28 results on '"Tao Shao"'
Search Results
2. Improving Total Mixed Ration Silage: Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculants and Antimicrobial Additives on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability
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Xinbao Li, Yuanzhen Cheng, Feifei Yang, Junfeng Hu, Rui Ma, Haopeng Liu, and Tao Shao
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microbial and chemical additives ,total mixed ration silage ,fermentation quality ,aerobic stability ,Agriculture - Abstract
This work aimed to assess microbial inoculants (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri), chemical additives (natamycin and hexanoic acid), and their combination on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in total mixed ration (TMR) silage. The TMR consisted of 30% water bamboo shell (WBS), 10% alfalfa, 20% rice straw, and 40% concentrate. There were six treatments as follows: (1) deionized water (control, CON). (2) lactic acid bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum + Lentilactobacillus buchneri; LPB, 1 × 106 cfu/g FW). (3) natamycin (NT, 0.02 g/kg FW). (4) hexanoic acid (HA, 0.02 g/kg FW). (5) lactic acid bacteria + natamycin (SLNT, 0.02 g/kg FW). (6) lactic acid bacteria + hexanoic acid (SLHA, 0.02 g/kg FW). After fermentation, laboratory silos (10 L) were opened to assess fermentation quality, followed by a 6-day aerobic stability test. The results showed that all silages were well fermented with high lactic acid (LA) content, low ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and negligible butyric acid (BA) levels. Among all silages, SLNT silage exhibited the greatest LA, acetic acid (AA) levels, LAB counts, and the lowest pH and NH3-N. For aerobic stability, all additives significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced aerobic stability, delayed (p < 0.05) the decrease in LA and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and the increase in pH, and significantly (p < 0.05) minimized yeast proliferation. The SLNT silage showed the best aerobic stability, with SLHA, NT, HA, and LPB following. In conclusion, SLNT is recommended as the optimal additive in improving the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of TMR silage, with SLHA, NT, HA, and LPB following.
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- 2024
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3. Effects of Ensiling Density on the Fermentation Profile and Aerobic Stability of Wilted Alfalfa Silage
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Haopeng Liu, Xinbao Li, Feifei Yang, Junfeng Hu, Yushan Jia, and Tao Shao
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alfalfa ,ensiling density ,silage fermentation ,aerobic stability ,Agriculture - Abstract
Silage quality and aerobic stability are the key factors affecting the utilization efficiency of silage feed, and ensiling density stands as the fundamental principle of silage making. The experiment presented here evaluates the effects of ensiling density on the silage quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. In this experiment, alfalfa was harvested, wilted, chopped, and subsequently packed into 10 L laboratory silos. The ensiling densities were set to 800 g/L, 700 g/L, and 600 g/L, respectively, with three replicates in each group. Sampling and analysis were carried out at 45 days of silage and 8 days of aerobic exposure. The results showed that ensiling density significantly (p < 0.05) affected the content of ammonia nitrogen, Flieg score, the counts of yeast, and mold. After 45 days of ensiling, 800 g/L silage had the highest contents of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, lactic acid, and total organic acids, and the lowest pH and ammonia nitrogen compared to the 700 g/L and 600 g/L silage (p < 0.05). The Flieg score of 800 g/L silage was higher than those of the 700 g/L and 600 g/L silage. The counts of yeast and mold of 800 g/L silage was significantly lower than those of the 700 g/L and 600 g/L silage. During aerobic exposure, a consistent decrease in lactic acid and an increase in pH were observed among all silages. The aerobic stability of 800 g/L silage (156 h) was significantly higher than that in the 700 g/L (136 h) and 600 g/L silage (111 h). It was suggested that the increasing ensiling density above 800 g/L was an effective method to improve both the silage quality and the aerobic stability of alfalfa silage.
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- 2024
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4. The effectiveness of chemical additives on fermentation profiles, aerobic stability and in vitro ruminal digestibility of total mixed ration ensiled with Napier grass and wet distillers’ grains in southeast China
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Tongtong Dai, Dong Dong, Siran Wang, Cheng Zong, Xuejing Yin, Yushan Jia, and Tao Shao
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aerobic stability ,chemical additives ,fermentation quality ,in vitro ruminal digestibility ,total mixed ration ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Chemical additives have been widely used to restrain the growth of undesirable microorganisms, and they were ideal additives to well preserve silages. The work aimed at evaluating the effects of four chemical additives on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro ruminal digestibility of the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR). The TMR was treated with: (1) no additive (control); (2) sodium diacetate; (3) calcium propionate; (4) sodium benzoate (SB); (5) potassium sorbate (PS) on a fresh weight (FW) basis. After 60 days of ensiling, the silos were opened and sampled to determine fermentation quality, in vitro rumen parameters, and then the 60-day FTMR were subjected to a 9-day aerobic stability test. Chemical additives significantly (p
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- 2022
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5. Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability Evaluation of Rice Straw Silage with Different Ensiling Densities
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Haopeng Liu, Xinbao Li, Junfeng Hu, Jie Zhao, Guofeng Xu, Dong Dong, Yushan Jia, and Tao Shao
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rice straw ,ensiling density ,fermentation quality ,aerobic stability ,Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol ,TP500-660 - Abstract
Ensiling density has significant importance for the quality and preservation of silage. Appropriate ensiling density could improve the nutritional value, extend the storage time of silage and reduce the risk of mold and spoilage. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of ensiling densities on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of rice straw. The rice straw was obtained after threshing, then chopped and ensiled into a 10 L laboratory silo with three ensiling densities (high density at 700 g/L, medium density at 600 g/L and low density at 500 g/L). Five silos per density were opened after 3, 5, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days of ensiling, and then, the fermentation quality and aerobic stability were analyzed. During ensiling, high density had the highest lactic acid content, and the lowest pH and ammonia nitrogen. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the propionic acid, butyric acid and ethanol contents among all silage, and the contents of propionic acid and butyric acid were trace amounts. On day 60 of ensiling, the Flieg’s point of high density and medium density were higher than the low density. During aerobic exposure, the continuous lactic acid decrease and pH increase were observed in all silage. The aerobic bacteria and yeasts count in the high density and medium density were lower than that in the low density. The aerobic stability of the high density (26 h) and the medium density (24 h) were higher than that of the low density (13 h). It was suggested that if the ensiling density is higher than 600 g/L, it could effectively improve the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of rice straw.
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- 2023
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6. Evaluating fermentation quality, digestibility and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration ensiled with different additives on Tibet plateau
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Zhihao Dong, Siran Wang, Jie Zhao, Junfeng Li, Qinhua Liu, Yuhong Bao, and Tao Shao
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additive ,aerobic stability ,fermentation quality ,ensiled total mixed ration ,tibet plateau ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Objective To investigate the improvement in utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, TMR were ensiled with different additives. Methods A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the six treatments: i) control (without additive), ii) Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), iii) acetic acid, iv) propionic acid, v) 1,2-propanediol; and vi) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days. Results Treating with L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol decreased propionic acid contents and yeast number, whereas increased (p0.05) all in vitro parameters including gas production at 24 h (GP24), GP rate constant, potential GP, in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. All additives improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR to different extents. Specially, aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR were substantially improved by L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, indicated by stable pH and lactic acid content during the aerobic stability test. Conclusion L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility, while ensiling TMR with the additives produced more acetic acid and ethanol, subsequently resulting in improvement of aerobic stability. There is a potential for some fermentation boosting additives to enhance aerobic stability of fermented TMR on Tibetan plateau.
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- 2021
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7. Effect of substituting Pennisetum sinese with bamboo shoot shell (BSS) on aerobic stability and digestibility of ensiled total mixed ration
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Jie Zhao, Siran Wang, Zhihao Dong, Lei Chen, Junfeng Li, and Tao Shao
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aerobic stability ,bamboo shoot shell ,fermentation quality ,in vitro digestibility ,ensiled total mixed ration ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting Pennisetum sinese with bamboo shoot shell (BSS) on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of ensiled total mixed ration (TMR). Four ensiled TMRs were designed on fresh matter basis: (i) 45% P. sinese (BSS0); (ii) 15% BSS + 30% P. sinese (BSS15); (iii) 25% BSS + 20% P. sinese (BSS25); (iv) 35% BSS + 10% P. sinese (BSS35). All silages were moderately fermented according to the V-score. Substituting P. sinese with BSS increased acetic acid content and decreased ethanol and ammonia nitrogen contents (p .05). The substitution of P. sinese with BSS had no adverse effect on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility while efficiently improving the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR. The BSS35 substitution level is recommended considering the maximum utilisation of BSS.HIGHLIGHTS Bamboo shoot shell (BSS) was explored for ensiled TMR. BSS had no effect on the silage digestibility. BSS improved aerobic stability.
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- 2021
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8. Influences of Organic Acid Salts and Bacterial Additives on Fermentation Profile, Aerobic Stability, and In Vitro Digestibility of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Wet Hulless Barley Distillers’ Grains
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Siran Wang, Haopeng Liu, Jie Zhao, Zhihao Dong, Junfeng Li, and Tao Shao
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aerobic stability ,bacterial inoculants ,fermentation profile ,organic acid salts ,total mixed ration silage ,Agriculture - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impacts of three organic acid salts and two bacterial additives on the fermentation profile, in vitro digestibility and gas production, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage prepared with 10% fresh weight (FW) of wet hulless barley distillers’ grains (WHDG), 35% FW of common vetch, 15% FW of whole-crop oat, 10% FW of hulless barley straw, and 30% FW of mixed concentrate. The total mixed ration (555 g kg−1 FW) was ensiled with six treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) calcium propionate (CAP; 0.5% FW); (3) potassium sorbate (POS; 0.1% FW); (4) sodium diacetate (SDA; 0.5% FW); (5) Lactobacillus buchneri (LB; 1 × 106 cfu g−1 FW); and (6) Lactobacillus casei (LAC; 1 × 106 cfu g−1 FW). All silos (20 L) were opened for the fermentation profile and in vitro digestibility analysis after 95 days of fermentation, and then subjected to an aerobic stability experiment for 14 days. All the TMR silage was well preserved with a low pH (4.32~4.51), acceptable levels of butyric acid (1.34~1.56 g kg−1 dry matter), and ammonia nitrogen (69.1~87.1 g kg−1 total nitrogen). All the groups were steady during aerobic exposure, while the SDA treatment was more stable with lower populations of undesirable microorganisms on day 14. The CAP, POS, and SDA treatments evidently (p < 0.05) enhanced the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (54.8~57.5 vs. 48.4%) and neutral detergent fiber (48.4~51.6 vs. 41.1%) compared to the control. By comprehensive consideration, SDA is recommended as additive to enhance fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of TMR silage containing 10% FW of WHDG.
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- 2023
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9. Effects of citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage
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Xuxiong Tao, Sifan Chen, Jie Zhao, Siran Wang, Zhihao Dong, Junfeng Li, Fuxin Sun, and Tao Shao
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aerobic stability ,alfalfa ,antimicrobial activity ,silage additives ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid residue (CAR) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was treated as follows: (1) control without additive (CON); (2) LAB (L); (3) 12 g/kg CAR (C); (4) 12 g/kg CAR + LAB (CL) and fermented for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 and 45 days. The residual silages ensiled for 45 days were evaluated for aerobic stability. The results showed that addition of CAR with or without LAB inoculant decreased pH, acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen , neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose contents and Enterobacteriaceae counts (p
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- 2020
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10. Nutritional evaluation of wet brewers’ grains as substitute for common vetch in ensiled total mixed ration
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Siran Wang, Jie Zhao, Chengqun Yu, Junfeng Li, Xuxiong Tao, Sifan Chen, and Tao Shao
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aerobic stability ,fermentation quality ,nutritive value ,ensiled total mixed ration ,wet brewers’ grains ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The interest of ensiling total mixed ration for ruminants re-emerged in the last decades. In many situations, ensiled total mixed ration (ETMR) has been a sustainable alternative to efficiently handle wet by-products in ruminant diets. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of replacing common vetch with wet brewers’ grains (WBG) at different proportions on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, aerobic stability, in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of ETMR. Four ETMR formulations were designed according to the varied ratios on fresh weight basis: (i) 45% common vetch (Control); (ii) 35% common vetch +10% WBG; (iii) 25% common vetch +20% WBG; (iv) 15% common vetch +30% WBG. The laboratory silos (10 L) were opened after 70 days of ensiling, then the 70-day silages were subjected to aerobic stability for 14 days and changes in ETMR temperature were recorded. Replacing common vetch with WBG linearly increased the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid, ethanol, water soluble carbohydrate contents and dry matter recovery, and decreased pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen contents. When exposed to air, no ETMR deteriorated and their temperature appeared stable during the 14 days test. With the WBG levels increasing, the organic matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, 72-h net gas production and the average gas production rate were linearly decreased, whereas no obvious differences were observed among the control, 10% and 20% WBG silages. Therefore, 20% WBG can be used effectively in ETMR, reducing the need for common vetch without negative effects.Highlights Ensiling total mixed ration is a good way to use wet brewers’ grains Reducing the need for legume and feed cost 20% wet brewers’ grains replacement had no adverse effect on in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility
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- 2020
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11. Effects of additives on the fermentation quality, digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry ( L.) leaves silage
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Zhihao Dong, Siran Wang, Jie Zhao, Junfeng Li, and Tao Shao
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mulberry leaves ,additives ,fermentation quality ,aerobic stability ,digestibility ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
Objective To explore feed resources capable of replacing regular poor-quality fodder, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage. Methods The mulberry leaves were ensiled either untreated (control) or treated with 1×106 cfu/g fresh matter Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), and a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). The fermentation quality and chemical composition were analyzed after 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, respectively. The 60-d silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test and fermented with buffered rumen fluid to measure the digestibility. Results Inoculating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resulted in more rapid increase in lactic acid concentrations and decline in pH of mulberry leaves silage as compared control. Higher acetic acid and lower ethanol and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p
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- 2020
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12. Effect of applying lactobacillus plantarum and pediococcus acidilactici isolated on fermentation dynamics, microbial community and aerobic stability of napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silage
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Azizza SIFEELDEIN, Xianjun YUAN, Zhihao DONG, Junfeng LI, and Tao SHAO
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lactobacillus plantarum ,pediococcus acidilactici ,silage ,aerobic stability ,napier grass ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applying three of lactic acid bacteria isolates AZZ1, AZZ4, AZZ7 and one commercial (CB) on the fermentation dynamics and aerobic stability of Napier grass silage. The grass was ensiled with or without the addition of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant at 1.0×106 CFU/g of fresh material to Napier grass silage. Napier grass was ensiled in laboratory silos and treated as follows: no additives (control), Pediococcus acidilactici (AZZ1), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (AZZ4), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis (AZZ7) and Lactobacillus plantarum, Ecosyl MTD/1 (CB). To follow the fermentation dynamics during ensiling samples were taken on days 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 of ensiling for chemical and microbiological analysis. Aerobic stability was determined on day 90 of ensiling. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with a 5 × 5 × 3. The inoculant resulted in a more decreased (P
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- 2018
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13. Effects of calcium propionate on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage
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Zhihao Dong, Xianjun Yuan, Aiyou Wen, Seare T. Desta, and Tao Shao
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Alfalfa ,Calcium Propionate ,Fermentation Quality ,Aerobic Stability ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
Objective To assess the potency of calcium propionate (CAP) used as silage additive, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of CAP on the nitrogen transformation, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silages. Methods Alfalfa was ensiled with four levels of CAP (5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of fresh weight [FW]) in laboratory silos for 30 days. After opening, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbiological characteristics, and subjected to an aerobic stability test. Results The increasing proportion of CAP did not affect pH, lactic acid (LA) concentrations and yeast counts, while linearly decreased counts of enterobacteria (p = 0.029), molds (p
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- 2017
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14. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on conservation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration silage
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Lei CHEN, Xian-jun YUAN, Jun-feng LI, Si-ran WANG, Zhi-hao DONG, and Tao SHAO
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lactic acid bacteria ,propionic acid ,fermentation quality ,aerobic stability ,in vitro digestibility ,total mixed ration silage ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) an inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) (L); (3) propionic acid (P); (4) propionic acid+lactic acid bacteria (PL). All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH (
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- 2017
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15. Effect of Applying Molasses and Propionic Acid on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Whole-plant Corn in Tibet
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Lei Chen, Gang Guo, Xianjun Yuan, Masataka Shimojo, Chengqun Yu, and Tao Shao
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Molasses ,Propionic Acid ,Fermentation Quality ,Aerobic Stability ,Whole-plant Corn TMR ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of molasses and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with whole-plant corn in Tibet. TMR (354 g/kg DM) was ensiled with four different treatments: no additive (control), molasses (M), propionic acid (P), and molasses+propionic acid (PM), in laboratory silos (250 mL) and fermented for 45 d. Silos were opened and silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days, in which chemical and microbiological parameters of TMR silages were measured to determined the aerobic deterioration. After 45 d of ensiling, the four TMR silages were of good quality with low pH value and ammonia/total N (AN), and high lactic acid (LA) content and V-scores. M silage showed the highest (p105 cfu/g FM), however, it appeared to be more stable as indicated by a delayed pH value increase. P and PM silages showed fewer yeasts (
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- 2014
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16. Evaluating fermentation quality, digestibility and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration ensiled with different additives on Tibet plateau
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Junfeng Li, Zhihao Dong, Qinhua Liu, Yuhong Bao, Jie Zhao, Tao Shao, and Siran Wang
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0106 biological sciences ,additive ,Physiology ,tibet plateau ,Total mixed ration ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,aerobic stability ,Ruminant Nutrition and Forage Utilization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetic acid ,010608 biotechnology ,ensiled total mixed ration ,Genetics ,fermentation quality ,Food science ,Completely randomized design ,Lactobacillus buchneri ,Ethanol ,General Veterinary ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Yeast ,Lactic acid ,chemistry ,QL1-991 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fermentation ,Zoology ,Food Science - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the improvement in utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, TMR were ensiled with different additives.Methods: A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the six treatments: i) control (without additive), ii) Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), iii) acetic acid, iv) propionic acid, v) 1,2-propanediol; and vi) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days.Results: Treating with L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol decreased propionic acid contents and yeast number, whereas increased (p0.05) all in vitro parameters including gas production at 24 h (GP24), GP rate constant, potential GP, in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. All additives improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR to different extents. Specially, aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR were substantially improved by L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, indicated by stable pH and lactic acid content during the aerobic stability test.Conclusion: L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility, while ensiling TMR with the additives produced more acetic acid and ethanol, subsequently resulting in improvement of aerobic stability. There is a potential for some fermentation boosting additives to enhance aerobic stability of fermented TMR on Tibetan plateau.
- Published
- 2021
17. Effect of substituting Pennisetum sinese with bamboo shoot shell (BSS) on aerobic stability and digestibility of ensiled total mixed ration
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Lei Chen, Junfeng Li, Zhihao Dong, Jie Zhao, Tao Shao, and Siran Wang
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bamboo shoot shell ,biology ,in vitro digestibility ,Chemistry ,Shell (structure) ,Total mixed ration ,biology.organism_classification ,SF1-1100 ,aerobic stability ,Bamboo shoot ,Animal culture ,Animal science ,ensiled total mixed ration ,fermentation quality ,Animal Science and Zoology ,sense organs ,Pennisetum - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting Pennisetum sinese with bamboo shoot shell (BSS) on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of ensiled total mixed ration (TMR). Four ensiled TMRs were designed on fresh matter basis: (i) 45% P. sinese (BSS0); (ii) 15% BSS + 30% P. sinese (BSS15); (iii) 25% BSS + 20% P. sinese (BSS25); (iv) 35% BSS + 10% P. sinese (BSS35). All silages were moderately fermented according to the V-score. Substituting P. sinese with BSS increased acetic acid content and decreased ethanol and ammonia nitrogen contents (p .05). The substitution of P. sinese with BSS had no adverse effect on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility while efficiently improving the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR. The BSS35 substitution level is recommended considering the maximum utilisation of BSS.HIGHLIGHTS Bamboo shoot shell (BSS) was explored for ensiled TMR. BSS had no effect on the silage digestibility. BSS improved aerobic stability.
- Published
- 2021
18. Nutritional evaluation of wet brewers’ grains as substitute for common vetch in ensiled total mixed ration
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Xuxiong Tao, Siran Wang, Tao Shao, Junfeng Li, Chengqun Yu, Jie Zhao, and Sifan Chen
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wet brewers’ grains ,040301 veterinary sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Total mixed ration ,nutritive value ,SF1-1100 ,040201 dairy & animal science ,aerobic stability ,Animal culture ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,ensiled total mixed ration ,fermentation quality ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Mathematics - Abstract
The interest of ensiling total mixed ration for ruminants re-emerged in the last decades. In many situations, ensiled total mixed ration (ETMR) has been a sustainable alternative to efficiently handle wet by-products in ruminant diets. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of replacing common vetch with wet brewers’ grains (WBG) at different proportions on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, aerobic stability, in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of ETMR. Four ETMR formulations were designed according to the varied ratios on fresh weight basis: (i) 45% common vetch (Control); (ii) 35% common vetch +10% WBG; (iii) 25% common vetch +20% WBG; (iv) 15% common vetch +30% WBG. The laboratory silos (10 L) were opened after 70 days of ensiling, then the 70-day silages were subjected to aerobic stability for 14 days and changes in ETMR temperature were recorded. Replacing common vetch with WBG linearly increased the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid, ethanol, water soluble carbohydrate contents and dry matter recovery, and decreased pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen contents. When exposed to air, no ETMR deteriorated and their temperature appeared stable during the 14 days test. With the WBG levels increasing, the organic matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, 72-h net gas production and the average gas production rate were linearly decreased, whereas no obvious differences were observed among the control, 10% and 20% WBG silages. Therefore, 20% WBG can be used effectively in ETMR, reducing the need for common vetch without negative effects.Highlights Ensiling total mixed ration is a good way to use wet brewers’ grains Reducing the need for legume and feed cost 20% wet brewers’ grains replacement had no adverse effect on in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility
- Published
- 2020
19. Effects of citric acid residue and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage
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Zhihao Dong, Junfeng Li, Fuxin Sun, Xuxiong Tao, Siran Wang, Sifan Chen, Tao Shao, and Jie Zhao
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antimicrobial activity ,biology ,Silage ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,SF1-1100 ,aerobic stability ,Animal culture ,Lactic acid ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,Residue (chemistry) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fermentation ,Food science ,Citric acid ,alfalfa ,silage additives ,Bacteria - Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of citric acid residue (CAR) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was treated as follows: (1) control without additive (CON); (2) LAB (L); (3) 12 g/kg CAR (C); (4) 12 g/kg CAR + LAB (CL) and fermented for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 and 45 days. The residual silages ensiled for 45 days were evaluated for aerobic stability. The results showed that addition of CAR with or without LAB inoculant decreased pH, acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen , neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose contents and Enterobacteriaceae counts (p
- Published
- 2020
20. Effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves silage
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Jie Zhao, Siran Wang, Tao Shao, Junfeng Li, and Zhihao Dong
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Silage ,Article ,Ruminant Nutrition and Forage Utilization ,Aerobic Stability ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rumen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetic acid ,Fodder ,Dry matter ,Food science ,In vitro Digestibility ,Mulberry Leaves ,030304 developmental biology ,Fermentation Quality ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Additives ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Lactic acid ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fermentation ,Lactobacillus plantarum ,Food Science - Abstract
Objective: To explore feed resources capable of replacing regular poor-quality fodder, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage.Methods: The mulberry leaves were ensiled either untreated (control) or treated with 1×106 cfu/g fresh matter Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), and a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). The fermentation quality and chemical composition were analyzed after 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, respectively. The 60-d silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test and fermented with buffered rumen fluid to measure the digestibility.Results: Inoculating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resulted in more rapid increase in lactic acid concentrations and decline in pH of mulberry leaves silage as compared control. Higher acetic acid and lower ethanol and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p
- Published
- 2019
21. Antimicrobial effects of four chemical additives on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro ruminal digestibility of total mixed ration silage prepared with local food by-products.
- Author
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Zhe Han, Guofeng Xu, Siran Wang, Tongtong Dai, Dong Dong, Cheng Zong, Xuejing Yin, Yushan Jia, and Tao Shao
- Abstract
The objective of the work is to evaluate the effects of four chemical additives on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro ruminal digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. TMR containing 15% spent mushroom substrate, 25% soybean sauce residue, 45% napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.), and 15% concentrate was ensiled with the following: (1) no additives (control), (2) potassium sorbate (PS, 0.1%), (3) sodium benzoate (SB, 0.1%), (4) sodium diacetate (SDA, 0.5%), and (5) calcium propionate (CAP, 0.5%) based on fresh weight. All silos (10 L) were opened for fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal digestibility analysis after 60 days of ensiling, and then subjected to aerobic stability test for 9 days. All TMR silages were well-conserved, as indicated by low pH, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen contents. During aerobic exposure, SDA was more stable with higher (p < 0.05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents and lower (p < 0.05) yeast counts than other TMR silages. In addition, SDA significantly (p < 0.05) increased cumulate gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility compared with the control. Overall, SDA is recommended as additives to improve fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal digestibility, and aerobic stability of TMR silage prepared with local food by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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22. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on conservation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration silage
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Tao Shao, Zhihao Dong, Siran Wang, Xianjun Yuan, Lei Chen, and Li Junfeng
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0301 basic medicine ,propionic acid ,in vitro digestibility ,Silage ,Agriculture (General) ,Plant Science ,Total mixed ration ,Biochemistry ,aerobic stability ,S1-972 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rumen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Food Animals ,fermentation quality ,Food science ,Microbial inoculant ,Ecology ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Lactic acid ,lactic acid bacteria ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,total mixed ration silage ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fermentation ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Bacteria ,Lactobacillus plantarum ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) an inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) (L); (3) propionic acid (P); (4) propionic acid+lactic acid bacteria (PL). All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH (
- Published
- 2017
23. Effects of calcium propionate on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage
- Author
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Wen Aiyou, Seare T. Desta, Zhihao Dong, Tao Shao, and Xianjun Yuan
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0301 basic medicine ,Silage ,lcsh:Animal biochemistry ,Calcium Propionate ,Article ,Butyric acid ,Ruminant Nutrition and Forage Utilization ,Aerobic Stability ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetic acid ,Animal science ,Dry matter ,lcsh:QP501-801 ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,Fermentation Quality ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ethanol ,Alfalfa ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Lactic acid ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Propionate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fermentation ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Food Science - Abstract
Objective To assess the potency of calcium propionate (CAP) used as silage additive, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of CAP on the nitrogen transformation, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silages. Methods Alfalfa was ensiled with four levels of CAP (5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of fresh weight [FW]) in laboratory silos for 30 days. After opening, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbiological characteristics, and subjected to an aerobic stability test. Results The increasing proportion of CAP did not affect pH, lactic acid (LA) concentrations and yeast counts, while linearly decreased counts of enterobacteria (p = 0.029), molds (p
- Published
- 2017
24. Evaluating fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration ensiled with different additives on Tibet plateau.
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Zhihao Dong, Siran Wang, Jie Zhao, Junfeng Li, Qinhua Liu, Yuhong Bao, and Tao Shao
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PROPIONIC acid ,FERMENTATION ,PLATEAUS ,LACTIC acid ,ADDITIVES ,ACETIC acid ,PROPANOLS - Abstract
Objective: To investigate the improvement in utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, TMR were ensiled with different additives. Methods: A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the six treatments: i) control (without additive), ii) Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), iii) acetic acid, iv) propionic acid, v) 1,2-propanediol; and vi) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days. Results: Treating with L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol decreased propionic acid contents and yeast number, whereas increased (p<0.05) pH, acetic acid and ethanol contents in the fermented TMR. Despite increased dry matter (DM) loss in the TMRs treated with 1,2-propanediol and 1-pronanol, additives did not affect (p>0.05) all in vitro parameters including gas production at 24 h (GP24), GP rate constant, potential GP, in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. All additives improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR to different extents. Specially, aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR were substantially improved by L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, indicated by stable pH and lactic acid content during the aerobic stability test. Conclusion: L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility, while ensiling TMR with the additives produced more acetic acid and ethanol, subsequently resulting in improvement of aerobic stability. There is a potential for some fermentation boosting additives to enhance aerobic stability of fermented TMR on Tibetan plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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25. Effect of Applying Molasses and Propionic Acid on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage Prepared with Whole-plant Corn in Tibet
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Chengqun Yu, Yuan Xianjun, Masataka Shimojo, Tao Shao, Lei Chen, and Gang Guo
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Stability test ,biology ,Silage ,lcsh:Animal biochemistry ,Whole-plant Corn TMR ,Total mixed ration ,Articles ,biology.organism_classification ,Lactic acid ,Aerobic Stability ,Ammonia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Fermentation ,Molasses ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Propionic Acid ,lcsh:QP501-801 ,Food Science ,Lactobacillus buchneri ,Fermentation Quality ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of molasses and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with whole-plant corn in Tibet. TMR (354 g/kg DM) was ensiled with four different treatments: no additive (control), molasses (M), propionic acid (P), and molasses+propionic acid (PM), in laboratory silos (250 mL) and fermented for 45 d. Silos were opened and silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days, in which chemical and microbiological parameters of TMR silages were measured to determined the aerobic deterioration. After 45 d of ensiling, the four TMR silages were of good quality with low pH value and ammonia/total N (AN), and high lactic acid (LA) content and V-scores. M silage showed the highest (p105 cfu/g FM), however, it appeared to be more stable as indicated by a delayed pH value increase. P and PM silages showed fewer yeasts (
- Published
- 2014
26. Effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves silage.
- Author
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Zhihao Dong, Siran Wang, Jie Zhao, Junfeng Li, and Tao Shao
- Subjects
WHITE mulberry ,SILAGE ,MULBERRY ,ADDITIVES ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,LACTIC acid - Abstract
Objective: To explore feed resources capable of replacing regular poor-quality fodder, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage. Methods: The mulberry leaves were ensiled either untreated (control) or treated with 1×106 cfu/g fresh matter Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), and a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). The fermentation quality and chemical composition were analyzed after 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, respectively. The 60-d silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test and fermented with buffered rumen fluid to measure the digestibility. Results: Inoculating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resulted in more rapid increase in lactic acid concentrations and decline in pH of mulberry leaves silage as compared control. Higher acetic acid and lower ethanol and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p<0.05) were observed in the LAB-inoculated silages as opposed to control during ensiling. The LAB-inoculated silages contained lower water-soluble carbohydrates compared with control during the first 14 d of ensiling, and lower neutral detergent fibre (p<0.05) concentrations as compared with non-LAB inoculated silages. Adding molasses alone increased (p<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (DM). The aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage was increased by LAB inoculation, whereas decreased by adding glucose or molasses. Conclusion: The LAB inoculation improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage, while adding glucose or molasses failed to affect the fermentation and impaired the aerobic stability. Inoculating LAB alone is recommended for mulberry leaves especially when ensiled at a relatively high DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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27. Effects of different additives on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of a total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources on Tibetan plateau.
- Author
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Zhihao Dong, Jie Zhao, Sifan Chen, Yuhong Bao, Xuxiong Tao, Siran Wang, Junfeng Li, Qinhua Liu, and Tao Shao
- Abstract
To improve the utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, the effects of different additives on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR prepared with local feed resources were studied. A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the following treatments: (a) control; (b) Lactobacillus buchneri; (c) acetic acid; (d) propionic acid; (e) 1,2-propanediol; and (f) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro parameters analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days. The acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol treatments increased (p < .05) pH and acetic acid content, and lowered (p < .05) the lactic acid production in comparison to control. There were no statistically significant differences in in vitro digestibility parameters among the treatments. Treatments of acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol substantially improved the aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR, as indicated by almost unchanged pH and lactic acid contents throughout the aerobic exposure test. These results indicated that acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility and could be effective additives for enhancing the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR prepared on Tibetan plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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28. Effect of Applying Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici Isolated on Fermentation Dynamics, Microbial Community and Aerobic Stability of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Silage.
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SIFEELDEIN, Azizza, Xianjun YUAN, Zhihao DONG, Junfeng LI, and Tao SHAO
- Subjects
CENCHRUS purpureus ,PEDIOCOCCUS acidilactici ,LACTOBACILLUS plantarum ,LACTIC acid bacteria ,MICROBIAL communities ,AEROBIC bacteria ,MICROORGANISM populations - Abstract
Copyright of Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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