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The outcomes of radiation treatment of 70 patients with Stage I-II vulvar cancer are analyzed. Combined treatment was used in 10 patients (3 and 7 patients had Stage I and II, respectively), combined radical radiation therapy was applied in 21 patients (Stage II), split-course gamma-teletherapy was employed in 28 patients (6 and 22 patients with Stages II and III, respectively) and 3 females had short-range X-ray therapy. Palliative radiation therapy was performed in 8 patients with Stage III tumors. Complete clinical tumor resolution was achieved in 16 (57%) patients receiving gamma-teletherapy, 15 (71.4%) and in all three women having short-range X-ray therapy. It is recommended that patients with vulvar cancer should receive split-course radiation, which yields good late treatment results and prevents from significant local radiation reactions and complications. Early diagnosis and timely use of combined treatment provide best treatment results in patients with vulvar cancer and in those with other malignant neoplasms.

The paper is devoted to analysis of the potentialities of radionuclide renography as a method for assessment of the effectiveness of radiotherapy of bladder cancer. The results obtained suggested close correlation between change of renal function and the results of irradiation. Normal renal function was observed in 3 patients, improvement--in 16 patients, and deterioration--in 8 patients whereas a complete effect of radiotherapy brought about the following figures: 5, 11 and 3, respectively. A conclusion was made of a high significance of renography parameters in objective assessment of the results of radiotherapy of bladder cancer in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities.

The authors presented short-term and immediate results of radiation therapy of bladder cancer by a conventional method and optimized program, combining accelerated hyperfractionation and local radiomodification with metronidazole. A variant, proposed by the authors, included the use of a single focal dose of 1.4 Gy twice a day with a 4-hour interruption up to a total dose of 39.2 Gy. It was followed by a dose of 6 Gy once a week with preliminary administration of 2 g of metronidazole in 30-40 ml of 50 per cent dimexide solution in the bladder. A total of 2 large fractions of irradiation combined with metronidazole were used. This method was used for the treatment of 89 cancer patients. Better local control and survival in anemic patients with poorly differentiated cancer were observed.

Moving sectoral irradiation was given to 40 patients with primary (23) and recurring (17) rectal tumors. The patients received treatment 3 times a week by 2 daily fractions of 2.5 Gy with 4 h intervals. Better short-term results in primary and recurring tumors and the reduction of therapy duration were shown in comparing these patients with the control group of patients who were irradiated for 5 days a week by a single dose of 2 Gy.

The paper is devoted to the description of the combined methods of radiotherapy of urinary bladder cancer and the local use of metronidazole. At the 1st stage of therapy a dose of 140 cGy twice a day with 5-6 h interruption was delivered up to a summary dose of 43 Gy on conversion to small fractionation by the TDF factor. Then two fractions at a single dose of 6 Gy once a week were given. Altogether 36 patients were treated by this method. The control group of patients was given radiation therapy in a split course in the regimen of routine fractionation. Short-term therapeutic results were analyzed for both groups. The total positive effect was higher in the study group (81.25% versus 66.7%). A conclusion is that this method holds promise.

Since 1963 to 1975 one hundred and eighty eight patients were subjected to surgery with preoperative irradiation, using a betatron of 25 M. e. v. Irradiation was carried on during 2--3 weeks from 2 or 3 fields daily. A total focal dose ranged within the limits from 2500 to 4500 rad. Radical operations were performed in 159 patients, the mortality being 6.7%. The survival over 3 years--in 69.1%, over 5 years--in 57.3%. Postoperative irradiation using a betatron of 25 M. e. v. is found to contribute to an improvement of general condition in lung cancer patients and to render a positive effect on clinical and roentgenological signs of the disease. A comparative morphological study of diagnostic biopsy specimens and lung preparations, removed following irradiation, indicates various degree of cancer pathomorphosis up to tumor disappearrance and development of radiation sclerosis.

During 1963 to 1975, 188 patients were operated following pre-operative irradiation on a betatron with 25 MEV energy. The irradiation was conducted for 2 to 3 weeks from 2 or 3 fields daily. The total focal dose ranged 2500 to 4500 rad. Radical interventions were performed in 159 patients (pneumonectomy in 80, bilobectomy in 13, lobectomy in 60, lobectomy with main bronchus resection in 6). Th lethality rate comprised, 6,7%. Over 3-years survival was achieved in 69.1%, over 5-years survival in 57.3%. Preoperative irradiation on a 25 MEV betatron favours an improvement of the patient's state and produces a favourable effect on the clinical and radiological manifestations of lung cancer. A comparative study of the morphology in the diagnostic biopsy material and in the lung specimens removed following irradiation demonstrated a varying degree of pathomorphism of cancer, down to a complete disappearance of the tumour and radial sclerosis development.