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Objectives We examined four clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GU030113, GU110095, GU110332 and GU110362) isolated between 2000 and 2014 in Japan, exhibiting ceftriaxone MICs of 0.5 mg/L, for mutations of the genes associated with penicillin resistance. Methods The penA, mtrR, porB1b (penB), ponA and pilQ genes of the strains were sequenced. PBP2s of the strains were aligned to the PBP2s associated with decreased susceptibility to oral cephalosporins, and PBP2s of previously reported strains with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Results GU030113 had PBP2 pattern X with an additional substitution of A502T. GU110095 had PBP2 pattern XXVII. GU110332 had PBP2 pattern XXXIV with an additional substitution of P552S. GU110362 had PBP2 composed of pattern X (amino acid positions 1-291) and pattern V (amino acid positions 292-576). GU030113, GU110095 and GU110332 had deletion of A in the mtrR promoter, G120K and A121D or A121N in PorB1b and L421P in PBP1. GU110362 had A40D in the repressor of MtrR and L421P in PBP1. The strains did not have mutations of pilQ1 and pilQ2. Conclusions Addition of A502T to PBP2 pattern X in GU030113 and of P552S to PBP2 pattern XXXIV in GU110332 would possibly contribute to decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone. In GU110095 and GU110362, it was suggested that, in addition to their altered PBP2s, the enhanced efflux pump, reduced permeability in the outer membrane, another altered target of β-lactams and/or other mechanisms not identified in the present study might contribute to decreased susceptibility.

Purpose We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of Hautmann neobladder reconstruction in terms of complications, lower urinary tract symptoms, and sexual function in a large group of patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 118 patients (105 men and 13 women) who underwent radical cystectomy and Hautmann neobladder construction at the Gifu University Hospital or one of its affiliate hospitals between Jan 1993 and Dec 1999. The 118 patients were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual activity, and the data was compiled. Results The mean follow-up period was 50.4 months (range, 6.8-88.2). Early complications comprised wound infection (in 17.8% of patients) and ileus (in 10.1% of patients). Late complications comprised ileus, pyelonephritis, stone, and stricture of the pouch-urethral anastomosis, each of which occurred in 3.4% of patients. Eighty-one (73 men and 8 women, 72.9%) of 90 surviving patients replied to the questionnaire. Seventy-seven (95.1%) of these patients reported spontaneous micturition, whereas 4 (4.9%) patients required intermittent self-catheterization. The mean total I-PSS was 11.6 points. Twenty-five percent of patients experienced interrupted voiding almost always; 38% of patients did not experience this at all. Approximately 26% of patients experienced weak urinary streams; 36% did not. Daytime continence was achieved in 97.3% of patients; nighttime incontinence was present in 61.3%. Preoperatively, 79.7% of the men were capable of sexual intercourse. Postoperatively, 63.6% of men who underwent radical cystectomy with the nerve-sparing procedure were capable of sexual intercourse, whereas only 14.8% of men who underwent radical cystectomy without the nerve-sparing procedure were. Conclusions Morbidity rates were acceptable and functional outcome was excellent in this rather large group of patients who underwent Hautmann neobladder construction. Some problems have not been fully overcome, however, i.e., nocturnal incontinence and sexual dysfunction.

A 31-year-old male visited our hospital with a complaint of left scrotal pain that began suddenly one week before the visit. The results of scrotal examination, blood cell count and biochemical examination were normal. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-defined avascular lesion of the left testis with rim enhancement. With the suspicion of a segmental testicular infarction, left testicular biopsy and bilateral orchiopexy were performed. Pathological examination demonstrated a testicular infarction. One month after surgery, enhanced MRI showed normal testis.

A 40-year-old man with dysuria was referred to our department on November, 18, 2004. A transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass arising from his bladder neck. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the cyst to be homogeneous and ovally shaped with a clear margin. Bilateral vasography showed the compression of the left seminal vesicle by the cyst and there was communication between the cyst and the left seminal vesicle for diagnosis of the seminal vesicle cyst, percutaneous needle aspiration was performed. The aspirated fluid included microscopical spermatozoa and proved negative for cytology. Absolute ethanol was injected into the cyst and transurethral unroofing of the cyst was performed on January 14, 2005. The prostate was resected until we reached into the cyst.

Between June 2000 and January 2001, 11 patients were diagnosed with Clostridium diffcile (C. difficile)-associated diarrhea in the ward of urology at the Kakegawa Municipal Hospital. Of these 11 patients, 10 had exposure to antimicrobial agents, before the onset of diarrhea. All patients' stools were positive for C. difficile toxin A. After discotinuing antimicrobial agents with or without administering Vancomycin, they recovered from C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Between January 2001 and September 2002, 17 patients who were diagnosed with C. difficile-associated diarrhea in our hospital were classified into two types by PCR ribotyping. Therefore, we suspected a nosocomial outbreak of diarrhea caused by C. difficile.