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Dynamics of morbidity and mortality from pancreatic cancer in the population of Novosibirsk according to the Population-based Cancer Registry and the Registry of total mortality for 25 years (1988-2012) were analyzed. The morbidity and mortality for the studied period decreased slightly. Incidence rates in middle-aged males are higher than in females but this difference is leveled after 75 years. Possible risk factors for pancreatic cancer as well as issues of screening and prevention are discussed.

The article discusses the possible etiological factors in the development of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The authors presented a comparative long-term analysis of morbidity from non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Russia. Against the background of general decline in STIs incidence, a significant percentage of them is made up by urogenital trichomoniasis. The findings substantiated the advantages of combination therapy (ornidazole and ofloxacin) for bacterial urinary tract infections.

The paper presents the long-term experience of Siberian epidemiological studies in the field of gastroenterology (cross-sectional and prospective). High prevalence of Helicobacterpylori infection (75-85%) in the adult population of Siberia, and the association with dyspeptic symptoms in different age groups are shown. The dynamics of infection in children and adolescents, the high detection rates of CagA-positive strains, the prevalence of the different phenotypes of gastritis and the predictive value of gastric atrophy biomarkers in relation to gastric cancer were studied. The importance of epidemiological studies for the formation of groups at risk for a number of diseases and the development of prevention programs is demonstrated.

The use of systemic enzyme therapy in combination with antibiotics in the treatment of urogenital chlamydia infection in patients of both sexes proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the risk of the side effects.

Seventy five patients with urogenital chlamydial and mycoplasmic infections were enrolled in the trial. In the etiotropic therapy azithromycin was used in the standard dosage (1.0-1.5 g) depending on the infection. The treatment with azithromycin, in addition to the high eradication rates, was also evident of its effect on the cytokine levels in the patients, that was characteristic of a significant increase of the IFN-gamma level and a decrease of the IL-1beta and IL-6 levels in the blood.

The paper is dedicated to associations between infective agents and coronary artery disease (CAD). The study design included examination of a random sample of non-organized population (389 adults aged 25 to 64 years). Using immune-enzyme assay, IgM and IgG antibodies to seven infective and parasite agents (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Opisthorchis felineus, and Giardia lamblia), as well as the level of IgE were measured. In patients with CAD, IgE level was significantly higher vs. controls, but is was not connected with the infections under study except opisthorchosis invasion. The incidence of some pathogens was higher in CAD patients vs. controls. The total number of infections detected in an individual was associated with a higher frequency of CAD and some atherosclerotic risk factors.

The study included 1562 adults who has been questioned about gastrointestinal symptoms and mode of dieting habits. Hasty meals, eating just before sleep, daytime snacks, long period between meals, irregular meals were associated with symptoms of dyspepsia. Differences in mode of dieting and its influence on gastrointestinal symptoms between males and females were found.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of metronidazole and ornidazole in the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis in men. The drugs were used randomly in usual doses as monotherapy: 210 patients, metronidazole and 217 patients, ornidazole. The clinical efficacy of metronidazole and ornidazole was stated in 57.6 and 94.5% of the patients and the microbiological efficacy was stated in 77.1 and 98.2% of the patients respectively. The side effects were recorded in 59.0 and 3.7% of the patients respectively. Thus, ornidazole proved to be a more efficient and safe agent vs. metronidazole in the treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis.

To study the prevalence of CagA-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori in Novosibirsk residents and to assess their relation to some clinical parameters.Random sample of the population (218 males and 220 females aged 25-64 years) was examined. Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and CagA protein were tested in the sera using enzyme immunoassay. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with questionnaire.The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 88%, among H. pylori-positive persons CagA-positivity was revealed in 58%. Presence of antibodies to CagA protein was associated with dyspepsia (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.5) and history of peptic ulcer (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.0-14.5). CagA-positive subjects more frequently reported bowel disturbances, diarrhea, in particular (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.4).The data showed similar distribution of H. pylori and CagA-positivity among adult population in Russia and Eastern European countries. CagA-positivity is associated with peptic ulcer and dyspepsia.

During prophylactic examination of blood sera taken from the members of 59 families by the enzyme immunoassay, antibodies to H. pylori and CagA protein were determined. As shown in this study, the children of non-infected mothers proved to be infected in 6.3% of cases and the children of infected mothers, in 72.1% of cases (p0.001). The children of non-infected fathers were H. pylori-positive in 71.4% and those of infected fathers, in 58.4% of cases. The CagA status was found to coincide in mothers and their children (p = 0.01), but not in fathers and their children. These data indicate that children acquire H. pylori infection from the members of their family, mainly from their mothers.

To evaluate the occurrence of cholelithiasis (CL) diagnosed by routine autopsy and to compare these data with the results of ultrasonographic examination of the general population.Autopsy protocols (n = 1124) from a large general hospital were analysed, and a representative sample of Novosibirsk population (1678 examinees aged 25-64 years) was examined by ultrasonography.Prevalence of CL increased with age and was five-fold higher in females than in males. Both methods showed good concordance. The age-adjusted CL prevalence rates in 25-64 year-old groups was 1.94% in males and 9.53% in females in autopsy series, and 2.16% and 11.16%, respectively, in ultrasonographic study.Routine autopsy may serve as a reliable tool in evaluating prevalence of CL among the population provided the values are gender- and age-standardized.

The study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence of diffuse liver lesions and associated factors in the general population of Novosibirsk, Western Siberia. A representative sample of 362 men and 870 women aged 25-64 years was investigated using ultrasound examination and blood tests for liver-derived enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT). Diffuse liver lesions (DLL) were detected in 42.8% of males and 18.7% of females. A significant association was found between DLL and elevated levels of liver enzymes. In conclusion, the prevalence of chronic liver disease is relatively frequent in the unselected urban population.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in various regions of Siberia and the Far East. A representative sample of adult Novosibirsk population participated in the study and four groups of native population of various regions of Siberia were examined, and patients' sera were tested using ELISA. H. pylori is widespread among Siberian populations with prevalence rates ranging between 71% and 92%. Almost maximum prevalence rates of H. pylori infection occurred by the age of 30 years, with only minor increase at older ages.

687 adults in 5 regions of Siberia and 79 children and young persons in Novosibirsk were examined. IgG antibodies to H. pylori in their blood sera were determined with the use the enzyme immunoassay. The detection rate of antibodies among the adult population varied within 70-87%, depending on the region, being somewhat lower among the population north of latitude 60 degrees (75%) in comparison with the population residing south of this latitude (86%, p0.001). In Novosibirsk the number of seropositive persons was found to be unrelated to sex, age and clinical manifestations of digestive tract diseases. A high detection rate of antibodies to H. pylori was registered in persons aged 25-34 years with a minor increase in older age groups. In children the detection rate increased with age: 29% in children of 5-10 years old and 56% in children 11-14 years old. By the age of 15 more than a half of the children had antibodies.

To investigate the prevalence of gallstones and associated factors in female population of Novosibirsk (Western Siberia).A representative sample of 870 women aged 25-64 years was drawn from general population according to WHO "MONICA" protocol. The subjects were screened for the presence of gallstones by gallbladder ultrasonography, completed a questionnaire relating to food and alcohol consumption, smoking, gastrointestinal symptoms and obstetric history. They also underwent physical examination and blood chemistry tests. Age-adjusted prevalence of cholelithiasis was 9.5%. Increasing age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, consumption of animal fat, pregnancies and opisthorchiasis positively correlated with gallstones in univariate analysis. Serum lipids, family history of gallstones, consumption of alcohol and tobacco were not predictors of gallstones. Only association with age and obesity was significant in multivariate analysis. Among subjects with cholelithiasis 52.1% were not aware of having gallstones. Subjects with gallstones more frequently suffered from biliary colics and non-specific dyspeptic symptoms. However, their predictive value was poor. Cholecystectomized patients revealed more often upper abdominal pain and dyspeptic symptoms.Prevalence and risk factors for gallstones in female population of Novosibirsk are similar to those reported in Western European countries. Cholecystectomy is not recommended in patients with symptomless disease.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a widespread human pathogen closely associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Thirty-four males from one of the settlements of coastal Chukotka (72% of total adult male population, mean age 31.6 years) underwent upper endoscopy, and HP was examined histologically in antral biopsies (Giemsa stain). Histology revealed normal mucosa in 16%, antral superficial gastritis in 29%, and atrophic gastritis in 55%. HP was found in 40% of histological specimens of normal mucosa, in 100% of superficial gastritis, and in 77% of atrophic gastritis. Correlation was found between the degree of bacterial contamination and both the activity of gastritis and grade of mononuclear infiltration. Data indicate a high prevalence of HP among Chukotka Natives (77%) which may partly explain the significant frequency of antral gastritis in this population.

The study of a complex of anamnestic, clinicoendoscopic and functional-morphological characteristics in type I and II (according to Johnson) gastric ulcer.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, gastric secretion tests, determination of blood group and Rh factor were performed in 91 patients (52 patients with ulcer type I and 39 with ulcer type II).Ulcers type I have arisen in the presence of long-term chronic gastritis. They were associated with marked changes in the mucosa of gastric body, its atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, persistent recurrences in the same gastric zone. Ulcers type II are characterized by hereditary loading, 0(I) blood group, combination with gastroduodenal erosions, season occurrence, trend to migration and recurrence in different gastric or duodenal zones, HCl hypersecretion, high occurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection.It is thought valid to include types of gastric ulcer in current classification of ulcer.

A significant correlation between a number of functional parameters of gastric secretion, incretion and histological changes of gastric mucosa was found in patients with chronic gastritis. Score assessment of morphological abnormalities of the gastric mucosa allows using not only simple statistical methods, but also complex mathematical models.

Patients with gastroduodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis (CG) and healthy controls (124, 57 and 24 subjects, respectively) were examined for intensity and duration of duodenogastric reflux (DGR). These indices were assessed by concentrations of gastric juice bilirubin. It is found that DGR occurred in 29% of the examinees free of gastroduodenal diseases, does not correlate with morphological CG-induced changes and Helicobacter pylori contamination degree. The reflux in CG seems to be secondary in pathogenesis of this disease. In patients with aggravated duodenal and gastric ulcer the reflux in the basal stage is 2-2.5 and 5-6 times higher than in the controls, respectively. DGR parameters correlated with the height of the ulcer defect. Retrograde entrance of the duodenal content into the stomach in duodenal ulcer enhances acid production in the stomach through gastrin mechanisms.