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Fabrication of cost-effective and eco-friendly hierarchical porous carbons from the most abundant and widely available biomass cellulose represents a critical and sustainable way to solve the crisis of fossil resources. In this work, a hierarchical porous carbon aerogel with desirable macropores, mesopores, and micropores was obtained via dissolving-gelling and subsequent carbonizing-activating process. The CO 2 activated carbon aerogel had a high specific surface area of 1364 m 2 /g and a high specific capacitance of 328 F g −1 (0.5 A g −1 , 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 ) as well as an outstanding cycling stability with 96% of the capacitance retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. More importantly, for the first time, we demonstrated that the cellulose-derived hierarchical porous carbon aerogel showed a good CO 2 adsorption capacity of 3.42 mmol/g (at 1 atm and 298 K), which indicates the possibility of using this carbon aerogel for CO 2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]