, C., Broccardi, M., Caleo, M., Carlesi, C., Carnicelli, L., Cartoni, G., Cenni, M. C., Ceravolo, R., Chico, L., Cioni, G., Costa, M., D'Ascanio, P., De Nes, M., Di Coscio, E., Di Galante, M., di Lascio, N., Faita, F., Falorni, I., Faraguna, U., Fenu, A., Fortunato, L., Franco, R., Gargiulo, R., Giorgi, F. S., Iannarella, R., Iofrida, C., Kusmic, C., Limongi, F., Maestri, M., Maffei, M., Maggi, S., Mainardi, M., Mammana, L., Marabotti, A., Mariotti, V., Melissari, E., Mercuri, A., Molinaro, S., Narducci, R., Navarra, T., Noale, M., Pagni, C., Palumbo, S., Pasquariello, R., Pizzorusso, T., Poli, A., Retico, A., Rota, G., Sale, A., Scabia, G., Scali, M., Scelfo, D., Siciliano, G., Tonacci, A., Tosetti, M., Turchi, S., and Volpi, L.

Subjects
Vitamin, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Homocysteine, Brain activity and meditation, Longitudinal Studie, Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia, lcsh:RC321-571, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Neuroimaging, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Vitamin B12, Hemodynamic, Longitudinal Studies, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Anterior cingulate cortex, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Neuropsychology, Hemodynamics, Brain, Vitamin B 12, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Phenotype, Neurology, chemistry, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cohort Studie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Human, Research Article
Abstract

Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine are implicated in pivotal neurodegenerative mechanisms and partake in elders' mental decline. Findings on the association between vitamin-related biochemistry and cognitive abilities suggest that the structural and functional properties of the brain may represent an intermediate biomarker linking vitamin concentrations to cognition. Despite this, no previous study directly investigated whether vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels are sufficient to explain individual neuropsychological profiles or, alternatively, whether the activity of brain regions modulated by these compounds better predicts cognition in elders. Here, we measured the relationship between vitamin blood concentrations, scores at seventeen neuropsychological tests, and brain activity of sixty-five elders spanning from normal to Mild Cognitive Impairment. We then evaluated whether task-related brain responses represent an intermediate phenotype, providing a better prediction of subjects' neuropsychological scores, as compared to the one obtained considering blood biochemistry only. We found that the hemodynamic activity of the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was positively associated (p value < 0 05 cluster corrected) with vitamin B12 concentrations, suggesting that elders with higher B12 levels had a more pronounced recruitment of this salience network region. Crucially, the activity of this area significantly predicted subjects' visual search and attention abilities (p value = 0 0023), whereas B12 levels per se failed to do so. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between blood biochemistry and elders' cognitive abilities is revealed when brain activity is included into the equation, thus highlighting the role of brain imaging as intermediate phenotype. Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine are implicated in pivotal neurodegenerative mechanisms and partake in elders' mental decline. Findings on the association between vitamin-related biochemistry and cognitive abilities suggest that the structural and functional properties of the brain may represent an intermediate biomarker linking vitamin concentrations to cognition. Despite this, no previous study directly investigated whether vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels are sufficient to explain individual neuropsychological profiles or, alternatively, whether the activity of brain regions modulated by these compounds better predicts cognition in elders. Here, we measured the relationship between vitamin blood concentrations, scores at seventeen neuropsychological tests, and brain activity of sixty-five elders spanning from normal to Mild Cognitive Impairment. We then evaluated whether task-related brain responses represent an intermediate phenotype, providing a better prediction of subjects' neuropsychological scores, as compared to the one obtained considering blood biochemistry only. We found that the hemodynamic activity of the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was positively associated (p value < 0 05 cluster corrected) with vitamin B12 concentrations, suggesting that elders with higher B12 levels had a more pronounced recruitment of this salience network region. Crucially, the activity of this area significantly predicted subjects' visual search and attention abilities (p value = 0 0023), whereas B12 levels per se failed to do so. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between blood biochemistry and elders' cognitive abilities is revealed when brain activity is included into the equation, thus highlighting the role of brain imaging as intermediate phenotype.

Published
2019

3. Effects of combined training on neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with cognitive decline

Author

Cintoli, S., Radicchi, C., Noale, M., Maggi, S., Meucci, G., Tognoni, G., Bonuccelli, U., Sale, A., Berardi, N., Maffei, L., Picano, E., Andreassi, M. G., Angelucci, A., Baldacci, F., Baroncelli, L., Begenisic, T., Bellinvia, P. F., Biagi, L., Bonaccorsi, J., Bonanni, E., Borghini, A., Braschi, C., Broccardi, M., Bruno, R. M., Caleo, M., Carlesi, C., Carnicelli, L., Cartoni, G., Cecchetti, L., Cenni, M. C., Ceravolo, R., Chico, L., Cioni, G., Coscia, M., Costa, M., D'Angelo, G., D'Ascanio, P., Denes, M., Delturco, S., Dicoscio, E., Digalante, M., Dilascio, N., Faita, F., Falorni, I., Faraguna, U., Fenu, A., Fortunato, L., Franco, R., Gargani, L., Gargiulo, R., Ghiadoni, L., Giorgi, F. S., Iannarella, R., Iofrida, C., Kusmic, C., Limongi, F., Maestri, M., Maffei, M., Mainardi, M., Mammana, L., Marabotti, A., Mariotti, V., Melissari, E., Mercuri, A., Micera, S., Molinaro, S., Narducci, R., Navarra, T., Pagni, C., Palumbo, S., Pasquariello, R., Pellegrini, S., Pietrini, P., Pizzorusso, T., Poli, A., Pratali, L., Retico, A., Ricciardi, E., Rota, G., Sbrana, S., Scabia, G., Scali, M., Scelfo, D., Sicari, R., Siciliano, G., Stea, F., Taddei, S., Tonacci, A., Tosetti, M., Turchi, S., Volpi, L., Cintoli, S., Radicchi, C., Noale, M., Maggi, S., Meucci, G., Tognoni, G., Bonuccelli, U., Sale, A., Berardi, N., Maffei, L., Picano, E., Andreassi, M. G., Angelucci, A., Baldacci, F., Baroncelli, L., Begenisic, T., Bellinvia, P. F., Biagi, L., Bonaccorsi, J., Bonanni, E., Borghini, A., Braschi, C., Broccardi, M., Bruno, R. M., Caleo, M., Carlesi, C., Carnicelli, L., Cartoni, G., Cecchetti, L., Cenni, M. C., Ceravolo, R., Chico, L., Cioni, G., Coscia, M., Costa, M., D'Angelo, G., D'Ascanio, P., Denes, M., Delturco, S., Dicoscio, E., Digalante, M., Dilascio, N., Faita, F., Falorni, I., Faraguna, U., Fenu, A., Fortunato, L., Franco, R., Gargani, L., Gargiulo, R., Ghiadoni, L., Giorgi, F. S., Iannarella, R., Iofrida, C., Kusmic, C., Limongi, F., Maestri, M., Maffei, M., Mainardi, M., Mammana, L., Marabotti, A., Mariotti, V., Melissari, E., Mercuri, A., Micera, S., Molinaro, S., Narducci, R., Navarra, T., Pagni, C., Palumbo, S., Pasquariello, R., Pellegrini, S., Pietrini, P., Pizzorusso, T., Poli, A., Pratali, L., Retico, A., Ricciardi, E., Rota, G., Sbrana, S., Scabia, G., Scali, M., Scelfo, D., Sicari, R., Siciliano, G., Stea, F., Taddei, S., Tonacci, A., Tosetti, M., Turchi, S., and Volpi, L.

Subjects
Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, education, Psychological intervention, Neuropsychiatric symptom, Disease, Neuropsychological Tests, Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, Medicine, Dementia, Humans, Mild cognitive impairment, Neuropsychiatric symptoms, Non-pharmacological interventions, Physical and cognitive training, In patient, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cognitive decline, Aged, business.industry, Non-pharmacological intervention, Cognition, medicine.disease, Cognitive training, humanities, Physical therapy, Neuropsychological Test, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Human
Abstract

Background and aims: Cognitive impairments associated with aging and dementia are major sources of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) and deterioration in quality of life (QoL). Preventive measures to both reduce disease and improve QoL in those affected are increasingly targeting individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at early disease stage. However, NPs and QoL outcomes are too commonly overlooked in intervention trials. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of physical and cognitive training on NPs and QoL in MCI. Methods: Baseline data from an MCI court (N = 93, mean age 74.9 ± 4.7) enrolled in the Train the Brain (TtB) study were collected. Subjects were randomized in two groups: a group participated to a cognitive and physical training program, while the other sticked to usual standard care. Both groups underwent a follow-up re-evaluation after 7months from baseline. NPs were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and QoL was assessed using Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) scale. Results: After 7months of training, training group exhibited a significant reduction of NPs and a significant increase in QOL-AD with respect to no-training group (p = 0.0155, p = 0.0013, respectively). Our preliminary results suggest that a combined training can reduce NPs and improve QoL. Conclusions: Measuring QoL outcomes is a potentially important factor in ensuring that a person with cognitive deficits can ‘live well’ with pathology. Future data from non-pharmacological interventions, with a larger sample and a longer follow-up period, could confirm the results and the possible implications for such prevention strategies for early cognitive decline. Background and aims: Cognitive impairments associated with aging and dementia are major sources of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPs) and deterioration in quality of life (QoL). Preventive measures to both reduce disease and improve QoL in those affected are increasingly targeting individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at early disease stage. However, NPs and QoL outcomes are too commonly overlooked in intervention trials. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of physical and cognitive training on NPs and QoL in MCI. Methods: Baseline data from an MCI court (N = 93, mean age 74.9 ± 4.7) enrolled in the Train the Brain (TtB) study were collected. Subjects were randomized in two groups: a group participated to a cognitive and physical training program, while the other sticked to usual standard care. Both groups underwent a follow-up re-evaluation after 7 months from baseline. NPs were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and QoL was assessed using Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) scale. Results: After 7 months of training, training group exhibited a significant reduction of NPs and a significant increase in QOL-AD with respect to no-training group (p = 0.0155, p = 0.0013, respectively). Our preliminary results suggest that a combined training can reduce NPs and improve QoL. Conclusions: Measuring QoL outcomes is a potentially important factor in ensuring that a person with cognitive deficits can ‘live well’ with pathology. Future data from non-pharmacological interventions, with a larger sample and a longer follow-up period, could confirm the results and the possible implications for such prevention strategies for early cognitive decline.

Published
2019

4. Randomized trial on the effects of a combined physical/cognitive training in aged MCI subjects: The Train the Brain study

Author

Chiara Braschi, I. Falorni, Gennaro D'Angelo, Margherita Maffei, Antonella Mercuri, Marco Mainardi, Maria Chiara Scali, L. Gargani, Eugenio Picano, Francesco Stea, Nicoletta Berardi, G. Cartoni, Alessandro Tonacci, Roberto Ceravolo, Matteo Caleo, Claudia Kusmic, Silvestro Micera, M. Di Galante, Tommaso Pizzorusso, Michelangelo Maestri, Loredana Fortunato, Lamberto Maffei, Pietro Pietrini, Luca Cecchetti, L. Mammana, C. Carlesi, Maria Grazia Andreassi, Andrea Borghini, Silverio Sbrana, T. Navarra, Tatjana Begenisic, F. Limongi, Veronica Mariotti, Leda Volpi, F. S. Giorgi, Laura Biagi, Maria Cristina Cenni, Danilo Scelfo, Martina Coscia, Andrea Angelucci, Enrica Bonanni, Rosa Sicari, Ugo Faraguna, S. Del Turco, Lorenza Pratali, Roberta Franco, Marianna Noale, Joyce Bonaccorsi, Alessandro Sale, Sara Palumbo, Sabrina Molinaro, Gloria Tognoni, Rosa Maria Bruno, Rosa Pasquariello, Mario Costa, Laura Baroncelli, Cristina Pagni, S. Turchi, Erika Melissari, Filippo Baldacci, Roberta Narducci, M. Broccardi, M. De Nes, A. Marabotti, Giovanni Cioni, Stefano Taddei, E Di Coscio, Michela Tosetti, R. Iannarella, Simona Cintoli, R. Gargiulo, Francesco Faita, Gabriele Siciliano, Paola D'Ascanio, Giuseppina Rota, Silvia Pellegrini, P. F. Bellinvia, Ubaldo Bonuccelli, L. Carnicelli, A. Fenu, Andrea Poli, Emiliano Ricciardi, Caterina Iofrida, Stefania Maggi, Alessandra Retico, Gaia Scabia, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, N. Di Lascio, Lucia Chico, Maffei, L., Picano, E., Andreassi, M. G., Angelucci, A., Baldacci, Fabio, Baroncelli, L., Begenisic, Tatjana, Bellinvia, P. F., Berardi, N., Biagi, L., Bonaccorsi, Joyce, Bonanni, E., Bonuccelli, U., Borghini, Andrea, Braschi, Chiara, Broccardi, M., Bruno, R. M., Caleo, M., Carlesi, C., Carnicelli, L., Cartoni, G., Cecchetti, L., Cenni, MARIA CRISTINA, Ceravolo, R., Chico, L., Cintoli, S., Cioni, Giovanni, Coscia, M., Costa, M., D'Angelo, Giulia, D’Ascanio, P., Nes, M. De, Turco, S. Del, Coscio, E. Di, Galante, M. Di, Lascio, N. di, Faita, F., Falorni, I., Faraguna, U., Fenu, A., Fortunato, L., Franco, R., Gargani, L., Gargiulo, R., Ghiadoni, L., Giorgi, F. S., Iannarella, R., Iofrida, C., Kusmic, C., Limongi, F., Maestri, M., Maffei, M., Maggi, Stefania, Mainardi, M., Mammana, L., Marabotti, A., Mariotti, V., Melissari, E., Mercuri, A., Micera, Silvestro, Molinaro, S., Narducci, R., Navarra, T., Noale, M., Pagni, C., Palumbo, S., Pasquariello, R., Pellegrini, Silvia, Pietrini, Pietro, Pizzorusso, T., Poli, Andrea, Pratali, L., Retico, A., Ricciardi, E., Rota, G., Sale, A., Sbrana, S., Scabia, G., Scali, M., Scelfo, D., Sicari, R., Siciliano, G., Stea, F., Taddei, S., Tognoni, G., Tonacci, A., Tosetti, M., Turchi, S., and Volpi, LAURA MARINA

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Settore BIO/09 - FISIOLOGIA, education, ALzheimer's disease, Neuropsychological Tests, Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, mild cognitive impairment, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, mental disorders, neural plasticity, Alzheimer's disease, physical exercise, Humans, Medicine, Cognitive Dysfunction, physical exercise cognitive training social settind MCI RM fMRI, Psychiatry, Physical Therapy Modalities, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, business.industry, Brain, cognitive reserve, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognitive training, Treatment Outcome, 030104 developmental biology, Physical therapy, environmental enrichment, Female, brain aging, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia are an increasing societal burden. Epidemiological studies indicate that lifestyle factors, e.g. physical, cognitive and social activities, correlate with reduced dementia risk; moreover, positive effects on cognition of physical/cognitive training have been found in cognitively unimpaired elders. Less is known about effectiveness and action mechanisms of physical/cognitive training in elders already suffering from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a population at high risk for dementia. We assessed in 113 MCI subjects aged 65–89 years, the efficacy of combined physical-cognitive training on cognitive decline, Gray Matter (GM) volume loss and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) in hippocampus and parahippocampal areas, and on brain-blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) activity elicited by a cognitive task, measured by ADAS-Cog scale, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and fMRI, respectively, before and after 7 months of training vs. usual life. Cognitive status significantly decreased in MCI-no training and significantly increased in MCI-training subjects; training increased parahippocampal CBF, but no effect on GM volume loss was evident; BOLD activity increase, indicative of neural efficiency decline, was found only in MCI-no training subjects. These results show that a non pharmacological, multicomponent intervention improves cognitive status and indicators of brain health in MCI subjects.

Published
2017

5. Serotonin Transporter Gene: A New Polymorphism May Affect Response to Antidepressant Treatments in Major Depressive Disorder

Author

Matteo Balestrieri, Silvia Pellegrini, Chiara Fabbri, Paolo Brambilla, Veronica Mariotti, Paola Bozzatello, Stefano Porcelli, Elena Brignolo, Alessandro Serretti, Erika Melissari, Marco Menchetti, Silvio Bellino, Valentina Martinelli, Pierluigi Politi, Caterina Iofrida, Yoshihiko Matsumoto, Marco Cappucciati, Matsumoto, Y., Fabbri, C., Pellegrini, S., Porcelli, S., Politi, P., Bellino, S., Iofrida, C., Mariotti, V., Melissari, E., Menchetti, M., Martinelli, V., Cappucciati, M., Bozzatello, P., Brignolo, E., Brambilla, P., Balestrieri, M., Serretti, A., DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE BIOMEDICHE E NEUROMOTORIE, Facolta' di MEDICINA e CHIRURGIA, Da definire, and AREA MIN. 06 - Scienze mediche

Subjects
Oncology, Adult, Counseling, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Rs6314, Adolescent, Genetic Association Studie, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult, Pharmacotherapy, Internal medicine, Genetics, Humans, Medicine, Polymorphism, Allele, Psychiatry, Genetic Association Studies, Serotonin transporter, Aged, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Pharmacology, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, biology, business.industry, Major, Single Nucleotide, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, Female, Treatment Outcome, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Antidepressant, Major depressive disorder, Antidepressive Agent, business, CREB1, rs6265, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Protein, Human
Abstract

Several gene variants have been related to major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment outcomes; however, few studies have investigated a possible different effect on pharmacotherapy and brief psychotherapy response. A total of 137 MDD patients were randomized to either interpersonal counseling (IPC; n = 40) or antidepressant pharmacological treatment (n = 97). Outcomes were remission, response, and symptom improvement at week 8. Five genetic variants were investigated (5HTR2A rs6314, BDNF rs6265, SLC6A4 rs8076005, CREB1 rs2253206, and TPH2 rs11179023) as possible modulators of outcomes. The LC6A4 rs8076005 AA genotype and A allele were associated with response rate in the antidepressant group (p = 0.015 and 0.005, respectively) and in the whole sample (p = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). In the IPC group a non-significant trend in the same direction was observed. The TPH2 rs11179023 A allele showed a marginal association with symptom improvement in the IPC group only. Other gene variants did not impact on outcomes in any treatment group. Our study suggests that rs8076005 in the SLC6A4 gene may be a modulator of antidepressant response, especially when pharmacological treatment is used.

Published
2014

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