1. Sex differences in symptom presentation and functional outcomes: a pilot study in a matched sample of veterans with mild TBI.
- Author
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Gray, Max, Adamson, Maheen M., Thompson, Ryan C., Kapphahn, Kristopher I., Han, Summer, Chung, Joyce S., and Harris, Odette A.
- Subjects
BRAIN concussion diagnosis ,AGE distribution ,BRAIN concussion ,CHI-squared test ,MARITAL status ,REGRESSION analysis ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,PSYCHOLOGY of veterans ,PILOT projects ,DATA analysis ,FUNCTIONAL assessment - Abstract
Primary Objective: Research focused on mild traumatic brain injury in active military and veteran populations details the psychological, neurological and functional outcomes of mTBI, in a primarily male (~95%) cohort. This may misrepresent female symptoms and outcomes. Here we assess for genuine sex differences in symptom presentation and functional outcomes. Research Design: We used matched pairs to preclude potential sex bias in outcome data. Methods and Procedures: We matched 49 female/male pairs on; 1) mechanism of injury, 2) time from injury to assessment and 3) age at assessment. Statistics were t-tests, chi-square, correlations and post hoc linear regression. Main outcomes and results: Outcome assessment revealed four significant (p <.05) sex differences; Living situation, Marital status, Vocation and Branch of service. Only the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) composite cognitive domain factor was significantly different between females (mean: 10.26) and males (mean: 7.58). Linear regression confirmed a significant effect of sex for the cognitive composite (p =.002). Conclusion: We conclude that sex has a moderate effect on mTBI post-concussive symptom presentation. The significant sex difference in the NSI cognitive domain characterizes sex-related symptomology profiles providers can focus on for better rehabilitation management. Replication in the larger cohort would improve generalizability. Abbreviation: TBI: Traumatic Brain Injuries; mTBI: mild Traumatic Brain Injuries; OIF: Operation Iraqi Freedom; OEF: Operation Enduring Freedom; VA: Veterans Affairs Health Care System; PSC: Polytrauma System of Care; PRC: Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center; PTRP: Polytrauma Transitional Rehabilitation Program; PNS: Polytrauma Network Site; PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; DoD: Department of Defense; NSI: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; LOC: loss of consciousness; AOC: alteration of consciousness; PTA: posttraumatic amnesia; CPRS: computerized patient record system; CTBIE: Comprehensive TBI Evaluation; OCD: obsessive compulsive disorder; ETOH: alcohol abuse [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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