1. The disinfection by-products are in the air: Aerosol measurements in the urban area of Venice.
- Author
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Feltracco, Matteo, Barbaro, Elena, Formenton, Gianni, Mazzi, Giovanna, Striuli, Sveva, Bragato, Carlo, Piazza, Rossano, Barbante, Carlo, and Gambaro, Andrea
- Subjects
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AREA measurement , *HEALTH risk assessment , *ATMOSPHERIC aerosols , *AEROSOLS , *METROPOLITAN areas , *DISINFECTION by-product , *MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols , *AEROSOL sampling - Abstract
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are usually taken to be man-made, regularly determined in drinking water as disinfection by-products; yet they have been demonstrated as a probable photooxidation products from atmospheric halogenated hydrocarbons. Here we determined a total of fourteen HAAs, including for the first time iodinated-HAAs, in aerosol samples collected from April to June 2023 at Parco Bissuola (urbanized area of Venice) and Rio Novo (Venice island). The study provides a first insight and source identification about the anthropogenic or natural origin of HAAs. To fulfil this aim, we improved existing methods with a highly sensitive technique by using high pressure anion exchange chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Five HAAs have been found to be above the detection limits at both sites, and the major source should be attributed to a mixed contribution from atmospheric oxidation of both organic precursor, sea spray and a minor contribution of an external swimming pool located near the Parco Bissuola site. Considering the presence of iodinated HAAs and their cytotoxicity, the present study also provides a basis for the assessment of risks for humans. [Display omitted] • A sensitive method was developed for fourteen HAAs in atmospheric aerosol. • The presence of iodinated organic acids was also evaluated. • Sea spray and atmospheric photo oxidation are the main source of HAAs. • The presence of a swimming pool slightly impacted in the airborne HAAs load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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