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The efficiency of low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) was studied in the treatment of 291 patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Clinical grounds are given for use of LILR red and infrared rays in rehabilitation of hypertensive patients with ischemia. The rehabilitation regimens can be differentiated according to the disease severity, type of hemodynamics, state of cerebral circulation.

125 patients with tuberculous and posttuberculous cystitis were examined using cytological test of the aspirate from the bladder for atypical cells and histological investigation of the biopsy. Cancer of the bladder has developed in long-term chronic tuberculous or posttuberculous cystitis in 4% of the cases. The best objective method of the diagnosis was histological examination of the biopsy obtained from cancer-suspected sites of the bladder mucosa.

The validity of low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) addition to specific therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) was investigated in 2 groups of PT new cases. The study group (n = 25) received specific therapy and ultrasonic treatment (44 KHz, amplitude 2 microm to the paravertebral region and PT zones). The control group (n = 25) received specific therapy only. The response to treatment was higher in the study group. The findings support validity of low-frequency ultrasound use as an adjuvant in treatment of PT new cases.

Effectiveness was studied of low-intensity laser irradiation on regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP) in 185 patients (51 men, 134 women). The above patients were prescribed four therapeutic complexes: group I was exposed to infra-red irradiation by zones; group II--to scanning Helium-Neon laser across the portal zone and paravertebrally CIII-Th5; group III--to helium-neon laser in the area of right sinocarotid zone; group IV underwent hydrolaser shower (in red and intra-red range). Complaints were studied as were data from laboratory investigations, the condition of different bodily systems, BP level, the functional state of the cardiovascular system as per electrocardiography and rheography findings. A positive clinical effect was achieved in all the groups studied. Employment of low-intensity laser irradiation in the rehabilitation of patients with borderline hypertension during the sanatorium stage was noted to strikingly enhance the efficiency of the therapy administered. It can be prescribed to patients irrespective of their hemodynamic types. Irradiation of the right sinocarotid zone and hydrolaser therapy are indicated to patients presenting with hypo- and eukinetic types of hemodynamics and baseline sympatheticotonia.

Radioimmunoassay was employed to determine basal levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, total testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol in plasma from 52 pre- or postmenopausal women with prosopalgia consequent to cervical osteochondrosis. The measurements were made before and after laser treatment. Different from the control, basal levels of the hormones and the trends in their changes due to laser therapy depended on the patients' age and the disease stage.

Recombinant interferon treatment of donors' and bladder cancer patients' lymphocytes results in activation of natural killer cells which is in correlation with enhanced activity of 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase in them. The study of sensitivity of bladder cancer cell primary cultures showed that the cells are sensitive to various interferons virtually in all the cases observed as indicated by high synthetase activity. The baseline level of 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase in tumor cells surpassed that in natural killers from healthy donors which may be related to elevated levels of serum gamma-interferon in the above patients.

A comparative evaluation of histologic patterns of non-seminomatous testicular tumors was carried out in 2 groups of patients: those receiving platinum derivative-based preoperative chemotherapy (31) and chemotherapy-free cases (36). Preoperative cytostatic treatment potentiated cell differentiation in retroperitoneal metastases in some patients, the latter effect being considered prognostically favorable.

Stage I--II disease was identified in 71 out of 219 patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. After orchifuniculectomy, polychemotherapy was given to 30 patients while the rest underwent transperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Long-term survival in the polychemotherapy group was 83.3%, in the lymphadenectomy one--95.1%. After excision of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, the patients' follow-up should include regular assays of such tumor markers as alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin as well as X-ray examination of the chest for at least the first 24 months. Polychemotherapy should not be administered unless tumor dissemination or an increase in tumor marker levels are detected.

The writers present an analysis of the remote results of the combination therapy in 208 patients with cancer of the urinary bladder, depending on the histological form of the tumor. Radical surgery was performed in 193 patients, palliative--in 15. All types of surgical intervention were associated with radiotherapy in the pre- and postoperative period. The survival for 3 years and longer was noted in 153 patients, for 5 years and longer--in 69. Transitional-cell papilloma is characterized by the most favourable prognosis.

A clinico-morphologic study was carried out in 63 patients suffering from leukoplakia of the urinary bladder. Certain differential diagnostic characteristics of clinical course and cystoscopic pattern of the disease as well as morphologic features of squamous cell metaplasia were identified. Malignant leukoplakia was registered in 12%. Papilloma and cancer concomitant to leukoplakia were detected in 22 and 27%, respectively.

The urinary bladder leukoplakia from 42 patients was studied clinico-morphologically, histochemically and electron microscopically. This precancerous condition is observed in 58,3 cases of chronic cystitis, more frequently in females. Three successive stages of the leukoplakia development under the conditions of the inflammatory process can be distinguished: squamous-cell modulation, squamous-cell metaplasia, squamous-cell metaplasia with keratinization. The formation of fissure-like intercellular bridges and the appearance of the long dense bundles of tonofibrils in the cytoplasm are the early ultrastructural signs of squamous-cell metaplasia of the transitional epithelium which are of the differential-diagnostic importance.

The effect of combined treatment was studied in 97 patients with nonseminomatous testicular tumors with regional and distant metastases with regard to the blood serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin. The disease stage was found closely correlating with the efficacy of the treatment and the level of tumor markers. Complete remission was observed in 84.2 per cent (16 out of 19) patients with normal marker levels and in 26.8 per cent (11 out of 41) of those in whom both markers levels were raised (p less than 0.05). A continuous follow-up revealed that increased marker levels were the evidence of tumor relapse or metastases in clinically silent patients.