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The author discusses Jewish-American historian Oscar Handlin's views on civil rights for African Americans and ethnic pluralism in the U.S. as presented in Handlin's scholarship. According to the author, Handlin's characterization of African Americans as the last immigrants to the U.S. is incorrect. The author criticizes Handlin's attribution of the demand for forced racial integration in the U.S. to what Handlin described as irresponsible African American leaders. The article examines the significance of groups such as the National Urban League (NUL) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in efforts in the assimilation of African American migrants. The article also analyzes Handlin's views of neighborhood formation, ethnic political identity, and affirmative action.