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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En Europe, en Amérique et en Asie, la recherche sur les usages des technologies numériques éducatives et leurs contributions à l’enseignement et l’apprentissage a été florissante, tandis qu’en Afrique subsaharienne, la recherche, excepté quelques rares études en sciences de l’éducation, a longtemps délaissé ces usages. La littérature met en évidence des lacunes en termes d’accès au matériel et d’intérêt pour certains dispositifs techniques. La technologie la plus adoptée reste le téléphone portable qui fait l’objet d’usages personnels et scolaires (Maïdakouale et Fagadé, 2022). Cette étude vise à soutenir l’intégration des technologies numériques éducatives chez une population jeune disposant déjà de compétences numériques non formelles. Nous étudions les logiques sociales structurant les usages qui, eux-mêmes, les façonnent (Paquienséguy, 2012). Aussi, mettons-nous en évidence les « nouvelles » sociabilités scolaires que ces usages apportent. Comme le soulignent Leveratto et Leontsini (2008), l’intérêt pour les usages éducatifs d’Internet nécessite également d’explorer ses dimensions ludiques et sociales, puisque la disponibilité sociale détermine l’engagement personnel dans l’usage intensif. Nous avons utilisé des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives pour enquêter auprès de 292 étudiants au Burkina Faso, au Gabon et au Niger, pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Nous montrons que des facteurs sociotechniques participent à accompagner, dans l’ombre, la révolution numérique dans ces universités.

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current methodological paradigm for addressing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) inaccessibility in rural sub-Saharan Africa is achieving insufficient progress. This essay evaluates WaSH-related policy, programming, and discourse from 1918 to 2021 to identify how this paradigm evolved and how it may reform. I argue that political–economic environments have strongly influenced existing sectoral praxis, shaping both programmatic methods and means. Colonial occupations generated rural–urban material inequalities, which were maintained and exacerbated during postwar reconstruction (1950–1970) and the proliferation of neoliberalism (1970–1990s). Meanwhile, modernization theory, a fundamental feature of colonial thought, has persisted discursively and practically. That is, rural resource limitations led WaSH practitioners to promote lower-cost appropriate technologies in the 1980s. Then, with challenges regarding technological disuse and misuse, behavior change–oriented methodologies responsively emerged in the 2000s and continue today. Yet, much like colonial predecessors, this latter turn presupposes that its programmatic benefactors must adapt to access WaSH services. Behavior change programs thus fail to critically consider the role of technological inadequacies and associated risk exposures in perpetuating existing inequities. Investigation of utility-style service models, where WaSH services adapt to the lives of its benefactors and behavioral persuasion is substituted for nonuser technological management, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé L’étude a démontré comment les approches stratégique et comparative ont permis de valider l’hypothèse formulée, à savoir la tentative de théorisation de la démocratie par médiation, contribution apportée dans ce champ combien vaste de l’adaptation démocratique en Afrique,en général, et particulièrement, en Afrique subsaharienne. Abstract The study demonstrated how the strategic and comparative approaches made it possible to validate the hypothesis formulated, namely the attempt to theorize democracy by mediation, a contribution made in this vast field of democratic adaptation in Africa, in general, and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser le rôle de la gouvernance dans la relation entre l'intégration économique et la croissance sectorielle en Afrique Subsaharienne. L'approche économétrique est basée sur un modèle de panel dynamique de 33 pays d'Afrique Subsaharienne et plus spécifiquement sur les pays de l'UEMOA couvrant la période de 2002 à 2019. L'estimateur de la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM) et celui des moindres carrés corrigés des variables muettes (LSDVC) sont utilisés respectivement dans les deux contextes pour obtenir les résultats. Les résultats révèlent que l'intégration économique améliore significativement la croissance sectorielle notamment de l'agriculture et de l'industrie avec un effet plus important pour le secteur agricole. Les résultats montrent également que la qualité de la gouvernance améliore l'effet de l'intégration commerciale sur la croissance sectorielle beaucoup plus dans la zone UEMOA. Les résultats montrent également un effet significatif de l'investissement et de l'emploi. Ainsi, les décideurs publics dans l'objectif de croissance, doivent mettre en place des mesures d'amélioration de la qualité des indicateurs de la gouvernance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La faible productivité de l’agriculture en Afrique subsaharienne est due en grande partie à la dégradation de la fertilité des sols. Les agricultures familiales, pilier de la sécurité alimentaire de cette grande région, doivent relever le défi de la restauration et du maintien de la capacité productive des terres. Les pratiques endogènes des producteurs telles que les associations céréales-légumineuses, les jachères pâturées, les parcs arborés... ne permettent plus d’entretenir la fertilité sur des surfaces cultivées qui s’agrandissent, surtout lorsque les sols sont carencés. Durant quatre décennies, les décideurs et acteurs du secteur agricole ont privilégié la vulgarisation des engrais de synthèse. Mais l’utilisation des engrais minéraux demeure faible et bien en deçà de la moyenne de la consommation mondiale (15 kg/ha contre 135 kg/ha). Après avoir longuement promu l’utilisation de fumure organique, la recherche invite désormais à diversifier les sources de biomasse fertilisante via l’agroforesterie, les associations avec les légumineuses, l’agriculture de conservation. D’autres techniques de conservation de l’eau et du sol ont également été mises en avant. C’est bien la combinaison de différentes pratiques qui est à construire avec les agriculteurs pour chaque situation de production, en fonction des ressources disponibles localement, d’un apport raisonné d’engrais de synthèse et d’amendement, des savoirs paysans et scientifiques. Pour cela, il est nécessaire (i) de modifier les postures des chercheurs et des décideurs vis-à-vis des ruraux et (ii) de réviser les politiques publiques toujours focalisées sur l’usage des engrais minéraux, afin de fournir des services d’appui-conseil plus diversifiés, performants et intégrant les besoins de transitions agroécologiques indispensables aujourd’hui dans un contexte de changement climatique.

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Les marchés du travail de l'Afrique subsaharienne se caractérisent par une répartition asymétrique des hommes et des femmes entre secteurs formel et informel, imputable à une segmentation juridique fondée sur la race et le genre héritée des régimes coloniaux qui régissaient, notamment, le travail. Comprendre la segmentation des marchés du travail dans les contextes postcoloniaux, ou tenter de la surmonter, suppose de rechercher dans les institutions coloniales les origines de la marchandisation du travail. Celle‐ci découle d'une norme coloniale du travail basée sur l'exploitation, centrée sur les travailleurs africains masculins au service d'employeurs européens et excluant ou marginalisant les femmes et le travail domestique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Andrews et al. (2012) make clear, these emerging 21 SP st sp -century health issues - an aging population, health system strains, resource limitations, and widening health inequalities - are underexamined, yet demand critical sub-disciplinary consideration and translational engagement. Despite the potential of iKT to actually I do i something about health inequalities, health geography iKT uptake is rare. Building on these insights underscores why future iKT work must ensure "all people (individuals, groups and communities) have a fair chance to reach their full health potential and are not disadvantaged by social, economic and environmental conditions", that is, a fair chance to attain health equity (National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health 2015). Walking the health geographers' talk: Aging and health inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa Keywords: health geography; inequality; aging; integrated knowledge translation; sub-Saharan Africa; géographie de la santé; inégalités; vieillissement; application des connaissances intégrées; Afrique subsaharienne EN health geography inequality aging integrated knowledge translation sub-Saharan Africa FR géographie de la santé inégalités vieillissement application des connaissances intégrées Afrique subsaharienne 497 511 15 09/12/22 20220901 NES 220901 Introduction Inequalities in the production, distribution, and determinants of health and well-being are a central focus in health geography and geography writ large (see Andrews et al. 2012; Brown and Moon 2012; Hopkins 2021). [Extracted from the article]

This article is based on the idea that the appropriation of university governance in sub-Saharan Africa is registered in a globalization paradigm. In fact, sub-Saharan academic systems are socialized to governance by external actors, namely international institutions, specialized institutions and university cooperation agencies which give African academic systems a foundation of new managerial technics. Sub-Saharan academic systems adopt this foundation and integrate it into a reform process. These reforms are concrete answer to the standardization of university governance, thereby allowing them to cooperate with Western universities, as well as financial and specialized institutions to obtain technical and financial resources. Sub-sahrians academic systems are included in the university governance phenomenon, which is a topical issue in a knowledge economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Internationale PME is the property of Institue de Recherche sur les PME and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Après avoir dressé une brève esquisse des grands types de déplacements qui unissent l'Afrique à l'Europe et à l'Amérique, et qui appellent une série de récits spécifiques, cet article envisage Les Coqs cubains chantent à minuit (2015) de Tierno Monénembo et Al Capone le Malien (2011) de Sami Tchak comme deux romans francophones qui questionnent les paradigmes littéraires de la mobilité depuis et vers l'Afrique. De cette manière, on montre comment, tout en renvoyant au schéma—classique aux XIXe et XXe siècles—du voyage d'un Européen en Afrique, le roman de Tchak l'ébranle à l'aide des cadres de la globalisation et d'un hédonisme fastueux, qui mettent notamment à mal la question de l'exotisme. De façon complémentaire, le roman de Monénembo se voit appréhendé comme une relecture de la mobilité qui existe entre l'Afrique et l'Amérique, et qui est historiquement liée à la traite négrière. On détaille ainsi comment, par la figure d'un Africain qui cherche ses origines à Cuba, ce roman désamorce lui aussi l'exotisme et propose plus largement une réflexion sur l'identité composite que supposent les flux transatlantiques. Ultimement, ces deux romans se voient rapprochés dans leur capacité à jouer du voyage pour figurer l'interdépendance des littératures francophones d'Afrique subsaharienne et pour, de facto, instituer la globalisation de celles-ci comme une relation au monde at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'environnement de travail et le faible nombre de cas réalisables augmentent le risque de complications au cours des implantions de stimulateurs cardiaques en Afrique Subsaharienne. L'objectif de notre travail était d'apprécier l'impact de certaines mesures préventives sur ces complications sur le long terme. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective portant sur l'ensemble des implantations de stimulateurs cardiaques de juin 2006 à juin 2016 à l'institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan. Nous avons évalué l'incidence des complications, leurs facteurs favorisants et leur impact sur le pronostic global des patients. Trois cent deux procédures ont été réalisées chez 286 patients (49 % de sexe masculin, âge moyen : 67 ± 12 ans), avec une prédominance de la primo -implantation (82,8 %) des stimulateurs ventriculaires simple chambre (66,6 %). Vingt et cinq complications majeures (8,27 %) et 14 mineures (4,6 %) sont survenues avec une prédominance des déplacements de sondes (3,64 %). Les complications majeures étaient favorisées par la voie d'abord sous clavière (p = 0,018 ; OR = 2,34 ; IC à 95 % [1,16–4,75]) et les incidents peropératoires (p = 0,02 ; OR = 2,17 ; IC à 95 % [1,16–4,75]. Les mesures préventives prises ont permis de réaliser une baisse significative (p = 0,017) et linéaire (p = 0,009) de ces complications, sans effet sur le pronostic des patients (Log-Rank = 0,217 ; p = 0,64). Une stimulation cardiaque de qualité est possible en Afrique Subsaharienne avec des mesures préventives adaptées à l'environnement. The working environment and the low rate of pacemaker insertions increase the risk of complications in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of our work was to assess the impact of specific preventive measures on these complications over the long term. We conducted a retrospective study of all pacemaker implantations from June 2006 to June 2016 at the Abidjan Heart Institute. We evaluated the incidence of pacemaker complications, their risks factors and their impact on the overall prognosis of patients. Three hundred and two procedures were performed in 286 patients (49% male, mean age: 67 ± 12 years), with a predominance of primary implantation (82.8%) of single-chamber ventricular pacemakers (66.6%). Twenty-five major complications (8.27%) and 14 minor (4.6%) occurred with a predominance of lead displacements (3.64%). The major complications were favored by the subclavian approach (P = 0.018; OR = 2.34; 95% CI [1.16–4.75]) and intraoperative incidents (P = 0.02; OR = 2.17; 95% CI [1.16–4.75]. The preventive measures taken made it possible to achieve a significant (P = 0.017) and linear (P = 0.009) reduction of these complications, with no effect the patients prognosis (Log-Rank = 0.217; P = 0.64). Quality cardiac stimulation is possible in Sub-Saharan Africa with preventive measures adapted to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on research on obstetrical violence carried out in Europe (France, Italy) and Latin America (Mexico, Guatemala) among migrant, poor and/or racialized women, we propose to put this violence into perspective, with regard to global mechanisms of domination (exile, racism, poverty). The research is situated in the field of intersectionality and reproductive justice studies and focuses on the analytical framework of “obstetrical injustice”, which enables to overcome some of the existing divisions in the category of obstetrical violence by articulating obstetrical violence to other forms of violence experienced by these women during their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethical conduct of research in any setting hinges on the voluntary and informed consent of research participants. Working towards consent that is truly voluntary and informed, however, is far from straightforward, and requires attention to contextual factors that may complicate achievement of this ideal in specific research settings. This paper is based on Madagascar's first "Consent complexities in health research in Madagascar" workshop, held in Antananarivo, Madagascar, in October 2018. It identifies a number of challenges encountered by individuals responsible for the conduct or oversight of health research in Madagascar related to informed and voluntary consent. Key challenges identified included: adaptation of consent tools into local dialects and for limited literacy populations; perceived acquiescence of potential participants regardless of actual preference based on cultural norms; perceived time pressures within tight project timelines to collect data as quickly as possible, limited time for consent processes; fears and taboos related to specific research procedures or topics; and, uncertainty about how best to approach and verify the validity of individual consent in contexts where traditional leaders' influence is conventionally sought out and respected. Potential strategies for responding to each of these challenges are proposed, as are key questions meriting further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the progress in climate change adaptation and mitigation actions in sub-Saharan Africa farming systems. Farmers, organizations and Governments in the region have developed policies and innovations to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change. It appears that the developed and implemented innovative adaptive farming systems and technologies have culminated into resultant overall productivity improvement in farming systems, necessitating scaling up in order to widely strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities to the impacts of climate change. Additionally, climate governance instruments that are aligned to the ratified international treaties have been developed and related programs have been rolled out in different countries. This offers hope for well-coordinated efforts and interventions for the mitigation and adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change on the environment and livelihoods. Observably, there is a pressing need to scale up climate smart innovations sustainably through creation of an enabling policy environment, capacity building, and conducting climate change related research and outreach, and effective dissemination of climate technologies and information, especially in remote areas in the region. Since climate change is a global issue, local initiatives and actions for mitigating and adapting to the adverse impacts ought to be well integrated into the broader international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Présence Francophone is the property of College of Holy Cross, Department of Modern Languages & Literatures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article porte principalement sur l’idée selon laquelle l’appropriation de la gouvernance universitaire en Afrique subsaharienne s’inscrit dans le paradigme de la mondialisation. En effet, les systèmes universitaires subsahariens sont socialisés à la gouvernance par les acteurs extérieurs que sont les institutions internationales, les instituts spécialisés et les agences de coopération universitaire. Ces acteurs transmettent aux systèmes universitaires africains les piliers de la nouvelle donne managériale. Les systèmes universitaires subsahariens les adoptent et les intègrent en se réformant. L’adoption de ces piliers est une réponse concrète à l’uniformisation des manières de gouverner l’université. Cela leur permet de coopérer avec les universités occidentales, d’obtenir des ressources techniques et financières des institutions financières et des institutions spécialisées. Les systèmes universitaires subsahariens se trouvent enrôlés dans le phénomène de gouvernance universitaire qui est d’actualité dans l’économie du savoir.

The paper questions Turkey's higher education internationalisation policy and its impact on the mobility of students from sub-Saharan Africa. The author shares the results of a research project conducted in 2014-2016, focused on 184 African students' life and study conditions in the Turkish capital. The work highlights the link between host countries' foreign policy and student mobility, also analysing students' experiences in their new living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue des Sciences de l'Education is the property of Revue des Sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le but de cet article est d’aider le lecteur à découvrir l’espace multilingue et multiculturel de la Zambie, un pays situé au sud du continent africain, soulignant le caractère unificateur de l’anglais, ainsi que les conflits imminents et les inconvénients générés par l’utilisation de cette langue européenne. En Zambie, l’anglais n’est pas seulement langue officielle, mais aussi lingua franca (langue véhiculaire), langue parlée par l’élite, langue étrangère, tout comme langue maternelle. La genèse de ces rôles multiples a été fortement influencée par les communautés locales, étant un résultat de l’interaction du langage des colonisateurs avec la société africaine, ancrée dans la tradition. Au fil du temps, l’utilisation de l’anglais sur le territoire africain est devenu, pour diverses raisons, un fait salutaire.

La néphrologie est une spécialité restée assez mal connue en Afrique subsaharienne jusqu'au début années 1980, en raison de la faible sensibilisation et du manque d'accès au diagnostic et thérapies de suppléance rénale. Elle a connu des avancées dans le continent malgré un environnement économique et géopolitique défavorable. Avec une faible prévalence de moins de cinq néphrologues par million d'habitants, la formation des néphrologues, désormais faite sur le continent, a permis d'avoir plus de 200 spécialistes formés dans la dernière décennie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone. La recherche clinique et fondamentale se développe avec des travaux de qualité publiés sur le continent dans de grandes revues internationales. La population hémodialysée reste encore faible, entre 0 et 200 par million d'habitants. La transplantation rénale, avec une prévalence entre 0 et 5 par million d'habitants, n'est bien structurée qu'en Afrique du Sud. Dans ce contexte de ressources limitées, la prévention des maladies non transmissibles en général et de la maladie rénale chronique doit être privilégiée. Nephrology was a relatively poorly known specialty in sub-Saharan Africa until the early 1980s, because of low awareness and lack of access to diagnosis and renal replacement therapies. Nephrology has seen progress on the continent despite an unfavourable economic and geopolitical environment. With a prevalence of fewer than five nephrologists per million inhabitants, the training of nephrologists, now carried out on the continent, allowed to have more than 200 specialists trained in the last decade in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical and basic research is developing with quality work published from the continent in major international journals. The population receiving haemodialysis remains small, between 0 and 200 per million inhabitants. Kidney transplantation, with a prevalence between 0 and 5 per million inhabitants, is only well structured in South Africa. In this context of scarce resources, a strategy based on the prevention of non-communicable diseases in general, and chronic kidney disease in particular, should be prioritised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les troubles mentaux constituent un lourd fardeau pour les populations africaines. Leur prévalence réelle en population générale est peu étudiée en Afrique subsaharienne. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier la prévalence des principaux troubles mentaux dans une communauté rurale au nord Bénin. Il s'est agi d'une enquête transversale de type porte-à-porte réalisée du 1er au 20 juin 2013 et portant sur des sujets de plus de 18 ans dans le village de Tourou au nord du Bénin. Le Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) a servi de base pour le dépistage des troubles mentaux. Une traduction en langues locales était parfois nécessaire. Au total, 603 sujets étaient inclus, dont 62,23 % d'hommes, et âgés de 18 à 77 ans avec une moyenne de 27,29 ± 9,24 ans. Parmi eux, 327 sujets avaient au moins un trouble mental, soit une prévalence globale de 54,22 % [IC95 % : 41,56–69,14]. Les prévalences des principaux troubles mentaux retrouvés étaient pour l'épisode dépressif majeur (EDM) actuel 32,34 % [28,65–36,26 %] ; EDM passé 11,61 % [9,22–14,50 %] ; phobie sociale actuelle 14,26 % [11,62–17,37 %] ; troubles obsessionnels compulsifs actuels 20,73 % ; anxiété généralisée 9,62 % ; syndrome psychotique vie entière 30, 18 % ; troubles de la personnalité antisociale 5,47 % ; dépendance alcoolique 3,98 % et la dépendance aux drogues 1,33 %. Ces résultats suggèrent une fréquence accrue des troubles en communauté rurale au Nord Bénin et appellent à des actions urgentes de prévention et de prise en charge communautaire. The burden of mental disorders is high in sub-Saharan Africa but the reliable epidemiological data for its prevalence are too scarce in this setting. We aimed to determine the prevalence of major mental disorder in a rural community in northern Benin. It was a cross-sectional study with a door-to-door survey and included all people aged more than 18 years in the Tourou rural community in northern Benin. The face-to-face interview were done with respect the confidentiality. The French version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used for the screening of mental disorders. The data were analyzed by using EPI-INFO 7.1 software. The prevalence of each disorders were determined and their 95% confidence interval. A total of 603 subjects were included, including 62.23% of men and 18 to 77 years old with an average of 27.29 years ± 9.24 years. Among them, 327 subjects had at least one mental disorder with an overall prevalence of 54.22% [95% CI: 41.56–69.14]. The prevalences of the major mental disorders were for the current major depressive episode (MDE) 32.34% [28.65–36.26%]; past MDE 11.61% [9.22–14.50%]; current social phobia 14.26% [11.62–17.37%]; Current Obsessive Compulsive Disorders 20.73% [17.61–24.23%]; generalized anxiety 9.62% [7.44–12.33%]; psychotic syndrome whole life 30.18% [26.57–34.05%]; antisocial personality disorders 5.47% [7.44–12.33%]; alcohol dependence 3.98% and drug dependence 1.33%. These findings suggest an increased incidence of mental illness in rural community in northern Benin and calls for urgent prevention and community care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le tétanos demeure un problème majeur de santé publique en Afrique Subsaharienne. La forme localisée semble rare, contrairement à la forme généralisée suffisamment décrite. Nous rapportons un cas de tétanos localisé sans porte d´entrée apparente, pris en charge dans un service des Maladies Infectieuses à Bamako. Il s´est agi d´une infirmière à la retraite de 59 ans qui n´avait pas fait de rappel de vaccination antitétanique depuis 10 ans, correspondant à la période de son dernier accouchement. Elle avait été référée dans un tableau clinique associant une dysphagie et impossibilité d´ouvrir la cavité buccale. L´histoire de la maladie avait révélé un long itinéraire thérapeutique marqué par de nombreuses consultations spécialisées sans amélioration aucune. Le diagnostic de tétanos localisé sans porte d´entrée apparente avait été retenu après avoir éliminé toute autre affection locale. L´évolution était déjà favorable dix jours après une prise en charge adéquate. Sous diagnostiqué ou méconnu du personnel de santé, le tétanos localisé peut mimer d´autres affections retardant le diagnostic et la prise en charge. La sensibilisation ciblée de la population doit être renforcée en vue du respect scrupuleux du calendrier des rappels vaccinaux.

Introduction: la constipation est considérée comme rare en Afrique subsaharienne, en raison de la forte teneur en fibre de l´alimentation locale. Le but de ce travail était de décrire les différents aspects cliniques de la constipation fonctionnelle en population générale à Cotonou et de déterminer l´influence de l´alimentation dans sa survenue.

This article reviews the state of knowledge on social innovations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its aim is to explore and highlight the emerging trajectories of this little-discussed subject, for a continent caught between the dynamics of historical realities and the extroversion of development methods in a context characterized by multifaceted crises. To do this, the article revisits pertinent writings and explores emblematic cases by refocusing the research on a time frame extending from the 1960s to the present, when confrontation between the two movements has produced a hybridization that articulates innovations. The main finding concerns, on the one hand, a focus of social innovations on humans carried out by organizations linked to the social economy and, on the other hand, the alignment between the issues, challenges and practices whose local benchmarks particularize these innovations. The analyzed cases reveal a set of operational logics marked by the interaction between imported technologies and the pre-existing mechanisms from which innovative technologies originate. The proliferation of such technologies makes it possible to open up research perspectives highlighting socioterritorial structures, the omnipresence of solidarity activities and the predominance of community actors who have to combine social, institutional, economic, technical, and academic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)