1. Caution, 'normal' BMI: health risks associated with potentially masked individual underweight-EPMA Position Paper 2021
- Author
-
Maria E. Evsevyeva, Rostyslav V Bubnov, Carl Erb, Anatolij A. Kunin, Dieter Felbel, Niva Shapira, Dietrich Büsselberg, Detlef E. Dietrich, Kamil Biringer, Holger Fröhlich, Friedemann Paul, Martin Hofmann-Apitius, Halina Podbielska, Olga Golubnitschaja, Lenka Koklesova, Alena Liskova, Alexander Karabatsiakis, Colin Birkenbihl, Jiri Polivka, Marek Samec, and Peter Kubatka
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Weight loss ,Youth ,Anthropometrics ,Non-communicable disorders ,Reproductive dysfunction ,Deficits ,Disease ,Overweight ,Elderly ,BMI deviation ,Pregnancy ,Drug Discovery ,Health care ,Pathology ,Medicine ,Underweight ,Individualised patient profile ,education.field_of_study ,Big data management ,Anorexia athletica ,Progression ,Endothelin-1 ,Healthcare ,Population health ,ROS ,Cardiovascular disease ,Health policy ,Hypoxic effects ,Stroke ,Unintentional ,Body fluids ,Flammer syndrome ,Neurology ,Metabolic pathways ,Medical imaging ,medicine.symptom ,Cancers ,Intentional ,Manifestation ,Systemic ischemia ,Communicable ,Population ,Well-being ,Multi-parametric analysis ,Wound healing ,Innovative population Screening Programme ,Modelling ,Adults ,Artificial intelligence in medicine ,Molecular patterns ,Disease development ,Neurodegeneration ,education ,Health economy ,Nutrition ,Inflammation ,business.industry ,Research ,Biochemistry (medical) ,COVID-19 ,Body weight ,Biomarker panel ,Immune system ,Vasoconstriction ,Fat ,Multi-level diagnostics ,Sports medicine ,Microbiome ,Predictive preventive personalised medicine (3PM/PPPM) ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
An increasing interest in a healthy lifestyle raises questions about optimal body weight. Evidently, it should be clearly discriminated between the standardised “normal” body weight and individually optimal weight. To this end, the basic principle of personalised medicine “one size does not fit all” has to be applied. Contextually, “normal” but e.g. borderline body mass index might be optimal for one person but apparently suboptimal for another one strongly depending on the individual genetic predisposition, geographic origin, cultural and nutritional habits and relevant lifestyle parameters—all included into comprehensive individual patient profile. Even if only slightly deviant, both overweight and underweight are acknowledged risk factors for a shifted metabolism which, if being not optimised, may strongly contribute to the development and progression of severe pathologies. Development of innovative screening programmes is essential to promote population health by application of health risks assessment, individualised patient profiling and multi-parametric analysis, further used for cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The following healthcare areas are considered to be potentially strongly benefiting from the above proposed measures: suboptimal health conditions, sports medicine, stress overload and associated complications, planned pregnancies, periodontal health and dentistry, sleep medicine, eye health and disorders, inflammatory disorders, healing and pain management, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancers, psychiatric and neurologic disorders, stroke of known and unknown aetiology, improved individual and population outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19. In a long-term way, a significantly improved healthcare economy is one of benefits of the proposed paradigm shift from reactive to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (PPPM/3PM). A tight collaboration between all stakeholders including scientific community, healthcare givers, patient organisations, policy-makers and educators is essential for the smooth implementation of 3PM concepts in daily practice.
- Published
- 2021