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Cet article propose une analyse de la ponctuation effectuée par les acteurs institutionnels dans le cadre de communication domotique des crises, dans une problématique qui articule information, confiance et résilience, à partir d’une approche comparative avec le cadrage médiatique. Il examine également la ponctuation par l’image en tant que médiatisation caractéristique du positionnement de nouveaux appareillages médiatiques numériques, notamment la plateforme YouTube. Il montre enfin la pertinence de la ponctuation en tant qu’opérateur communicationnel de confiance et de résilience domotique en temps de crise ainsi que de fiducies numériques d’usage et d’images de l’information. Este artículo propone un análisis de la puntuación que realizan los actores institucionales en la comunicación de crisis interna, en un enfoque comparativo con el encuadre mediático basado en la interconexión entre información, confianza y resiliencia. Este artículo estudia igualmente la puntuación por imágenes como mediatización característica de los nuevos dispositivos digitales de información, en particular de la plataforma YouTube. Muestra finalmente la pertinencia del concepto de puntuación como operador comunicacional de confianza y resiliencia en crisis internas, con fiduciarios digitales de imágenes de información.

La fotografía en México ha sido una práctica y un medio de expresión visual que ha legado un pasado y una historia documental del país. Desde sus inicios la fotografía alcanzó el estatus de lenguaje artístico y muy pronto se convirtió en uno de los medios más importantes para la representación social, la circulación de noticias, la difusión del conocimiento y la contemplación estética. En esta selección de imágenes se cifran algunos momentos emblemáticos de la historia de la fotografía en México, sus impactos mediáticos, hasta los momentos visual y socialmente disruptivos. Sería imposible no afirmar que en la historia de las artes en México, la fotografía ha tomado su lugar como un medio narrativo comparable a las letras, a la música o la pintura nacionales. La photographie au Mexique a été une pratique et un moyen d'expression visuelle qui a légué un passé et une histoire documentaire au pays. Dès ses débuts, la photographie a atteint le statut de langage artistique et très vite, elle est devenue l'un des moyens les plus importants de la représentation de la société, la circulation des informations, la diffusion des connaissances et la contemplation esthétique. Dans cette sélection d'images, on passe en revue certains moments emblématiques de l'histoire de la photographie au Mexique, leur impact médiatique, ainsi que les épisodes visuellement et socialement perturbateurs. Il est évident que la photographie a occupé une place à part entière dans l'histoire des arts au Mexique comme outil narratif, comparable aux lettres, à la musique ou à la peinture historique. Photography in Mexico has been a practice and a means of visual expression that has bequeathed a past and a documentary history of the country. From its beginnings, photography reached the status of artistic language and very soon it became one of the most important means for social representation, the circulation of news, the dissemination of knowledge and aesthetic contemplation. In this selection of images, we show some iconic moments from the history of photography in Mexico, from its media impact, to the visually and socially disruptive ones. It would be impossible to deny that photography has taken its place as a narrative medium comparable to letters, music or painting of national history in Mexican art history.

O lazer em África sob o domínio colonial alemão tem uma breve história de três décadas. Durante o colonialismo, o lazer foi quase um privilégio dos brancos. Mas algumas modalidades desportivas ou formas de lazer precisavam do suporte de africanos. O lazer fomentou também aspirações entre os africanos e que variaram segundo a região, o grupo étnico, social ou religioso, assim como a faixa etária ou o gênero dos indivíduos. A prática de atividades desportivas ou de lazer teve um efeito agregado em relação aos grupos subalternos. Leisure in Africa under German colonial rule has a short history of three decades. The leisure was almost a privilege of whites during the colonial era. But some Africans were supporting the sports practices or leisure of white. Without the assistance of “natives” would not be possible to practice some sports or forms of recreation in the colonial context. Leisure also fostered aspirations among Africans and varied by region, ethnic, social or religious group, as well as the age or gender of individuals. The practice of sporting or leisure activities had an aggregate effect on the subaltern groups.

Background: Microscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of neglected tropical diseases. As resource limited, rural areas often lack laboratory equipment and trained personnel, new diagnostic techniques are needed. Low-cost, point-of-care imaging devices show potential in the diagnosis of these diseases. Novel, digital image analysis algorithms can be utilized to automate sample analysis. Objective: Evaluation of the imaging performance of a miniature digital microscopy scanner for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium, and training of a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm for automated detection of soil-transmitted helminths in the captured images. Methods: A total of 13 iodine-stained stool samples containing Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm eggs and 4 urine samples containing Schistosoma haematobium were digitized using a reference whole slide-scanner and the mobile microscopy scanner. Parasites in the images were identified by visual examination and by analysis with a deep learning-based image analysis algorithm in the stool samples. Results were compared between the digital and visual analysis of the images showing helminth eggs. Results: Parasite identification by visual analysis of digital slides captured with the mobile microscope was feasible for all analyzed parasites. Although the spatial resolution of the reference slide-scanner is higher, the resolution of the mobile microscope is sufficient for reliable identification and classification of all parasites studied. Digital image analysis of stool sample images captured with the mobile microscope showed high sensitivity for detection of all helminths studied (range of sensitivity = 83.3-100%) in the test set (n = 217) of manually labeled helminth eggs. Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, the imaging performance of a mobile, digital microscope was sufficient for visual detection of soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium. Furthermore, we show that deep learning-based image analysis can be utilized for the automated detection and classification of helminths in the captured images.

Esta dissertação tem como temática mostrar a visibilidade da África pelos alunos, estabelecida por diversas leituras de imagens inscritas em diversos locais. O estudo está ancorado na interface dos campos da Geografia e da Educação, por possibilitar tensionamentos nos significados construídos discursivamente sobre a África. E, também, por orientar os modos de fazer a pesquisa, onde foram utilizadas ferramentas teóricas trazidas devido aos conceitos de poder, discurso, identidade, alfabetização visual e juventudes, cujas quais, foram sendo operadas na medida em que fossem necessárias. Os dados do estudo foram extraídos de duas atividades didáticas realizadas com alunos da 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública na cidade de Porto Alegre – RS. As atividades foram as seguintes: Oficina 1 - A África Imaginada, onde os alunos fizeram um desenho e um pequeno texto sobre a África. A intenção é a de entender qual é o significado da África para os alunos antes de iniciar a estudá-la como conteúdo na disciplina. Oficina 2 - A África Capturada tem por objetivo compreender quais as leituras de África que os alunos fazem a partir da prática de elaborar um cartaz com imagens da África que se encontram nos seus livros didáticos. Com estes dados foi construído três focos de analises: Dos estilos africanos, os alunos escolheram imagens que mostram uma África homogênea em termos de estética e costumes. Dos modos de sustento, as imagens selecionadas pelos alunos trazem significados sobre os modos de viver tradicional dos africanos. Das paisagens, as escolhas foram endereçadas para as paisagens naturais. Constata-se que, ainda após 10 anos da Lei 10.639, a África bipartida ainda existe, onde o seu lado bom é marcado pela sua grandiosa natureza, a qual remete a ideia de natureza (romântica) intocada sem a intervenção humana, e seu lado ruim é evidenciado por imagens de miséria, pobreza, fome entre outras. Ambos os lados são produções que repetem as construções do discurso colonial hegemônico, reafirmando o preconceito sobre as formas atrasadas de viver no tempo, sem possibilidades de evolução tecnológica, onde nem a classificação capitalista nem a subdesenvolvida são consideradas. Evidencia-se ainda, efeitos do discurso escolar e midiático que produzem um aluno pouco crítico. Estas recorrências discursivas clamam pela urgência da necessidade de trabalhar mais e mais no deslocamento destes saberes para a produção de novos olhares. This Dissertation aims to show the students view of Africa, established by several readings of images registered in several locations. The study is anchored at the interface of Geography and Education areas, as it enables tensionings in the discursively constructed meanings about Africa. And also for guiding the ways of doing research, where were used theoretical tools because of their power, discourse, identity, visual literacy and youths concepts, which have been operated to the extent as they were necessary. The study data were extracted from two didactic activities carried out with students from the 8th grade of the Elementary School of a public school in the city of Porto Alegre - RS. The activities were as follows: Workshop 1 - The Imagined Africa, where the students made a drawing and a short text about Africa. The intention is to understand what the significance of Africa is for the students before starting to study it as content in the subject. Workshop 2 - The Captured Africa, which aims to understand the readings of Africa that the students do from the practice of preparing a poster with images of Africa that are in their didactic books. With these data it was built three focuses of analysis: Of African styles, students chose pictures that show a homogeneous Africa in terms of aesthetics and costumes. Of livelihood ways, the selected images by the students bring meanings about Africans traditional ways of life. Of landscapes, the choices were addressed to natural landscapes. It is verified that even after 10 years of the Law 10.639, the bipartisan still exists in Africa, where its good side is marked by its grandiose nature, which refers to the idea of the untouched (romantic) nature without human intervention, and its bad side is evidenced by images of misery, poverty, hunger, among others. Both sides are productions that repeat the constructions of the hegemonic Colonial discourse, reaffirming the prejudice about the backward ways of living in time without possibilities of technological evolution, where neither the capitalist nor the underdeveloped classifications are considered. It is also evidenced the mediatic and school discourse effect that produce a slightly critical student. These discourses recurrences call for the urgency of the need to work more and more in the displacement of this knowledge to produce new perspectives.

At the top of the bill: a structural analysis of claims to charisma. This article focuses on the advertising practices of African Evangelical and Pentecostal churches in the greater Paris area, to determine how collaboration and competition among prophets are organized. In the last fifteen years, these church assemblies have taken to advertising their public events by way of poster campaigns. From mid-2008 to late 2011 I assembled a corpus of 200 posters providing information on nearly 500 different persons. My analysis of individual claims to charisma is twofold. First, limited as they are by the graphic space of the posters, such claims pertain to a world of unequal actors in which the various clerics are at the top of the bill. Second, analysis of the network made up of the reiterated presence of several persons on different posters shows that charisma validation depends not only on recognition by a crowd of people "charismatically dominated" by the extraordinary qualities of a given individual but also on effective recognition by peers and other charismatic personalities., Cet article étudie comment s'organisent la concurrence et la collaboration entre prophètes, à partir d'une étude des églises évangéliques et pentecôtistes africaines de région parisienne. Ces assemblées ont pris l'habitude depuis une quinzaine d'année d'organiser des campagnes d'affichage pour assurer la publicité des événements qu'elles organisent. J'ai constitué un corpus de 200 affiches recueillies entre mi-2008 et fin-2011, qui fournit des renseignements sur près de 500 personnes différentes. L'article développe alors une double analyse des prétentions charismatiques individuelles. En premier lieu ces prétentions, contraintes par l'espace graphique des posters, dessinent un monde d'acteurs inégaux dans lequel les divers clercs tiennent le haut de l'affiche. En second lieu l'analyse du réseau constitué par la présence répétée de plusieurs personnes sur des affiches différentes montre que la validation du charisme ne dépend pas uniquement de la reconnaissance, par une foule " charismatiquement dominée " des qualités extraordinaires d'un individu, mais aussi de la reconnaissance effective des pairs et de celle d'autres porteurs de charisme.

This book explores the notion of agency in a range of empirical situations in Africa. It emphasizes the possibilities individuals and social groups perceive when faced with the constraints that tend to mark African social life. Contributions: Social and historical trajectories of agency in Africa: an introduction (Rijk van Dijk, Mirjam de Bruijn and Jan-Bart Gewald); Manchester as the birth place of modern agency research: the Manchester School explained from the perspective of Evans-Pritchard's book 'The Nuer' (Wim van Binsbergen); Dreams and agency during Angola's war of independence (Inge Brinkman); Chief Hosea Kutako: a Herero royal and Namibian nationalist's life against confinement 1870-1970 (Jan-Bart Gewald); Agency in Kapsiki religion: a comparative approach (Wouter van Beek); Les enveloppes pour Papa Daniel: la transformation des relations domestiques dans les m nages des Congolais de la diaspora (Julie Ndaya); From individual act to social agency in San trance rituals (Thomas Widlok); The dynamics of families, their work and provisioning strategies in the changing economies in the urban townships of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe (Otrude N. Moyo); Images of Africa: agency and nature conservation in South Africa (Malcolm Draper, Marja Spierenburg and Harry Wels); Solitary births in T ra, Niger: a local quest for safety (Gertie Janssen); Agency in and from the margins: street children and youth in N'Djam na, Chad (Mirjam de Bruijn); Negotiating the memory of Fulbe hierarchy among mobile elite women (Lotte Pelckmans); The safe and suffering body in transnational Ghanaian Pentecostalism: towards an anthropology of vulnerable agency (Rijk van Dijk); Epilogue: theorizing agency in and on Africa: the questions are key (Francis B. Nyamnjoh). [ASC Leiden abstract].

The accurate and consistent identification of fossil pollen is essential to allow robust inferences to be drawn with regard to past climate and vegetation change. Identifications are best achieved through the direct inspection of reference material. Most substantial reference collections are held at prestigious university’s in Europe or the United States of America which can restrict access for researchers trying to advance palynology in less developed countries. Digital imaging and fast spreading access to the internet means that it is now possible to produce and disseminate high quality images from pollen reference collections. In this paper we contribute to this growing body of work by presenting images of 364 pollen/spore taxa from West Tropical Africa both as printed plates with a key, and within an associated online searchable database. \ud \ud Highlights \ud • 129 plates of 364 pollen/spore taxa\ud • Coverage of most pollen taxa identified in tropical West African fossil pollen records\ud • Comprehensive key to pollen identification