Author: "Claude, Adam" / Topic: adult - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Temporal pole epilepsy surgery—Sparing the hippocampus

Author: Marie-Odile Habert, Claude Adam, Stéphane Clemenceau, Bertrand Mathon, Sophie Dupont, Bastien Herlin, and Vincent Navarro
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hippocampus, Temporal lobe, Lesion, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Epilepsy surgery, Hyperkinetic seizures, Temporal pole, Seizure types, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, 030104 developmental biology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Temporal pole epilepsy (TPE) is a poorly known and difficult to individualize subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy. Consequently, in drug-resistant TPE, there is still a debate on the need for a large surgical removal of the temporal pole and mesial temporal structures or a limited resection of the temporal pole. We reviewed all patients who underwent presurgical evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsy over a 17-year period, and report here 19 patients with proven drug-resistant temporal pole epilepsy who underwent a selective temporal pole resection with respect to mesial structures. Most (15) TPE patients exhibited seizures resembling mesiotemporal seizures, whereas the others exhibited nocturnal hyperkinetic seizures or an association of both seizure types. MRI revealed a temporal pole lesion in 58% of patients. Long-term postoperative outcome after a conservative surgery was excellent: 63% of patients were seizure-free (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] 1) at 1-year postsurgery and 78% at 5 years. These results show that TPE has no specific electroclinical features but is a distinct type of temporal lobe epilepsy allowing a conservative surgery. Respecting the mesiotemporal structures is a valid surgical approach for drug-resistant temporal pole epilepsy.
Published: 2020

2. Conscious and unconscious expectancy effects: A behavioral, scalp and intracranial electroencephalography study

Author: Stéphane Clemenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Katia Lehongre, Vincent Navarro, Camille Rozier, Michel Baulac, Tal Seidel Malkinson, Claude Adam, Lionel Naccache, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de médecine [CHU Pitié Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurophysiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Adult, Male, Unconscious mind, Consciousness, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Electroencephalography, Subliminal, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Temporal attention, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Attention, EEG, Unconscious cognition, Contingent negative variation, Expectancy theory, Cerebral Cortex, Behavior, Unconscious, Psychology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Working memory, iEEG, 05 social sciences, Subliminal stimuli, Anticipation, Psychological, Brain Waves, Sensory Systems, Visual masking, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurology, Visual Perception, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cues, Psychology, Perceptual Masking, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Objective The scope of unconscious cognition stretched its limits dramatically during the last 40 years, yet most unconscious processes and representations that have been described so far are fleeting and very short-lived, whereas conscious representations can be actively maintained in working memory for a virtually unlimited period. In the present work we aimed at exploring conscious and unconscious lasting (>1 second) expectancy effects. Methods In a series of four experiments we engaged participants in the foreperiod paradigm while using both unmasked and masked cues that were informative about the presence/absence of an upcoming target. We recorded behavioral responses, high-density scalp EEG (Exp. 2a), and intra-cranial EEG (Exp. 2b). Results While conscious expectancy was associated with a large behavioral effect (~150 ms), unconscious expectancy effect was significant but much smaller (4 ms). Both conscious and unconscious expectancy Contingent Negative Variations (CNVs) originated from temporal cortices, but only the late component of conscious CNV originated from an additional source located in the vicinity of mesio-frontal areas and supplementary motor areas. Finally, only conscious expectancy was accessible to introspection. Conclusions Both unmasked and masked cues had an impact on response times and on brain activity. Significance These results support a two-stage model of the underlying mechanisms of expectancy.
Published: 2020

3. Adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficiency may manifest as isolated and treatable distinct neuro-psychiatric syndromes

Author: Claudio Salim, Stéphane Giraudier, Vincent Navarro, Stéphanie Millecamps, Marion Masingue, Yann Nadjar, Claude Adam, Ana Gales, and Laure Grosliere
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency, Encephalopathy, Metabolic disease, lcsh:Medicine, Review, 030105 genetics & heredity, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolic Diseases, Seizures, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Cognitive decline, Clinical neurology examination, Genetics (clinical), Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2), biology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Genetic disorder, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Discontinuation, Psychotic Disorders, Muscle Spasticity, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, biology.protein, Ataxia, Homocystinuria, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Gait disorders/ataxia, All epilepsy/seizures, MRI
Abstract: 5,10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is a genetic disorder that can occur at any age and can be easily detected by increased homocysteinemia. In adolescence/adult onset forms, the clinical picture is often complex with association of various neurological features and thrombosis. Here we report the cases of two adult siblings who experienced focal epilepsy at 18 years old as a first disease manifestation, without other symptom during several years. Upon diagnosis, both patients received metabolic treatment comprising B9, B12 and betaine which has stopped the occurrence of seizures, allowing discontinuation of anti-epileptic drugs. Among 24 reviewed adolescent/adult onset patients with MTHFR deficiency in the literature, clinical manifestations included gait disorder (96%, from motor central or peripheral origin), cognitive decline (74%), epileptic syndromes (50%), encephalopathy (30%), psychotic symptoms (17%), and thrombotic events (21%). A total of 41% presented a single neurological manifestation that could stay isolated during at least 3 years, delaying achievement of the diagnosis. Brain MRI showed a mostly periventricular white matter changes in 71% of cases. All patients stabilized or improved following metabolic treatment. Despite being rare, adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficiency can nevertheless be successfully treated. Therefore, homocysteinemia should be tested in various unexplained neuro-psychiatric syndromes like epilepsy or spastic paraparesis, even if isolated, since waiting for completion of the clinical picture is likely to increase the risk of irreversible neurological damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0767-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

4. Medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis is a distinctive syndrome

Author: Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Chiara Zavanone, Young Joo No, Yves Samson, Sophie Dupont, Franck Bielle, Vincent Navarro, Claude Adam, Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neuropathologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurophysiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, and Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MPR)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Neurology, Adolescent, Video Recording, Hippocampus, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Ictal, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Age of Onset, Neuroradiology, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, 05 social sciences, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, nervous system diseases, 3. Good health, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Epileptic syndromes are distinctive disorders with specific features, which when taken together, permit a specific diagnosis. There is actually a debate on that medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is an epileptic syndrome. To address this issue, we searched for discriminative semiological features between temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS patients or group 1), TLE patients with medial structural lesion other than hippocampal sclerosis or in MRI-negative cases with medial onset on further investigations (group 2) and lateral TLE patients (LTLE or group 3). We retrospectively collected data from medical and EEG-video records of 523 TLE patients, referred for surgery to the Pitié-Salpêtrière Epileptology Unit between 1991 and 2014. We identified 389 patients belonging to group 1, 61 patients belonging to group 2, and 73 patients belonging to group 3 and performed a comparative analysis of their clinical data and surgical outcomes. TLE-HS patients (group 1): (1) began epilepsy earlier (11 ± 9 vs. 20 ± 10 vs. 15 ± 9 years); (2) exhibited more frequently early febrile convulsions (FC) (59 vs 7 vs 5%); (3) presented more: ictal gestural automatisms (90 vs 54 vs 67%), dystonic posturing (47 vs 20 vs 23%), and secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) (70 vs 44% vs 48%) as compared to both groups 2 and 3 patients (all p < 0.001). With respect to auras, abdominal visceral auras were more reported by TLE-HS than by LTLE patients (49 vs 16%). Three cardinal criteria correctly classified 94% of patients into TLE-HS group: history of FC, dystonic posturing, and secondary GTCS. Postoperative outcome was significantly better in TLE-HS group than in the two other groups (p = 0.03 and 0.003). Our study demonstrates that cardinal criteria are reliably helpful to distinguish patients with TLE-HS from those with other TLE and may allow considering TLE-HS as a distinctive syndrome.
Published: 2017

5. Four core properties of the human brain valuation system demonstrated in intracranial signals

Author: Philippe Kahane, Mathilde Petton, Claude Adam, Mathias Pessiglione, Raphaëlle Abitbol, Alizée Lopez-Persem, Vincent Navarro, Julien Bastin, Philippe Domenech, Sylvain Rheims, Katia Lehongre, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (GIN), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Departement de Neurologie (HCL), Pôle de Psychiatrie [Hôpital Henri Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE37-0018,DECID,Exploration de la dynamique des circuits neuronaux durant les mécanismes de prise de décision(2017), ANR-18-CE28-0016,CausaL,Architectures cognitives de l'apprentissage causale(2018), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Automaticity, Hippocampus, Choice Behavior, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Electrocorticography, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Brain, Human brain, Middle Aged, Anticipation, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, Value (mathematics), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Estimating the value of alternative options is a key process in decision-making. Human functional magnetic resonance imaging and monkey electrophysiology studies have identified brain regions, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), composing a value system. In the present study, in an effort to bridge across species and techniques, we investigated the neural representation of value ratings in 36 people with epilepsy, using intracranial electroencephalography. We found that subjective value was positively reflected in both vmPFC and lOFC high-frequency activity, plus several other brain regions, including the hippocampus. We then demonstrated that subjective value could be decoded (1) in pre-stimulus activity, (2) for various categories of items, (3) even during a distractive task and (4) as both linear and quadratic signals (encoding both value and confidence). Thus, our findings specify key functional properties of neural value signals (anticipation, generality, automaticity, quadraticity), which might provide insights into human irrational choice behaviors.
Published: 2018

6. Probabilistic functional tractography of the human cortex revisited

Author: Thomas Blauwblomme, Martin Pail, M. Jedynak, Caroline Saubat, Pierre Deman, Luca De Palma, Sinclair Liu, Elizabeth Landre, Rodrigo Rocamora, Edouard Hirsch, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Manik Bhattacharjee, Delphine Taussig, Blandine Chanteloup-Foret, François Dubeau, Agnès Trébuchon, William Szurhaj, Stefano Francione, Viateur Tuyisenge, Luc Valton, Lena Trebaul, Louis Maillard, Gina Catalina Reyes Mejia, Anca Nica, Eeva-Liisa Metsähonkala, Ana Maria Petrescu, Antonio Valentin, Mercedes Garcés, Claude Adam, Olivier David, Haixiang Wang, Ioana Mindruta, Sylvain Rheims, Etienne Hugues, Philippe Kahane, François Tadel, David Rudrauf, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Département de mathématiques [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U1249), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Epilepsies, Lesions Cerebrales et Systemes Neuraux de la Cognition, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Computer & Information Sciences Department, Fordham University, Fordham University [New York], INSERM U836, équipe 9, Dynamique des réseaux synchrones épileptiques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'explorations neurologiques et épileptologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Centre « Claudio-Munari » pour la chirurgie de l'épilepsie et du Parkinson, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département Neurologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Neurosciences [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Maquin, Didier, Doctoral Programme in Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinicum, Lastentautien yksikkö, Children's Hospital, and HUS Children and Adolescents
Subjects: Male, MOTOR SYSTEM, Connectome/methods, Databases, Factual, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Connectivity mapping, Intracranial Electroencephalography, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Evoked Potentials/physiology, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY, Focal Epilepsies, Child, Neocortical epilepsy, Evoked Potentials, IN-VIVO, Cerebral Cortex, 05 social sciences, Cerebral Cortex/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology, Human brain, Middle Aged, HUMAN BRAIN, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology, Neurology, Cerebral cortex, Child, Preschool, Female, Cortico-cortical evoked potentials, PULSE ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION, EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY, Tractography, Adult, LANGUAGE SYSTEM, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, NEOCORTICAL EPILEPSY, 050105 experimental psychology, Electrocorticography/methods, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Young Adult, Atlases as Topic, Motor system, medicine, Connectome, Humans, Brain atlas, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Preschool, Factual, business.industry, ICTAL ONSET, 3112 Neurosciences, Probabilistic logic, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Pattern recognition, CORTICOCORTICAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, medicine.disease, Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging, Artificial intelligence, Electrocorticography, business, Intracranial electroencephalogram, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In patients with pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies investigated with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), direct electrical stimulations of a cortical region induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP) in distant cerebral cortex, which properties can be used to infer large scale brain connectivity. In 2013, we proposed a new probabilistic functional tractography methodology to study human brain connectivity. We have now been revisiting this method in the F-TRACT project (f-tract.eu) by developing a large multicenter CCEP database of several thousand stimulation runs performed in several hundred patients, and associated processing tools to create a probabilistic atlas of human cortico-cortical connections. Here, we wish to present a snapshot of the methods and data of F-TRACT using a pool of 213 epilepsy patients, all studied by stereo-encephalography with intracerebral depth electrodes. The CCEPs were processed using an automated pipeline with the following consecutive steps: detection of each stimulation run from stimulation artifacts in raw intracranial EEG (iEEG) files, bad channels detection with a machine learning approach, model-based stimulation artifact correction, robust averaging over stimulation pulses. Effective connectivity between the stimulated and recording areas is then inferred from the properties of the first CCEP component, i.e. onset and peak latency, amplitude, duration and integral of the significant part. Finally, group statistics of CCEP features are implemented for each brain parcel explored by iEEG electrodes. The localization (coordinates, white/gray matter relative positioning) of electrode contacts were obtained from imaging data (anatomical MRI or CT scans before and after electrodes implantation). The iEEG contacts were repositioned in different brain parcellations from the segmentation of patients' anatomical MRI or from templates in the MNI coordinate system. The F-TRACT database using the first pool of 213 patients provided connectivity probability values for 95% of possible intrahemispheric and 56% of interhemispheric connections and CCEP features for 78% of intrahemisheric and 14% of interhemispheric connections. In this report, we show some examples of anatomo-functional connectivity matrices, and associated directional maps. We also indicate how CCEP features, especially latencies, are related to spatial distances, and allow estimating the velocity distribution of neuronal signals at a large scale. Finally, we describe the impact on the estimated connectivity of the stimulation charge and of the contact localization according to the white or gray matter. The most relevant maps for the scientific community are available for download on f-tract. eu (David et al., 2017) and will be regularly updated during the following months with the addition of more data in the F-TRACT database. This will provide an unprecedented knowledge on the dynamical properties of large fiber tracts in human. he research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 616268 “F-TRACT”. All the computations presented in this paper were performed using the CIMENT infrastructure (https://ciment.ujf-grenoble.fr), which is supported by the Rhône-Alpes region (GRANT CPER07_13 CIRA: http://www.ci-ra.org). We thank Bruno Bzenik and Romain Cavagna for their help on the CIMENT facility, and Jean-François Mangin and Cyril Poupon from Neurospin, CEA Saclay, for providing us with the ARCHI DTI database.
Published: 2018

7. New clinicopathological associations and histoprognostic markers in ILAE types of hippocampal sclerosis

Author: Valérie Thuriès, Claude Adam, Pierre Levy, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Charles Duyckaerts, Stéphane Clemenceau, Véronique Samson, Michel Baulac, Virginie Lambrecq, Anne Bertrand, Ana Laura Calderón-Garcidueñas, Bertrand Mathon, Vincent Navarro, Sophie Dupont, Karima Mokhtari, Franck Bielle, Service de Neuropathologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Universidad Veracruzana, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Antigens, CD34, Status epilepticus, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunophenotyping, Intermediate Filament Proteins, medicine, Humans, Gliosis, Research Articles, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, biology, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Granule cell, Prognosis, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, biology.protein, Female, Neurology (clinical), NeuN, medicine.symptom, business, Corrigendum, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a heterogeneous syndrome. Surgery results in seizure freedom for most pharmacoresistant patients, but the epileptic and cognitive prognosis remains variable. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) histopathological classification of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) has fostered research to understand MTLE-HS heterogeneity. We investigated the associations between histopathological features (ILAE types, hypertrophic CA4 neurons, granule cell layer alterations, CD34 immunopositive cells) and clinical features (presurgical history, postsurgical outcome) in a monocentric series of 247 MTLE-HS patients treated by surgery. NeuN, GFAP and CD34 immunostainings and a double independent pathological examination were performed. 186 samples were type 1, 47 type 2, 7 type 3 and 7 samples were gliosis only but no neuronal loss (noHS). In the type 1, hypertrophic CA4 neurons were associated with a worse postsurgical outcome and granule cell layer duplication was associated with generalized seizures and episodes of status epilepticus. In the type 2, granule cell layer duplication was associated with generalized seizures. CD34+ stellate cells were more frequent in the type 2, type 3 and in noHS. These cells had a Nestin and SOX2 positive, immature neural immunophenotype. Patients with nodules of CD34+ cells had more frequent dysmnesic auras. CD34+ stellate cells in scarce pattern were associated with higher ratio of normal MRI and of stereo-electroencephalographic studies. CD34+ cells were associated with a trend for a better postsurgical outcome. Among CD34+ cases, we proposed a new entity of BRAF V600E positive HS and we described three hippocampal multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumours. To conclude, our data identified new clinicopathological associations with ILAE types. They showed the prognostic value of CA4 hypertrophic neurons. They highlighted CD34+ stellate cells and BRAF V600E as biomarkers to further decipher MTLE-HS heterogeneity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

8. Understanding Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: insights from focal epilepsy patients with Lennox-Gastaut features

Author: Virginie Lambrecq, Claude Adam, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Isabelle An-Gourfinkel, Vincent Navarro, Raluca Banica-Wolters, and Sophie Dupont
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Refractory seizures, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Neurology, Video Recording, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, medicine, Humans, Lennox gastaut, Ictal, Neuroradiology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Lennox Gastaut Syndrome, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: To delineate the clinical and EEG features of adults with focal epilepsy associated with a generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) pattern on EEG who developed refractory seizures, notably drop attacks, but do not fulfill the classical triad for the diagnosis of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and provide further insight into LGS mechanisms. Among 957 patients admitted to video-EEG monitoring between 2002 and 2015, we retrospectively research adult patients with refractory focal epilepsy, drop attacks and GPFA on EEG. We collected demographic, anamnestic, and clinical data from medical records. We reviewed for all patients the interictal and ictal video-EEG recordings. We identified ten patients with focal epilepsy and electro-clinical features of LGS. As compared to classical LGS patients, our patients: (1) began epilepsy later (15.4 ± 8 years); (2) exhibited exclusively focal onset seizures, including drop attacks seizures linked to focal asymmetrical tonic posturing seizures; (3) had a stable cognition over time and (4) evolved favourably with a good secondary response to treatments in 80% of cases. Interestingly, all patients exhibited apparent diffuse interictal and ictal EEG abnormalities but a detailed analysis revealed that 50% had asymmetrical GPFA and 70% secondary bilateral synchrony processes. We may hypothesize here that a process of “secondary LGS” occurred which produced a worsening of seizures with the apparition of drop attacks and GPFA on EEG. This study brings arguments to consider that some cases of LGS could be linked to the development of a “secondary epileptic network” driven by a primary focal epileptic zone.
Published: 2017

9. Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis

Author: Stéphane Clemenceau, Anne Bertrand, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Sophie Dupont, Franck Bielle, Ana Laura Calderón-Garcidueñas, Bertrand Mathon, Michel Baulac, Alexandre Carpentier, Vincent Navarro, Odile Plaisant, Philippe Cornu, Charles Duyckaerts, Séverine Samson, Virginie Lambrecq, Richard B. Miles, Claude Adam, Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay ( IBITECS ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale et Radiobiologie ( LBSR ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain ( ARAMIS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute ( ICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Service de neuroradiologie diagnostique et fonctionnelle [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (IBITECS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale et Radiobiologie (LBSR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Inria de Paris, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neuropathology, Status epilepticus, Hippocampus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychiatric history, Postoperative Complications, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Epilepsy surgery, Longitudinal Studies, Anterior temporal lobectomy, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Cognition, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Anterior Temporal Lobectomy, 3. Good health, Surgery, nervous system diseases, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE:The reasons for failure of surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) remain unclear. This retrospective study analyzed seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes, searching for factors associated with seizure relapse or cognitive and psychiatric deterioration after MTLE-HS surgery.METHODS:Seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes were reviewed after 389 surgeries performed between 1990 and 2015 on patients aged 15-67 years at a tertiary center. Three surgical approaches were used: anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL; n = 209), transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH; n = 144), and transsylvian SAH (n = 36).RESULTS:With an average follow-up of 8.7 years (range = 1.0-25.2), seizure outcome was classified as Engel I in 83.7% and Engel Ia in 57.1% of patients. The histological classification of HS was type 1 for 75.3% of patients, type 2 for 18.7%, and type 3 for 1.2%. Two factors were significantly associated with seizure recurrence: past history of status epilepticus and preoperative intracranial electroencephalographic recording. In contrast, neither HS type, the presence of a dual pathology, nor surgical approach was associated with seizure outcome. Risk of cognitive impairment was 3.12 (95% confidence interval = 1.27-7.70), greater in patients after ATL than in patients after transcortical SAH. A presurgical psychiatric history and postoperative cognitive impairment were associated with poor psychiatric outcome.SIGNIFICANCE:The SAH and ATL approaches have similar beneficial effects on seizure control, whereas transcortical SAH tends to minimize cognitive deterioration after surgery. Variation in postsurgical outcome with the class of HS should be investigated further.
Published: 2017

10. Local entrainment of oscillatory activity induced by direct brain stimulation in humans

Author: Antoni Valero-Cabré, Julià L. Amengual, Claude Adam, Marine Vernet, HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UOC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, direct brain stimulation, Deep brain stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Direct brain stimulation, Stimulation, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhythm, neural oscillation, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Evoked Potentials, Cerebro -- Estimulación, Multidisciplinary, epilèpsia, Brain, Cervell -- Estimulació, estimulació cerebral directa, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, estimulación cerebral directa, Brain stimulation, Neural oscillation, epilepsy, Female, oscilación neural, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], oscil·lació neural, Entrainment (chronobiology), epilepsia, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In a quest for direct evidence of oscillation entrainment, we analyzed intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings obtained during intracranial electrical stimulation in a cohort of three medication-resistant epilepsy patients tested pre-surgically. Spectral analyses of non-epileptogenic cerebral sites stimulated directly with high frequency electrical bursts yielded episodic local enhancements of frequency-specific rhythmic activity, phase-locked to each individual pulse. These outcomes reveal an entrainment of physiological oscillatory activity within a frequency band dictated by the rhythm of the stimulation source. Our results support future uses of rhythmic stimulation to elucidate the causal contributions of synchrony to specific aspects of human cognition and to further develop the therapeutic manipulation of dysfunctional rhythmic activity subtending the symptoms of some neuropsychiatric conditions. En una búsqueda de evidencia directa de arrastre de oscilación, se analizaron los registros electroencefalográficos intracerebrales obtenidos durante la estimulación eléctrica intracraneal en una cohorte de tres pacientes epilépticos resistentes a la medicación probados prequirúrgicamente. Los análisis espectrales de puntos cerebrales no epileptógenos estimulados directamente con ráfagas eléctricas de alta frecuencia produjeron mejoras episódicas locales de la actividad rítmica específica de frecuencia, bloqueada de fase a cada impulso individual. Estos resultados revelan un arrastre de la actividad oscilatoria fisiológica dentro de una banda de frecuencia dictada por el ritmo de la fuente de estimulación. Nuestros resultados apoyan los usos futuros de la estimulación rítmica para dilucidar las contribuciones causales de la sincronía a aspectos específicos de la cognición humana y para desarrollar aún más la manipulación terapéutica de la actividad rítmica disfuncional que subtiende los síntomas de algunas afecciones neuropsiquiátricas. En una recerca d'evidència directa d'arrossegament d'oscil·lació, es van analitzar els registres electroencefalogràfics intracerebrals obtinguts durant l'estimulació elèctrica intracranial en una cohort de tres pacients epilèptics resistents a la medicació provats prequirúrgicament. Les anàlisis espectrals de punts cerebrals no epileptògens estimulats directament amb ràfegues elèctriques d'alta freqüència van produir millores episòdiques locals de l'activitat rítmica específica de freqüència, bloquejada de fase a cada impuls individual. Aquests resultats revelen un arrossegament de l'activitat oscil·latòria fisiològica dins d'una banda de freqüència dictada pel ritme de la font d'estimulació. Els nostres resultats recolzen els usos futurs de l'estimulació rítmica per dilucidar les contribucions causals de la sincronia a aspectes específics de la cognició humana i per desenvolupar encara més la manipulació terapèutica de l'activitat rítmica disfuncional que subtendeix els símptomes d'algunes afeccions neuropsiquiàtriques.
Published: 2017

11. Event-Related Potential, Time-frequency, and Functional Connectivity Facets of Local and Global Auditory Novelty Processing: An Intracranial Study in Humans

Author: Lionel Naccache, Stanislas Dehaene, Imen El Karoui, Dominique Hasboun, Laurent D. Cohen, Vincent Navarro, Michel Baulac, Simon van Gaal, Jean-Rémi King, Jacobo D. Sitt, Claude Adam, Florent Meyniel, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Video Recording, Mismatch negativity, Electroencephalography, Auditory cortex, Novelty detection, Brain mapping, Article, Young Adult, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, P3a, Event-related potential, Neural Pathways, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Humans, Evoked Potentials, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, Novelty, Brain, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Middle Aged, Acoustic Stimulation, Face, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Auditory Perception, Female, Psychology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation
Abstract: International audience; Auditory novelty detection has been associated with different cognitive processes. Bekinschtein et al. (2009) developed an experimental paradigm to dissociate these processes, using local and global novelty, which were associated, respectively, with automatic versus strategic perceptual processing. They have mostly been studied using event-related potentials (ERPs), but local spiking activity as indexed by gamma (60-120 Hz) power and interactions between brain regions as indexed by modulations in beta-band (13-25 Hz) power and functional connectivity have not been explored. We thus recorded 9 epileptic patients with intracranial electrodes to compare the precise dynamics of the responses to local and global novelty. Local novelty triggered an early response observed as an intracranial mismatch negativity (MMN) contemporary with a strong power increase in the gamma band and an increase in connectivity in the beta band. Importantly, all these responses were strictly confined to the temporal auditory cortex. In contrast, global novelty gave rise to a late ERP response distributed across brain areas, contemporary with a sustained power decrease in the beta band (13-25 Hz) and an increase in connectivity in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) within the frontal lobe. We discuss these multi-facet signatures in terms of conscious access to perceptual information.
Published: 2014

12. Voluntary control of intracortical oscillations for reconfiguration of network activity

Author: Katia Lehongre, Hayat Belaid, Juliana Corlier, Claude Adam, Michel Baulac, Miguel Navarrete, Mario Valderrama, Stéphane Charpier, Dominique Hasboun, Michel Le Van Quyen, Stéphane Clemenceau, Vincent Navarro, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Centre de référence des épilepsies rares [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Nerve net, Computer science, Models, Neurological, Action Potentials, Electroencephalography, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Learning, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Control (linguistics), Simulation, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Control reconfiguration, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Brain Waves, Network activity, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral cortex, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Nerve Net, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Voluntary control of oscillatory activity represents a key target in the self-regulation of brain function. Using a real-time closed-loop paradigm and simultaneous macro- and micro-electrode recordings, we studied the effects of self-induced intracortical oscillatory activity (4–8 Hz) in seven neurosurgical patients. Subjects learned to robustly and specifically induce oscillations in the target frequency, confirmed by increased oscillatory event density. We have found that the session-to-session variability in performance was explained by the functional long-range decoupling of the target area suggesting a training-induced network reorganization. Downstream effects on more local activities included progressive cross-frequency-coupling with gamma oscillations (30–120 Hz), and the dynamic modulation of neuronal firing rates and spike timing, indicating an improved temporal coordination of local circuits. These findings suggest that effects of voluntary control of intracortical oscillations can be exploited to specifically target plasticity processes to reconfigure network activity, with a particular relevance for memory function or skill acquisition.
Published: 2016

13. 4h versus 1h-nap-video-EEG monitoring in an Epileptology Unit

Author: Ovidio Solano, Lionel Naccache, Vincent Navarro, Michel Baulac, Vera Dinkelacker, Sophie Dupont, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Emmanuel Fournier, Claude Adam, Virginie Lambrecq, and Pierre-P. Levy
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Video Recording, Status epilepticus, Electroencephalography, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, medicine, Psychogenic disease, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Ictal, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, Nap, Neurology, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Objective To compare the performance of 4h-video EEG monitoring (VEEG) and 1h-nap-VEEG in an Epileptology Unit. Methods We examined short-term VEEG data from 196 patients admitted to characterize their: (i) clinical events; (ii) epileptic syndromes or (iii) state after status epilepticus or surgery. We compared the 4h-VEEG and 1h-nap-VEEG performances using three measures: (i) the capability to detect epileptic seizures (ES), psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), interictal epileptiform abnormalities (IEA) and sleep-related IEA; (ii) the usefulness to answer questions on referral; (iii) the sensitivity for the final diagnosis. Results The 4h-VEEG test recorded clinical events in 53.6% of 196 patients, IEA in 41.3%, sleep-related IEA in 34.7%, and was judged as useful in 66.8%. The 4h-VEEG was compared to the 1h-nap-VEEG in 129 patients. 4h-VEEG had a better capability to record clinical events (50.3% vs. 6.2%, p usefulness (63.5% vs . 37.2%, p sensitivity for both ES (69.3% vs. 49.3%, p =0.0035) and PNES (61.3% vs. 15.4%, p =0.0014) than nap-EEG. Conclusions This work found 4h-VEEG records were superior to the 1h-nap-VEEG test on the basis of three complementary measures, capability, usefulness and sensitivity. Significance 4h-VEEG is a useful alternative investigation tool in an Epileptology Unit.
Published: 2016

14. Safety profile of intracranial electrode implantation for video-EEG recordings in drug-resistant focal epilepsy

Author: Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Vincent Navarro, Philippe Cornu, Virginie Lambrecq, Claude Adam, Michel Baulac, Marie-Odile Habert, Dominique Hasboun, Bertrand Mathon, Hayat Belaid, Stéphane Clemenceau, Sophie Dupont, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratory of Physics of Materials and Nanomaterials Applied at Environment (LaPhyMNE), Université de Gabès, Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Neurology, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Electroencephalography, Neurosurgical Procedures, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Epilepsy surgery, Young adult, Adverse effect, Neuroradiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Surgery, Electrodes, Implanted, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Invasive electroencephalography recordings with depth or subdural electrodes are necessary to identify the ictogenic area in some drug-resistant focal epilepsies. We aimed to analyze the safety profile of intracranial electrode implantation in a tertiary center and the factors associated with its complications. We retrospectively examined complications in 163 intracranial procedures performed in adult patients. Implantation methods included oblique depth stereotactic approach (n = 128) and medial-temporal depth stereotactic approach in combination with subdural strip placement (n = 35). 1201 depth macroelectrodes, 59 bundles of microelectrodes (in 30 patients) and 148 subdural electrodes were implanted. Complications were classified as major (requiring treatment or leading to neurological impairment) or minor. The rate of overall complications was 4.9 % (n = 8), with 3.1 % (n = 5) of major complications, though no permanent morbidity or mortality was recorded. Infection occurred in 1.2 % and hemorrhage in 3.7 % of patients. One hemorrhage occurred for every 225 electrodes implanted (4.4 ‰). Microelectrodes were not responsible for any complications. Overall and hemorrhagic complications were significantly associated with MRI-negative cases (7.3 and 6.3 % versus 0 %, p = 0.04). We believe that intracranial electrode implantation has a favorable safety profile, without permanent deficit. These risks should be balanced with the benefits of invasive exploration prior to surgery. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary evidence regarding the safety of micro-macroelectrodes.
Published: 2015

15. Lateralizing value of semiology in medial temporal lobe epilepsy

Author: V-H Nguyen-Michel, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Chiara Zavanone, Yves Samson, Sophie Dupont, Vincent Navarro, Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Colliot, Olivier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Eye Movements, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Hippocampus, Lateralization of brain function, Functional Laterality, Neurosurgical Procedures, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, Young Adult, Hypokinesia, Seizures, medicine, Aphasia, Humans, Ictal, Age of Onset, Child, Retrospective Studies, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Semiology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Clonus, Dystonia, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Anesthesia, Head Movements, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract: International audience; Analysing the clinical characteristics of seizures constitutes a fundamental aspect of the presurgical evaluation of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), the most frequent form of focal epilepsy accessible to surgery. We sought to retrospectively determine whether objective manifestations could have a reliable lateralizing value in a large population of MTLE-HS patients and if their presence could help to identify those patients who would be seizure free after surgery. We analysed the frequency and predictive lateralizing value of objective ictal and postictal signs in 391 patients with MTLE-HS (183 left/208 right). Data were derived from chart review and not from blinded videoEEG analysis. Correlation between the presence of reliable lateralizing signs and postoperative outcome was performed in a subgroup of 302 patients who underwent surgery. Contralateral dystonic posturing was the most frequent and reliable lateralizing sign that correctly lateralized the focus in 96% of patients. Unilateral head/eye deviation was noted in 42% of the patients and predicted unilateral focus in 67%. Ipsilateral postictal nose wiping, contralateral clonus and hypokinesia correctly lateralized the focus in 75%, 81%, respectively, and 100 of patients but were less frequently depicted. Postictal aphasia was a strong lateralizing sign for left MLE-HS. The presence of reliable lateralizing signs was not a predictor of seizure freedom. Seizure semiology is a simple tool that may permit reliable lateralization of the seizure focus in MTLE-HS. The presence of reliable lateralizing signs is not associated with a better postoperative outcome.
Published: 2015

16. Frequency flows and the time-frequency dynamics of multivariate phase synchronization in brain signals

Author: Diego Cosmelli, Christopher K. Kovach, Jacques Martinerie, David Rudrauf, Mario Chavez, Abdel Douiri, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Michel Le Van Quyen, Bernard Renault, and Claude Adam
Subjects: Adult, Male, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, Vision Disparity, Computer science, Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe, Cognitive Neuroscience, Models, Neurological, Phase (waves), Instantaneous phase, Synchronization, Control theory, Oscillometry, Humans, Computer Simulation, Statistical physics, Cortical Synchronization, Dominance, Cerebral, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Brain Mapping, Continuous phase modulation, Fourier Analysis, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, SIGNAL (programming language), Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Phase synchronization, Frontal Lobe, Time–frequency analysis, Complex dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Neurology, Multivariate Analysis, Nerve Net, Algorithms
Abstract: The quantification of phase synchrony between brain signals is of crucial importance for the study of large-scale interactions in the brain. Current methods are based on the estimation of the stability of the phase difference between pairs of signals over a time window, within successive frequency bands. This paper introduces a new approach to study the dynamics of brain synchronies, Frequency Flows Analysis (FFA). It allows direct tracking and characterization of the nonstationary time-frequency dynamics of phase synchrony among groups of signals. It is based on the use of the one-to-one relationship between frequency locking and phase synchrony, which applies when the concept of phase synchrony is not taken in an extended 'statistical' sense of a bias in the distribution of phase differences, but in the sense of a continuous phase difference conservation during a short period of time. In such a case, phase synchrony implies identical instantaneous frequencies among synchronized signals, with possible time varying frequencies of synchronization. In this framework, synchronous groups of signals or neural assemblies can be identified as belonging to common frequency flows, and the problem of studying synchronization becomes the problem of tracking frequency flows. We use the ridges of the analytic wavelet transforms of the signals of interest in order to estimate maps of instantaneous frequencies and reveal sustained periods of common instantaneous frequency among groups of signal. FFA is shown to track complex dynamics of synchrony in coupled oscillator models, reveal the time-frequency and spatial dynamics of synchrony convergence and divergence in epileptic seizures, and in MEG data the large-scale ongoing dynamics of synchrony correlated with conscious perception during binocular rivalry.
Published: 2006

17. Are auras a reliable clinical indicator in medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis?

Author: Stéphane Clemenceau, Yves Samson, Michel Baulac, Richard B. Miles, Sophie Dupont, Claude Adam, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Chiara Zavanone, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Aura, partial seizures, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Hippocampus, Temporal lobe, Somatosensory auras, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, aura, Internal medicine, medicine, Postoperative outcome, Humans, video-telemetry, Child, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, business.industry, temporal lobe epilepsy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Experiential auras, Sensation Disorders, epilepsy, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Statistical correlation, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Background and purpose : Medial temporal lobe epilepsy with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is the most frequent form of surgical temporal lobe epilepsy. In this study, it was aimed to determine whether different types of aura represent a cardinal and characteristic feature of MTLE-HS and might provide a diagnostic complement to help identify patients who will be seizure-free after surgery.Methods : All types of auras and associations of auras reported by 400 MTLE-HS patients referred for surgery were retrospectively collected and their statistical correlation with the postoperative outcome was examined in a subgroup of 305 patients who underwent surgery.Results : A total of 876 auras were collected, classified into 12 categories. Globally, MTLE-HS patients reported widely variable auras and groupings of auras. Most common were autonomic and abdominal visceral auras, followed by psychoaffective and experiential auras; less common, but seen in 10%–15% of patients, were non-specific auras, somatosensory auras and visual auras, and least common, reported by less than 10% of patients, were auditory, gustatory, vestibular, olfactory and intellectual auras. No auras were reported in 10% of patients. 65% of patients experienced more than one type of aura (two to seven). No specific groupings of aura type were apparent. No evidence was found for correlation between postoperative outcome and (i) any category of aura, (ii) the number of categories of aura per patient and (iii) any association of categories of auras.Conclusion : Auras and association of auras vary widely in MTLE-HS and provide no useful insight into surgical outcome.
Published: 2014

18. Intracranial markers of emotional valence processing and judgments in music

Author: Claude Adam, Delphine Dellacherie, Dominique Hasboun, Séverine Samson, Sylvain Clément, Diana Omigie, Michel Baulac, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Consonant, Adult, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, Emotions, Prefrontal Cortex, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Sensory system, Emotional valence, Stimulus (physiology), Intracranial Electroencephalography, Amygdala, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Judgment, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 05 social sciences, Consonance and dissonance, Middle Aged, humanities, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Psychological, Orbitofrontal cortex, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Music, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; The involvement of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in the processing of valenced stimuli is well established. However, less is known about the extent to which activity in these regions reflects a stimulus' physical properties, the individual subjective experience it evokes, or both. We recorded cortical electrical activity from five epileptic patients implanted with depth electrodes for presurgical evaluation while they rated "consonant" and "dissonant" musical chords using a "pleasantness" scale. We compared the pattern of responses in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex when trials were sorted by pleasantness judgments relative to when they were sorted by the acoustic properties known to influence emotional reactions to musical chords. This revealed earlier differential activity in the amygdala in the physical properties-based, relative to in the judgment-based, analyses. Thus, our results demonstrate that the amygdala has, first and foremost, a high initial sensitivity to the physical properties of valenced stimuli. The finding that differentiations in the amygdala based on pleasantness ratings had a longer latency suggests that in this structure, mediation of emotional judgment follows accumulation of sensory information. This is in contrast to the orbitofrontal cortex where sensitivity to sensory information did not precede differentiation based on affective judgments.
Published: 2014

19. An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical Valence Processing

Author: Dominique Hasboun, Delphine Dellacherie, Sylvain Clément, Séverine Samson, Michel Baulac, Diana Omigie, Claude Adam, Nathalie George, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Cognitive Neuroscience, Auditory area, Prefrontal Cortex, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Sensory system, consonance, Stimulus (physiology), Auditory cortex, Amygdala, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, granger, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Theta Rhythm, Valence (psychology), Auditory Cortex, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, Fourier Analysis, depth electrodes, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, 05 social sciences, Electroencephalography, amygdala, Intracranial eeg, Alpha Rhythm, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Perception, erps, Female, Orbitofrontal cortex, Psychology, Neuroscience, Music, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: The processing of valence is known to recruit the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and relevant sensory areas. However, howthese regions interact remains unclear. We recorded cortical electrical activity from 7 epileptic patients implanted with depth electrodes for presurgical evaluation while they listened to positively and negatively valenced musical chords. Time-frequency analysis suggested a specific role of the orbitofrontal cortex in the processing of positively valenced stimuli while, most importantly, Granger causality analysis revealed that the amygdala tends to drive both the orbitofrontal cortex and the auditory cortex in theta and alpha frequency bands, during the processing of valenced stimuli. Results from the current study show the amygdala to be a critical hub in the emotion processing network: specifically one that influences not only the higher order areas involved in the evaluation of a stimulus's emotional value but also the sensory cortical areas involved in the processing of its low-level acoustic features. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

20. Postictal Aphasia and Paresis: A Clinical and Intracerebral EEG Study

Author: Claude Adam, Isabelle Rouleau, Jean-Marc Saint-Hilaire, and Christine Adam
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Electrodiagnosis, Developmental psychology, Aphasia, medicine, Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies, Paresis, Gynecology, Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, Follow up studies, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Predictive value, Neurology, Motor Skills, Female, Intracerebral EEG, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background:We examined the lateralizing value of postictal language and motor deficits and studied their underlying mechanisms.Patients and methods:The total sample consisted of 35 patients (26 temporals, 8 frontals, 1 parietal) with a good postsurgical outcome (Engel's class I and II). Postictal examination was blindly reviewed on videotapes. In 15 cases (29 seizures), postictal language manifestations were analyzed in relation with the diffusion of the epileptic discharge recorded by intracerebral EEG. Language dominance was determined by the intracarotid amobarbital test.Results:Postictal aphasia was observed only when (1) seizure originated in the dominant hemisphere and (2) ictal activity spread to language areas (Wernicke and/or Broca areas). When the epileptic focus was in the nondominant hemisphere, no postictal aphasia was observed even if there was secondary generalization of ictal activity affecting the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Postictal motor deficits also had a strong lateralizing value even when seizures were secondarily generalized.Conclusion:Postictal aphasia in temporal epilepsies and postictal motor deficits in temporal and extra temporal epilepsies provided excellent lateralizing information. Postictal deficits appear to be the result of inhibitory mechanisms induced by previous ictal activity of the structures related to these functions.
Published: 2000

21. Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence?

Author: B. Bazin, M.-C. Picot, D. Broglin, Franck Semah, D. Cavalcanti, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Michel Baulac, and Claude Adam
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Prognostic factor, Adolescent, Complex partial seizures, Epilepsy, Recurrence, medicine, Humans, Medical diagnosis, Intensive care medicine, Psychiatry, Partial classification, business.industry, Follow up studies, Brain, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Databases as Topic, Multivariate Analysis, Etiology, Female, Epilepsies, Partial, Neurology (clinical), business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: We investigated the prognostic value of the type of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes for seizure recurrence. In patients with partial epilepsy, we focused on the prognostic value of any structural brain abnormality and of the location of the epileptogenic region.A total of 2,200 adult outpatients were included in a hospital-based observational survey, with a follow-up of 1 to 7 years. Twenty-two percent of the patients exhibited generalized epilepsy, 62% partial epilepsy, and 16% undetermined epilepsy.Seizure control (1 year without seizure) was achieved in 82% of patients who had idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 35% of those with symptomatic partial epilepsy, 45% of those with cryptogenic partial epilepsy, and 11% of those with partial epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was the most refractory partial epilepsy, with only 20% of such patients remaining seizure free, compared with 36% of extra-TLE patients. In partial epilepsy, HS, cerebral dysgenesis, and dual pathology (HS and another lesion) were associated with a low rate of seizure-free patients (11%, 24%, and 3%, respectively). No significant difference in seizure control was found between patients with extra-TLE and those with TLE and no HS.In adults, partial epilepsy is more difficult to treat than idiopathic generalized epilepsy. In patients who have partial epilepsy, the location of the epileptogenic zone does not seem to be a determining factor. Brain abnormalities--especially HS, either alone or associated with another lesion--are a major prognostic factor.
Published: 1998

22. Dipole modelling and intracranial EEG recording: Correlation between dipole and ictal onset zone

Author: Paul Boon, L. Calliauw, J. De Reuck, E Achten, Claude Adam, Michel Baulac, Stéphane Clemenceau, T Vandekerckhove, Lutgard Goossens, and M. D'Havé
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Models, Neurological, Electroencephalography, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, Epilepsy, Complex Partial, Neuroimaging, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Epilepsy surgery, Neuroradiology, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dipole, Anesthesia, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: This study includes 11 patients (3 males, 8 females) with mean age of 29 years (range: 15-42 years) who underwent a presurgical evaluation for refractory complex partial seizures (CPS). In all patients, neuroimaging (1.5 T optimum-MR) demonstrated intracranial structural abnormalities (space-occupying: n = 2; atrophic: n = 8; dysplastic: n = 1) and video-EEG monitoring showed CPS, because of discrepancies in the non-invasive examinations, all underwent additional intracranial EEG monitoring. After tailored resective procedures, all but one patient became seizure free. Mean follow-up was 30 months (range: 12-52 months). Results of intracranial EEG recording were compared with spatiotemporal dipole mapping of interictal and ictal epileptic discharges. Interictal dipole modelling revealed two distinct dipole patterns. Patients with lesions located in the medial temporal lobe uniformly presented a combined dipole that consisted of a radial and a tangential component with a high degree of elevation relative to the axial plane. Patients with extrahippocampal lesions had a less stable dipole with a predominant radial component. Dipole modelling of early ictal discharges revealed a striking correspondence with the interictal findings in individual patients. Elevation of ictal dipoles was always congruent with localisation based on intracranial EEG recordings. Interictal and ictal dipole mapping of medial temporal lobe sources may limit the number of surgical candidates for refractory CPS that need intracranial EEG recording. Whether ictal dipole modelling can be equally useful in extratemporal epilepsy remains to be proven.
Published: 1997

23. Temporal patterns in human epileptic activity are modulated by perceptual discriminations

Author: Jacques Martinerie, Michel Baulac, Bernard Renault, Francisco J. Varela, Le Van Quyen M, Claude Adam, and Jean-Philippe Lachaux
Subjects: Adult, Male, General Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.disease, Temporal Lobe, Epileptic activity, Surrogate data, Epileptic discharge, Epilepsy, Discrimination, Psychological, Epilepsy, Complex Partial, Perception, Modulation (music), Auditory Perception, Visual Perception, medicine, Humans, Coherence (signal processing), Psychology, Neuroscience, media_common
Abstract: We studied subdural recordings from a patient with an unusually focal and stable occipito-temporal epileptic discharge under four experimental conditions. The series of time intervals between successive spike discharges displayed a few (3-5) clusters of periodic values representing statistically significant short-term periodicities when tested against surrogate data. This short-term predictability was modulated during the different experimental conditions by periodicity shifts of the order of 15-30 ms. Correspondingly, there was an increased gamma-band (30-70 Hz) coherence between the epileptic focus and surrounding recording sites. We conclude that the focal epileptic activity is part of an extended network of neural activities which exert a fast modulation reflected in changes of transiently periodic activities.
Published: 1997

24. Dipole Modeling in Epilepsy Surgery Candidates

Author: Michel Baulac, M. D'Havé, Claude Adam, Paul Boon, T Vandekerckhove, J. De Reuck, and Kristl Vonck
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Electroencephalography, Hippocampus, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, Epilepsy, Complex Partial, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Humans, Medicine, Ictal, Epilepsy surgery, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Videotape Recording, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrodes, Implanted, nervous system diseases, Dipole, Neurology, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Occipital lobe, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Summary: Purpose: The validity and clinical significance of dipole modeling in epilepsy surgery candidates is not fully established. Patients and Methods: Interictal and ictal dipole modeling was performed in 43 patients with refractory complex partial seizures (CPS) and intracranial structural abnormalities demonstrated with optimum magnetic resonance imaging (MRI: space–occupying, n = 15; atrophic, n = 26; dysplastic, n = 2). Video–EEG monitoring showed CPS in all patients. In 12 patients, additional intracranial EEG monitoring demonstrated hippocampal seizure onset in 11 patients and medial occipital ictal onset in 1. Results: Spatiotemporal dipole mapping of averaged interictal spikes and epochs of early ictal discharges revealed two distinct dipole patterns. Patients with lesions located in the medial (± lateral) temporal lobe (n = 34) and medial occipital lobe (n = 1) uniformly presented a combined interictal dipole that consisted of a radial and a tangential component with a high degree of elevation relative to the axial plane. Eight of 9 patients with extratemporal lesions had a less stable dipole with a predominant radial component. Ictal dipole modeling identified the ictal onset zone correctly as compared with intracranial EEG recordings from bilateral hippocampal depth electrodes. Ictal dipoles showed a striking correspondence with the interictal dipoles in individual patients. Conclusions: Interictal and ictal dipole mapping provided additional, reliable, and relevant localizing information in surgical candidates for refractory CPS. Ictal dipole analysis may limit the number of patients who require intracranial electrodes.
Published: 1997

25. Slow modulations of high-frequency activity (40-140-Hz) discriminate preictal changes in human focal epilepsy

Author: Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Francisco Sales, M. Le Van Quyen, António Dourado, Cesar Teixeira, A Fouad-Ahmed, Mario Valderrama, Stéphane Charpier, Catalina Alvarado-Rojas, Hinnerk Feldwisch-Drentrup, Vincent Navarro, Claude Adam, Matthias Ihle, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Department of Geosciences [Blacksburg], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Brain waves, Electroencephalography, Audiology, Article, Epilepsy, Young Adult, Eeg data, MESH: Child, MESH: Electroencephalography, Medicine, Humans, Ictal, Psychiatry, Child, Partial epilepsy, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Brain Waves, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Brain Waves, MESH: Male, Prediction algorithms, MESH: Epilepsies, Partial, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Epilepsies, Partial, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that some seizures are preceded by preictal changes that start from minutes to hours before an ictal event. Nevertheless an adequate statistical evaluation in a large database of continuous multiday recordings is still missing. Here, we investigated the existence of preictal changes in long-term intracranial recordings from 53 patients with intractable partial epilepsy (in total 531 days and 558 clinical seizures). We describe a measure of brain excitability based on the slow modulation of high-frequency gamma activities (40–140 Hz) in ensembles of intracranial contacts. In prospective tests, we found that this index identified preictal changes at levels above chance in 13.2% of the patients (7/53), suggesting that results may be significant for the whole group (p < 0.05). These results provide a demonstration that preictal states can be detected prospectively from EEG data. They advance understanding of the network dynamics leading to seizure and may help develop novel seizure prediction algorithms.
Published: 2013

26. Characterization of seizure-induced syncopes: EEG, ECG, and clinical features

Author: Vincent Navarro, Sophie Dupont, Vi-Huong Nguyen-Michel, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Yasmina Boudali, Vera Dinkelacker, Phintip Pichit, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Colliot, Olivier
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Monitoring, Physiologic, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, MESH: Heart Rate, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Heart, Middle Aged, MESH: Seizures, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, Anesthesia, Hypertonia, Female, medicine.symptom, Adult, Myoclonic Jerk, Syncope, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Young Adult, Seizures, Heart rate, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Asystole, Monitoring, Physiologic, Retrospective Studies, Ictal bradycardia, MESH: Humans, business.industry, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Electrocardiography, MESH: Heart, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Syncope, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Ictal bradycardia and ictal asystole (IA) are rare but severe complications of epileptic seizures. They are difficult to recognize within a seizure and their consequences remain unclear. Herein we aimed to extend the description of electrical and clinical features of seizures with IA and/or syncope. Among 828 patients with epilepsy who were admitted for presurgical video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring evaluation between 2003 and 2012, we selected those presenting IA and/or syncope. We studied the electroclinical sequence of these manifestations and their correlation with electrocardiogram (ECG), and we compared seizures with or without IA among the same patients. Nine (1.08%) of 828 patients (four men, mean age 43 ± 6 years) showed IA. Six patients had temporal lobe epilepsy and the others had frontal, temporooccipital, or occipital epilepsy, demonstrated by intracranial EEG in two. In these patients, 59 of 103 recorded seizures induced a reduction of heart rate (HR), leading to IA in 26. IAs were mostly (80%) symptomatic, whereas ictal HR decreases alone were not. In seizures with IA, we identified usual ictal symptoms, and then symptoms related primarily to cerebral hypoperfusion (pallor, atonia, early myoclonic jerks, loss of consciousness, hypertonia, and fall) and secondarily to cerebral reperfusion (skin flushing, late myoclonic jerks). At 32 ± 18 s after the onset of the seizure, the HR decreased progressively during 11 ± 6 s, reaching a sinusal pause for 13 ± 7 s. The duration of the IA was strongly correlated with electroclinical consequences. IA was longer in patients with atonia (14.8 ± 7 vs. 5.7 ± 3 s), late myoclonic jerks (15.8 ± 7 vs. 8 ± 6 s), hypertonia (19 ± 4.5 vs. 8.3 ± 5 s), and EEG hypoperfusion changes (16 ± 5.6 vs. 6.9 ± 5.5 s). IA may induce a fall during atonia or hypertonia. Surface and intracerebral EEG recordings showed that ictal HR decrease and IA often occurred when seizure activity became bilateral. Finally, we identified one patient with ictal syncopes but without IA, presumably related to vasoplegia. We provide a more complete description of the electroclinical features of seizures with IA, of the mechanism of falls, and distinguish between hypoperfusion and reperfusion symptoms of syncope. Identification of the mechanisms of syncope may improve management of patients with epilepsy. A pacemaker can be proposed, when parasympathetic activation provokes a negative chronotropic effect that leads to asystole. It is less likely to be useful when vasoplegic effects predominate.
Published: 2013

27. Variability of presentation in medial temporal lobe epilepsy: a study of 30 operated cases

Author: F. Semah, Yves Samson, Dominique Hasboun, N Aboujaoude, Claude Adam, Stéphane Clemenceau, Séverine Samson, and Michel Baulac
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Electroencephalography, Temporal lobe, Central nervous system disease, Epilepsy, Neuroimaging, medicine, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Hippocampal sclerosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Neuropsychology, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Psychology
Abstract: Introduction - To evaluate the homogeneity of patients operated on for MTLE. Material and methods - 30 consecutive patients prospectively investigated with clinical, EEG, neuropsychology, MRI, FDG-PET criteria and eventually intracranial EEG, who underwent antero-medial temporal resection (follow-up : 24 months). Results - Clear and well-lateralised MTLE was non-invasively ascertained in 22 patients (73%). Eight patients (27%) had a less pure presentation due to divergent scalp EEG features (bitemporal, widespread or extratemporal), unusual auras or absence of MRI-based hippocampal sclerosis or FDG-PET hypometabolism. They were explored by invasive monitoring which confirmed medial temporal origin of seizures. Outcome was excellent in 95% of the pure cases (Engel's class I) and less favorable in the more difficult ones (65% of class I). Conclusions - MTLE criteria, including the strong contribution of brain imaging, permit to select accurately a large percentage of patients. However a consistant number of patients present a less pure presentation suggesting more complex epileptogenic networks.
Published: 1996

28. The EPILEPSIAE database: an extensive electroencephalography database of epilepsy patients

Author: Juliane, Klatt, Hinnerk, Feldwisch-Drentrup, Matthias, Ihle, Vincent, Navarro, Markus, Neufang, Cesar, Teixeira, Claude, Adam, Mario, Valderrama, Catalina, Alvarado-Rojas, Adrien, Witon, Michel, Le Van Quyen, Francisco, Sales, Antonio, Dourado, Jens, Timmer, Andreas, Schulze-Bonhage, Bjoern, Schelter, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale (LENA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurophysiologie clinique et d'épileptologie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Data Analysis and Modeling and Dept. of Physics, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Epilepsy, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Female, Child, Aged
Abstract: International audience; From the very beginning the seizure prediction community faced problems concerning evaluation, standardization, and reproducibility of its studies. One of the main reasons for these shortcomings was the lack of access to high-quality long-term electroencephalography (EEG) data. In this article we present the EPILEPSIAE database, which was made publicly available in 2012. We illustrate its content and scope. The EPILEPSIAE database provides long-term EEG recordings of 275 patients as well as extensive metadata and standardized annotation of the data sets. It will adhere to the current standards in the field of prediction and facilitate reproducibility and comparison of those studies. Beyond seizure prediction, it may also be of considerable benefit for studies focusing on seizure detection, basic neurophysiology, and other fields.
Published: 2012

29. Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Measurements of Hippocampal Formations in Patients With Partial Epilepsy

Author: Claude Adam, Michel Baulac, Jacqueline Landau, Olivier Granat, Jean-Marc Saint-Hilaire, and Dominique Laplane
Subjects: Adult, Hippocampal sclerosis, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Hippocampus, Electroencephalography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Hippocampal formation, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Lateralization of brain function, Temporal lobe, Central nervous system disease, Epilepsy, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), medicine, Humans, Epilepsies, Partial, Neurology (clinical), Atrophy, Psychology
Abstract: Objective: To determine the occurrence of magnetic resonance imaging-detected hippocampal atrophy (HA) in patients with partial epilepsy (temporal and extratemporal, cryptogenic, or symptomatic). Magnetic resonance imaging-detected HA has been demonstrated to be both sensitive and specific for hippocampal sclerosis in cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy. Design: Patients' hippocampal formations were measured on a computerized system using Tl-weighted, 5-mm contiguous magnetic resonance coronal images made perpendicular to the hippocampus long axis. Hippocampal atrophy was defined on the basis of a normative asymmetry index and correlated with the epileptogenic focus defined by clinical, electroencephalographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (apart from HA) localizing data. Patients and Control Subjects: Seventy patients with intractable complex partial seizures of temporal, extratemporal, or undefined origin and 21 healthy control subjects. Results: Hippocampal atrophy was present in 70% of patients with cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (n=40), 44% of patients with symptomatic TLE (n=9), 29% of patients with extratemporal epilepsy (n=14), and 6% of unclassified patients (n=16). In the cryptogenic TLE category, HA was marked and usually concordant (93%) with electroencephalographic lateralization. Hippocampal atrophy was often mild in the extratemporal epilepsy category. With the use of a wider confidence interval (±3.1 SD instead of ±2.2 SD), HA specificity for TLE increased to 93%, HA specificity for lateralizing cryptogenic TLE reached 96%, and HA sensitivity for cryptogenic TLE stood almost unchanged (68%). We found a link between early convulsions and HA occurrence. Conclusions: Hippocampal atrophy is a marker for TLE. Dual pathologic findings are detected in 44% of symptomatic TLE cases. Mild HA is rarely associated with extratemporal epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging-based hippocampal volumetric analysis is a useful method to localize the origin of partial complex seizures.
Published: 1994

30. Diffusion tensor imaging can localize the epileptogenic zone in nonlesional extra-temporal refractory epilepsies when [(18)F]FDG-PET is not contributive

Author: Didier Dormont, Claude Adam, Lionel Thivard, Francine Chassoux, Franck Semah, Sophie Dupont, Viviane Bouilleret, Michel Baulac, Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale (U1129), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( NEMESIS-CRICM ), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( CRICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale ( U1129 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Service de neuro-radiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Recherche Médicale, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, SEEG, Voxel-based-morphometry, Statistical parametric mapping, Sensitivity and Specificity, behavioral disciplines and activities, Stereoelectroencephalography, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Preoperative Care, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Ictal, Epileptogenic zone, FDG-PET, [ INFO.INFO-IM ] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Voxel-based morphometry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Nonlesional epilepsy, 3. Good health, Diffusion imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neurology, Frontal lobe, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, nervous system, Positron-Emission Tomography, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, Radiopharmaceuticals, Psychology, Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: International audience; Surgical outcome in patients with nonlesional refractory partial epilepsies could be improved by a more precise definition of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). The value of interictal FDG-PET hypometabolism, voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is still debated. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of these noninvasive techniques in localizing the EZ with stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) results. Twenty patients with nonlesional partial epilepsy (13 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 7 extra-temporal (extra-TLE)) underwent structural MRI, DTI and FDG-PET. FDG-PET was analyzed visually (vPET) blinded and unblinded and by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) (sPET). Individual modifications of grey matter volume and mean diffusivity increase were compared to a control group with SPM. The best sensitivity was provided by vPET unblinded (75%) and the best specificity (60%) by DTI. The sensitivity of vPET blinded (55%) was lower and those of sPET (40%) and VBM (35%) were still lower. In TLE, vPET analyzed either blinded or unblinded, performed the best and additional use of the other tools improved slightly the sensitivity. For extra-TLE, combining vPET and DTI results increased the number of pertinent abnormalities detected especially for circumscribed changes in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). Combining vPET and DTI was the more efficient strategy for extra-TLE, allowing the detection of pertinent abnormalities in FLE when FDG-PET alone was not contributive. Combining sPET or VBM with vPET was less useful.
Published: 2011

31. Glutamatergic pre-ictal discharges emerge at the transition to seizure in human epilepsy

Author: Liset Menendez de la Prida, Richard B. Miles, Claude Adam, Johan Pallud, Michel Le Van Quyen, Michel Baulac, Stéphane Clemenceau, Gilles Huberfeld, Ivan Cohen, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Action Potentials, Synaptic Transmission, Hippocampus, Potassium Chloride, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Magnesium, Temporal cortex, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Neuroscience, Subiculum, Electroencephalography, Valine, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Epileptic seizure, medicine.symptom, Pyramidal cell, networks and systems biology, Adult, Plasticity, Adolescent, Population, Biophysics, Neurophysiology, Glutamic Acid, In Vitro Techniques, Neurological Disorders, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Glutamatergic, Quinoxalines, Confidence Intervals, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Ictal, education, 030304 developmental biology, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, nervous system diseases, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, nervous system, epilepsy, Nerve Net, business, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The mechanisms involved in the transition to an epileptic seizure remain unclear. To examine them, we used tissue slices from human subjects with mesial temporal lobe epilepsies. Ictal-like discharges were induced in the subiculum by increasing excitability along with alkalinization or low Mg(2+). During the transition, distinct pre-ictal discharges emerged concurrently with interictal events. Intracranial recordings from the mesial temporal cortex of subjects with epilepsy revealed that similar discharges before seizures were restricted to seizure onset sites. In vitro, pre-ictal events spread faster and had larger amplitudes than interictal discharges and had a distinct initiation site. These events depended on glutamatergic mechanisms and were preceded by pyramidal cell firing, whereas interneuron firing preceded interictal events that depended on both glutamatergic and depolarizing GABAergic transmission. Once established, recurrence of these pre-ictal discharges triggered seizures. Thus, the subiculum supports seizure generation, and the transition to seizure involves an emergent glutamatergic population activity.
Published: 2011

32. Early influence of prior experience on face perception

Author: Lucile Gamond, Laurent Hugueville, Nathalie George, Catherine Tallon-Baudry, Jean-Didier Lemaréchal, Claude Adam, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Économie Moderne (LEM), Université Panthéon-Assas (UP2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Proactive brain, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Sensory system, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Face perception, Perception, Associative learning, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Association (psychology), Personality judgment, media_common, Communication, Brain Mapping, Intracranial EEG, MEG, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Neurology, Categorization, Face, Visual Perception, Orbitofrontal cortex, Female, business, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Inferring someone's personality from his or her photograph is a pervasive and automatic behavior that takes place even if no reliable information about one's character can be derived solely from facial features. This illustrates nicely the idea that perception is not a passive process, but rather an active combination of current sensory inputs with endogenous knowledge derived from prior experience. To understand how and when neural responses to faces can be modulated by prior experience, we recorded magneto-encephalographic (MEG) responses to new faces, before and after subjects were exposed for a short period of 15-20 min to an experimentally induced association between a facial feature (inter-eye distance) and a response (personality judgment). In spite of the absence of any observable response bias following such a short reinforcement phase, our experimental manipulation influenced neural responses to faces as early as 60-85 ms. Source localization of magneto-encephalographic signals, confirmed by intracranial recordings, suggests that prior experience modulates early neural processing along two initially independent neural routes, one initiated in an anterior system that includes the orbitofrontal cortex and the temporal poles, and the second one involving face-sensitive regions in the ventral visual pathway. The two routes are both active as early as 60 ms but engage in reciprocal interactions only later, between 135 and 160 ms. These experimental findings support recent models assuming the existence of a fast anterior pathway activated in parallel with the ventral visual system which would link prior experience with current sensory inputs.
Published: 2011

33. [Epilepsy surgery: when thinking about? Who are the good candidates?]

Author: Vincent, Navarro, Stéphane, Clemenceau, Marie-Odile, Habert, Dominique, Hasboun, Vi-Huong, Nguyen-Michel, Véronique, Masson, Odile, Plaisant, Séverine, Samson, Sophie, Dupont, Michel, Baulac, and Claude, Adam
Subjects: Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Epilepsy, Drug Resistance, Brain, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Child, Cognition Disorders, Referral and Consultation
Abstract: Epilepsy surgery concerns any patient with pharmacoresistant partial epilepsy, responsible for disability. Children and adult patients can be candidates for epilepsy surgery. A presurgical evaluation, adapted to each patient, must identify the most precisely the cortical area, where the seizures originate, using converging data: the clinical and electroencephalographic semiology of the seizures, the structural and sometimes functional brain imagings, and evaluate if the removal of the epileptogenic focus may induce a neurological or cognitive deficit, using neuropsychological tests and sometimes functional brain imagings. Such therapeutical strategy should be evoked as soon as possible in patients for whom the epilepsy becomes pharmacoresistant, and these patients should be oriented in specialized centres. The results of epilepsy surgery vary according to the lobar origin of the epileptogenic focus and to the existence of a visible lesion on brain MRI. A multidisciplinary evaluation of the benefits and risks should be presented to the patient. Results of the surgery are usually excellent when a focus is clearly identified and the neuropsychological tests did not predict a deficit.
Published: 2011

34. Postoperative recovery of hippocampal contralateral diffusivity in medial temporal lobe epilepsy correlates with memory functions

Author: Séverine Samson, Sophie Dupont, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Lionel Thivard, Micha Pfeuty, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hippocampus, Neuropsychological Tests, Hippocampal formation, Functional Laterality, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, Central nervous system disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Epilepsy surgery, Memory, Internal medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Postoperative Period, Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, EPILEPSY, Sclerosis, 05 social sciences, Contralateral hippocampus, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Psychiatry and Mental health, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Diffusion tensor imaging, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Anesthesia, Cardiology, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Verbal memory, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed at determining if the recovery of mean diffusivity (MD) in the contralateral non sclerotic hippocampus is correlated with a change in memory outcome after surgery in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Verbal and non-verbal memory scores and MD were assessed in 23 patients with MTLE before and after surgical treatment of epilepsy. The recovery of MD in the left hippocampus was correlated with the performance on verbal memory tests, and the recovery of MD in all patients was correlated with the performance on non-verbal memory tests. This finding strengthens the hypothesis that reversible diffusion abnormalities in the contralateral hippocampus in MTLE are linked to the active epileptic process that seems to interfere with memory abilities.
Published: 2010

35. Mapping interictal oscillations greater than 200 Hz recorded with intracranial macroelectrodes in human epilepsy

Author: Michel Baulac, Dominique Hasboun, Jacques Martinerie, Michel Le Van Quyen, Claude Adam, Vincent Navarro, Benoît Crépon, Stéphane Clemenceau, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale (LENA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurophysiologie clinique et d'épileptologie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, Male, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, Stereoelectroencephalography, intracranial EEG, Temporal lobe, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Biological Clocks, Convulsion, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Ictal, high-frequency oscillations, 030304 developmental biology, Physics, 0303 health sciences, Frequency analysis, Brain Mapping, Neocortex, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Brain, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Electrodes, Implanted, fast ripple, medicine.anatomical_structure, Amplitude, seizure onset zone, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Interictal high-frequency oscillations over 200 Hz have been recorded with microelectrodes in the seizure onset zone of epileptic patients suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Recent work suggests that similar high-frequency oscillations can be detected in the seizure onset zone using standard diagnostic macroelectrodes. However, only a few channels were examined in these studies, so little information is available on the spatial extent of high-frequency oscillations. Here, we present data on high-frequency oscillations recorded from a larger number of intracerebral contacts spatial (mean 38) in 16 patients. Data were obtained from 1 h of interictal recording sampled at 1024 Hz and was analysed using a new semi-automatic detection procedure based on a wavelet decomposition. A detailed frequency analysis permitted a rapid and reliable discrimination of high-frequency oscillations from other high-frequency events. A total of 1932 high-frequency oscillations were detected with an average frequency of 261 +/- 53 Hz, amplitude of 11.9 +/- 6.7 microV and duration of 22.7 +/- 11.6 ms. Records from a patient often showed several different high-frequency oscillation patterns. We classified 24 patterns from 11 patients. Usually (20/24 patterns) high-frequency oscillations were nested in an epileptic paroxysm, such as a spike or a sharp wave, and typically high-frequency oscillations (19/24) were recorded from just one recording contact. Unexpectedly in other cases, high-frequency oscillations (5/24) were detected simultaneously on two or three contacts, sometimes separated by large distances. This large spatial extent suggests that high-frequency oscillations may sometimes result from a neuronal synchrony manifest on a scale of centimetres. High-frequency oscillations were almost always recorded in seizure-generating structures of patients suffering from mesial (9/9) or polar (1/3) temporal lobe epilepsy. They were never found in the epileptic or healthy basal, lateral temporal or extra temporal neocortex nor in the healthy amygdalo-hippocampal complex. These findings confirm that the generation of oscillations at frequencies higher that 200 Hz is, at this scale, a specific, intrinsic property of seizure-generating networks in medial and polar temporal lobes, which have a common archaic phylogenetic origin. We show that this activity can be detected and its spatial extent determined with conventional intracranial electroencephalography electrodes in records from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. It is a reliable marker of the seizure onset zone that should be considered in decisions on surgical treatment.
Published: 2009

36. Unconscious contextual memory affects early responses in the anterior temporal lobe

Author: Dominique Hasboun, Catherine Tallon-Baudry, Claude Adam, Michel Baulac, Maximilien Chaumon, Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale (LENA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Économie Moderne (LEM), Université Panthéon-Assas (UP2), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Neuropsychological Tests, Spatial memory, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Visual memory, Memory, Orientation, Reaction Time, Explicit memory, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Semantic memory, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Evoked Potentials, Molecular Biology, Eyewitness memory (child testimony), Brain Mapping, Memory Disorders, Epilepsy, Unconscious, Psychology, Long-term memory, General Neuroscience, Sensory memory, 05 social sciences, Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, Iconic memory, Temporal Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Space Perception, Visual Perception, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cues, Nerve Net, Psychology, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; Memory and perception are two tightly interrelated cognitive processes, but the neural level of their interaction remains a matter of debate. Proponents of a late interaction emphasize feedback memory effects on visual processing, whereas others suggest that feed forward processing is affected by memory. In the visual domain, unconscious memory for stable relations among objects is known to influence visually-guided behavior. Recent evidence suggest an early interaction between this form of unconscious memory and visually-driven neural activity: the brain dissociates stable and unstable spatial relations at surprisingly early latencies, within the first 100 ms of sensory processing. The anatomical localization of this early effect however was still uncertain. In this study, we estimated the sources of the early effect in magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings, and analyzed intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) signal from seven epileptic patients in the modified version of the contextual cueing paradigm we recently developed. In spite of a lack of behavioral effect in the patient population, the striking agreement between the two electrophysiological datasets suggests that memory for spatial relations leads to differential responses in the anterior temporal lobe before 100 ms. The intracranial data further revealed orbitofrontal and more posterior temporal memory related activities around 100 ms. Altogether, the data point toward an early interaction between contextual memories and perceptual processing. The anterior temporal cortex, in particular appears to play a critical role in merging sensory processing with unconscious memory as soon as it gets activated.
Published: 2009

37. The birth of musical emotion: a depth electrode case study in a human subject with epilepsy

Author: Denis Schwartz, Michel Baulac, Séverine Samson, Delphine Dellacherie, Micha Pfeuty, Julien Lefèvre, Laurent Hugueville, Dominique Hasboun, Claude Adam, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, genetic structures, Auditory area, Emotions, Amygdala, behavioral disciplines and activities, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, History and Philosophy of Science, Cortex (anatomy), medicine, Cognitive dissonance, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Cognitive neuroscience of music, Epilepsy, General Neuroscience, Consonance and dissonance, Temporal Lobe, humanities, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Frontal lobe, Psychology, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Music, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Intracranial electroencephalography was recorded in an epileptic patient when he was listening to dissonant and consonant chords and to minor and major chords. Changes in dissonance induced event-related potentials (ERPs) in the auditory areas from 200 ms onward, in the orbito-frontal cortex (500-1000 ms), and later in the amygdala and anterior cingulate gyrus (1200-1400 ms), suggesting the sequential involvement of these brain structures in implicit emotional judgment of musical dissonance. Changes in musical mode induced ERPs only in the orbito-frontal cortex (500-1000 ms), emphasizing the implication of this frontal region in emotional judgment of pleasant music.
Published: 2009

38. Subliminal words durably affect neuronal activity

Author: Stéphane Clemenceau, Laurent D. Cohen, Michel Baulac, Jean-Claude Willer, Lionel Naccache, Claude Adam, Raphaël Gaillard, Stanislas Dehaene, and Dominique Hasboun
Subjects: Adult, Male, Unconscious mind, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Brain activity and meditation, Subliminal Stimulation, Affect (psychology), Discrimination, Psychological, Reaction Time, Premovement neuronal activity, Humans, Neurons, Epilepsy, Repetition (rhetorical device), General Neuroscience, Subliminal stimuli, Cognition, Middle Aged, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrophysiology, Mental representation, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Speech Perception, Female, Psychology, Neuroscience, Monte Carlo Method
Abstract: Unconscious mental representations elicited by subliminal stimuli are marked by their £eeting lifetimes, usually below 1s. Can such evanescent subliminal stimuli, nevertheless, lead to long-lasting learning? To date, evidence suggesting a long-term in£uence of brie£y perceived stimuli on behaviour or brain activity is scarce and questionable. In this study, we used intracranial recordings to provide the ¢rst direct demonstration that unconsciously perceived subliminal words could exert long-lasting eiects on neuronal signals.When repeating subliminal words over long interstimulus intervals, we observed electrophysiological repetition eiects. These unconscious repetition eiects suggest that the single presentation of a masked word can durably aiect neural architecture. NeuroReport 18:1527^1531 � c 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Published: 2007

39. Postoperative recovery of hippocampal contralateral diffusivity in medial temporal lobe epilepsy

Author: Edouard Dezamis, Sophie Dupont, Marie-Laure Tanguy, Jacques Chiras, Stéphane Clemenceau, Claude Adam, Michel Baulac, Lionel Thivard, Stéphane Lehéricy, and Didier Dormont
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hippocampus, Hippocampal formation, Disease-Free Survival, Functional Laterality, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Epilepsy surgery, Postoperative Period, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Summary: Purpose: To search for a recovery after surgery of mean diffusivity (MD) values in the contralateral nonsclerotic hippocampus of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Methods: Twenty-four MTLE patients (12 right-sided and 12 left-sided MTLE) and 36 healthy volunteers were investigated using diffusion tensor imaging. A region-of-interest approach was used to measure pre- and postoperative interictal hippocampal MD values in patients. Results: Diffusion abnormalities in contralateral nonsclerotic hippocampus recovered after surgery (p < 0.0001). A subgroup of 14 patients exhibited a clear increase in MD values whereas the remaining 10 patients were stable. No significant difference was found between the two subgroups for each of the electroclinical data studied including early postoperative outcome, all patients being either seizure free or with rare persistent auras. Conclusions: This finding suggests that diffusion abnormalities in contralateral hippocampus may represent a functional mechanism linked to the active epileptic process.
Published: 2007

40. Long-term prognosis and psychosocial outcomes after surgery for MTLE

Author: Sophie, Dupont, Marie-Laure, Tanguy, Stephane, Clemenceau, Claude, Adam, Paule, Hazemann, and Michel, Baulac
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health Status, Amygdala, Anterior Temporal Lobectomy, Prognosis, Hippocampus, Survival Analysis, Disease-Free Survival, Temporal Lobe, Treatment Outcome, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Patient Satisfaction, Recurrence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Social Adjustment, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: To assess the seizure-freedom rates and self-perceived psychosocial changes associated with the long-term outcome of epilepsy surgery in patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.A standard questionnaire was given to 183 patients who underwent surgery between 1988 and 2004, and 110 were completed.The mean duration of follow-up after surgery was 7 years, with a maximum of 17 years. The probability that patients were seizure-free after surgery was dependent on the definition of the seizure freedom. For the patients who were seizure-free since surgery (Engel's class Ia), the probability was 97.6% at 1 year after surgery, 85.2% at 2 years after surgery, 59.5% at 5 years after surgery, and 42.6% at 10 years after surgery. For the patients who still experienced rare disabling seizures after surgery but were seizure-free at least 1 year before the time of assessment, the probability was of 97.6% at 1 year after surgery, 95% at 2 years after surgery, 82.8% at 5 years after surgery, and 71.1% at 10 years after surgery. The psychosocial long-term outcome, as measured by indices of driving, employment, familial and social relationships, and marital status, was similar to the psychosocial short-term outcome. It did not depend on seizure freedom or on follow-up time interval and was not influenced statistically by seizure frequency in cases of persisting seizures. Most but not all patients noticed a substantial overall improvement in their psychosocial condition; 48% drove (increased by 7%), 47% improved (14% worsened) in their employment status, and 68% improved (5% worsened) in their familial and social relationships. Overall, 91% of patients were satisfied with the surgery, and 92% did not regret their decision.The results of this study suggest that temporal lobe surgery has real long-term benefits. Two specific conclusions emerge: (a) the long-term rates of freedom from seizure depend on how seizure freedom is defined, and (b) the psychosocial long-term outcome does not change dramatically over years and does not depend on seizure freedom.
Published: 2007

41. Complete change of seizure and spike lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy at two separate monitorings

Author: Areti Koukou, William Szurhaj, Philippe Derambure, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, and Sophie Dupont
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Focus (geometry), Audiology, Electroencephalography, Stereoelectroencephalography, Lateralization of brain function, Functional Laterality, Temporal lobe, Lesion, Central nervous system disease, Epilepsy, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Evoked Potentials, Dermoid Cyst, Retrospective Studies, Cerebral Cortex, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, medicine.diagnostic_test, Videotape Recording, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Sensory Systems, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Anesthesia, Positron-Emission Tomography, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology
Abstract: Objective To report complete change of seizure and spike lateralization over time in bilateral temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE). Methods Repetition of video-EEG monitorings in 115 patients; 2 cases are reported in detail; 113 other severe partial epilepsies were included to estimate retrospectively the frequency of the reported phenomenon. Results In 2 cases, two video-EEG monitorings, separated by several months, revealed the first time one unilateral TL (temporal lobe) seizure and spike focus and the second time a distinct seizure and spike focus located in the opposite TL. The second monitoring was planned for these two patients because of the presence of a discordant lesion or, in the absence of a lesion, of some bilateral or discordant functional (EEG, SPECT and PET) abnormalities. No patient among the other 113 cases had this video-EEG pattern. Conclusions In TLE, two video-EEG sessions may be necessary to disclose two opposite TL epileptogenic foci. Significance In rare bilateral TLE cases, the expression of seizure and spike foci can alternate between hemispheres.
Published: 2006

42. Interictal diffusion MRI in partial epilepsies explored with intracerebral electrodes

Author: Jacques Chiras, Didier Dormont, Stéphane Clemenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Stéphane Lehéricy, Sophie Dupont, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Lionel Thivard, and Edouard Dezamis
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stereoelectroencephalography, Temporal lobe, Epilepsy, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Effective diffusion coefficient, Humans, Ictal, Epilepsy surgery, Electrodes, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Brain, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Case-Control Studies, Anisotropy, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epilepsies, Partial, Nuclear medicine, business, Psychology, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Patients with refractory partial seizures may benefit from epilepsy surgery. However, invasive investigations are often needed to define the precise location and limits of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). In this study, we asked whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) might provide a non-invasive alternative to locate the EZ or at least provide insights to help place intracerebral electrodes for stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG). Whole brain DTI and voxel-based analysis (SPM99) was used to assess diffusion properties objectively in 16 epilepsy patients investigated with SEEG. Epilepsy was symptomatic in two patients and cryptogenic in the 14 remaining patients. The suspected onset of seizures was temporal in 10 patients, frontal in 2 and occipital in 4. Individual maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated and compared to a database of 40 healthy volunteers. Thirteen of 16 patients exhibited diffusion abnormalities. ADC abnormalities were better correlated with SEEG data than FA abnormalities which were usually located at a distance or in the white matter. A significant increase in ADC (P < 0.01) was found in 11 patients and was located in the regions explored with depth electrodes in 7 of them. Surgery outcome was available in 3 of these 7 patients (2 were seizure free and 1 not). DTI specificity was better in extratemporal lobe epilepsy (83%) than in temporal lobe epilepsy (20%). When abnormalities concurred with the SEEG data, the concordance was optimal between the localization of the diffusion abnormalities and the irritative zone defined by SEEG. These encouraging, preliminary results, suggest that DTI examinations may provide accurate spatial data on the location and extent of the epileptogenic network in extratemporal lobe epilepsies.
Published: 2005

43. Diffusion tensor imaging in medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis

Author: Stéphane Lehéricy, Sophie Dupont, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Jacques Chiras, Didier Dormont, Lionel Thivard, Alexandre Krainik, Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Service d'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM), CHU Grenoble, Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Metabolique, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collaboration, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Dojat, Michel, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, MESH: Hippocampus, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Age of Onset, Hippocampus, MESH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Statistical parametric mapping, Brain mapping, Seizures, Febrile, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Age of Onset, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Male, MESH: Seizures, Febrile, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, MESH: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, MESH: Anisotropy, Anisotropy, Female, Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic, MESH: Sclerosis, Psychology, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: International audience; Interictal diffusion imaging studies in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) accompanied by hippocampal sclerosis (HS) have shown an increased diffusivity in the epileptogenic hippocampus. In this study, we wanted to explore the whole brain in order to determine if MTLE could have an impact on the organization and the architecture of a large cerebral network and to identify clinical factors that could mediate diffusion abnormalities. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and statistical parametric mapping of the entire brain were performed in 35 well-defined MTLE patients and in 36 healthy volunteers. SPM analyses identified three abnormal areas: an increased diffusivity was detected in the epileptic hippocampus and the ipsilateral temporal structures associated with a decreased anisotropy along the temporal lobe, a decreased diffusivity was found in the contralateral non-sclerotic hippocampus, the amygdala, and the temporal pole, and finally, a decreased anisotropy was noted ipsilaterally in posterior extratemporal regions. Duration of epilepsy, age at onset, and the frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures or partial complex seizures did not correlate with the presence of diffusion abnormalities. Region of interest analysis in the hippocampus/parahippocampus demonstrated a correlation between lower ipsilateral diffusivity values and occurrence of epigastric aura and between higher anisotropy values in both hemispheres and history of febrile seizures. In conclusion, this study showed that diffusion abnormalities are not restricted to the pathologic hippocampus and involve a larger network. This pattern may indirectly reflect the epileptogenic network and may be interpreted as a cause or a consequence of epilepsy.
Published: 2005

44. Seizure anticipation in human neocortical partial epilepsy

Author: Vincent Navarro, Francisco J. Varela, Jacques Martinerie, Michel Le Van Quyen, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, and Stéphane Clemenceau
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Brain activity and meditation, Population, Neocortex, Electroencephalography, Functional Laterality, Diagnosis, Differential, Epilepsy, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, education, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Anticipation, nervous system diseases, Causality, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Nonlinear Dynamics, Scalp, Female, Neurology (clinical), Epileptic seizure, Epilepsies, Partial, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract: The transition of brain activity towards an epileptic seizure is still a poorly understood phenomenon. Dynamic changes in brain activity have been detected several minutes before seizure emergence in populations of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), using non-linear analysis of intracranial EEG recordings. Similar detection of a pre-ictal state has been obtained with standard scalp EEG recordings using a modified non-linear method. Here we applied this strategy to the seizures of patients with neocortical partial epilepsy. Results obtained by non-linear similarity analysis of 41 seizures from 11 patients with refractory partial epilepsy originating from various sites of the neocortex showed that (i) a pre-ictal state was detected in 90% of the patients and in 83% of the seizures whatever their location, with a mean anticipation time of 7.5 min; (ii) similar pre-ictal dynamic changes were detected when non-linear analysis methods were applied to either intracranial or scalp EEG recordings; (iii) the recording sites exhibiting these pre-ictal changes were distributed both within the epileptogenic focus and at remote locations; (iv) most pre-ictal dynamic changes were not correlated with linear changes in the frequency spectrum or with changes in the visually inspected EEG and the patients' behaviour. Hypotheses on the neuronal mechanisms underlying the pre-ictal period are discussed. The present results, together with those recently obtained in an MTLE population, suggest that changes in pre-ictal dynamics are a general phenomenon associated with seizure emergence in a wide population of patients with partial epilepsy, wherever the epileptogenic focus is located. The possibility of anticipating the onset of seizures has considerable therapeutic implications.
Published: 2002

45. Delayed verbal memory retrieval: a functional MRI study in epileptic patients with structural lesions of the left medial temporal lobe

Author: Yves Samson, Sophie Dupont, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Denis Le Bihan, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Stéphane Lehéricy, Séverine Samson, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cultures et Sociétés en Europe (CSE), Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Male, MESH: Hippocampus, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Mental Recall, Neocortex, Brain mapping, Hippocampus, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epilepsy, MESH: Neocortex, 0302 clinical medicine, Episodic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Retention, Psychology, Middle Aged, Verbal Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, MESH: Retention (Psychology), MESH: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, Occipital Lobe, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, MESH: Occipital Lobe, Adult, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Delayed verbal memory, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, Dominance, Cerebral, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, Word list, MESH: Humans, Magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Adult, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, medicine.disease, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH: Male, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, MESH: Nerve Net, Mental Recall, Nerve Net, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we suggested that in left medial temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) poor verbal episodic memory performances were sustained by abnormal neocortical and mesiotemporal activations. In the present study, we attempted to examine the evolution of these abnormal neocortical and mesiotemporal activations over 24 h. We thus observed the fMRI brain regions activated during the 24-h-delayed retrieval of a word list in the same sample of healthy control subjects and LTLE patients. In control subjects, a similar left occipitotemporofrontal network was activated during both immediate and 24-h-delayed retrieval conditions. In addition, the 24-h-delayed retrieval also activated a larger parietal region and the right hippocampus. This distributed neocortical and mesiotemporal network was very poorly activated during the 24-h-delayed retrieval in LTLE patients, suggesting the inability to reactivate areas that are keys to retrieving stored information.
Published: 2001

46. Accurate Prediction of Postoperative Outcome in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Author: Sophi Dupont, Stéphane Clemenceau, Michel Baulac, Yves Samson, F. Semah, and Claude Adam
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hippocampus, Temporal lobe, Central nervous system disease, Epilepsy, Positron, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Prospective Studies, Fluorodeoxyglucose, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Discriminant Analysis, Electroencephalography, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Treatment Outcome, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Positron emission tomography, Female, Neurology (clinical), Atrophy, Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear medicine, business, Psychology, Tomography, Emission-Computed, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Recent studies suggest that positron emission tomography may be a reliable predictive indicator of clinical outcome following surgical treatment for epilepsy. Objective We evaluated 30 patients with documented medial temporal lobe epilepsy to determine if prediction of postoperative outcome is improved with the use of positron emission tomography with 18 fluorodeoxyglucose. Patients and Methods We performed a discriminant analysis to determine the combination of metabolic asymmetry indexes in temporal and extratemporal regions defined by magnetic resonance imaging that best predicted the postoperative outcome. Seizure outcome was assessed at least 2 years after surgery: patients were classified as seizure free (n = 14, group A), mostly improved (n = 10, group B), or as having persistent seizures (n = 6, group C). Results Discriminant analysis was first performed in groups A and C. The temporal pole seemed to be the only temporal region for which metabolism was a significant predictor of the postoperative outcome (F 1,18 = 10.19; P = .005). The predictive value of positron emission tomography with 18 fluorodeoxyglucose was considerably improved by the multivariate analysis (F 4,15 = 7.21; P = .002), which correctly predicted the 2 -year prognosis in 100% of the patients using 4 regions: the temporal pole, the medial temporal region, the anterior part of the lateral temporal neocortex, and the basofrontal region. As a validation, we performed this 4-region analysis in the patients in group B. The difference among the 3 groups was highly significant (F = 15.5, P Conclusion These findings suggest that the interictal metabolic pattern reliably predicts the 2-year prognosis after surgery in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Published: 2000

47. Episodic memory in left temporal lobe epilepsy: a functional MRI study

Author: Jean-Baptiste Poline, Dominique Hasboun, Samuel Dupont, Yves Samson, Séverine Samson, Claude Adam, P. F. Van De Moortele, D. Le Bihan, Michel Baulac, Stéphane Lehéricy, Le Bihan, Denis, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cultures et Sociétés en Europe (CSE), Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Mental Recall, Audiology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, MESH: Memory, Episodic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, MESH: Reference Values, Brain, MESH: Cerebrovascular Circulation, Middle Aged, Verbal Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebrovascular Circulation, MESH: Language, MESH: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Female, Psychology, Parahippocampal gyrus, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Hemodynamics, Adolescent, Prefrontal Cortex, Verbal learning, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Memory, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Adolescent, Hippocampal sclerosis, MESH: Humans, Recall, Hemodynamics, MESH: Parahippocampal Gyrus, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Mental Recall, MESH: Prefrontal Cortex, Neurology (clinical), Verbal memory, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Left medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with verbal memory impairment usually related to hippocampal damage. We used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the patterns of functional activity in healthy volunteers and MTLE patients engaged in verbal episodic memory tasks to look for evidence of a reallocation of verbal memory in epileptic patients. fMRI data were collected from seven MTLE patients with left-sided hippocampal sclerosis and 10 healthy right-handed control subjects on a 3T scanner. Subjects were instructed to learn a list of 17 words (encoding) and then to recall them (retrieval) on successive trials. Healthy volunteers and patients both exhibited bilateral activation (right higher than left) of the parahippocampal gyrus during the retrieval. This effect was more marked in the control subjects. In contrast to the control subjects, patients exhibited consistent and extensive left prefrontal activations in all the memory tasks. These findings show that verbal memory tasks did not involve the same functional patterns in patients and healthy volunteers. This may be interpreted as a dysfunctional response due to the epilepsy and left hippocampal sclerosis, and could reflect the early onset and progressive course of the disease.
Published: 2000

48. SPEECH AUTOMATISMS IN A SECOND LANGUAGE IN COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES: A VIDEO-EEG STUDY

Author: Michel Baulac, P. Hazemann, Claude Adam, Vincent Navarro, and Valérie Chauviré
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Complex partial seizures, Video Recording, Multilingualism, Audiology, Electroencephalography, Automatism (medicine), Temporal lobe, Central nervous system disease, Epilepsy, Complex Partial, Aphasia, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Dominance, Cerebral, medicine.diagnostic_test, Automatism, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Temporal Lobe, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract: Semiologic analysis of language manifestations in complex partial seizures may help to localize and lateralize the epileptogenic zone. Ictal well-formed speech automatisms suggest a language-nondominant hemisphere origin,1 mainly in the temporal lobe. Postictal aphasia or dysphasia suggests a language-dominant hemisphere origin.1 Conversely, second language speech automatisms (SLSAs) have been reported rarely.2–4 In the present study, we examined the incidence of peri-ictal SLSAs and their possible localizing and lateralizing value. Methods and a summary of the presurgical evaluation of the patients (table E-1) are on the Neurology Web site at www.neurology.org. ### Results. Four of 689 (0.58%) patients recorded in our unit between 1997 and 2005 showed SLSAs during or after complex partial seizures. They were classified into two groups according to the time of …
Published: 2007

49. Human Gamma Oscillations during Slow Wave Sleep

Author: Vincent Navarro, V. Botella-Soler, Jacques Martinerie, Michel Baulac, Dominique Hasboun, Michel Le Van Quyen, Catalina Alvarado-Rojas, Mario Valderrama, Claude Adam, Benoît Crépon, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et d'imagerie cérébrale (LENA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurophysiologie clinique et d'épileptologie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Anatomy and Physiology, Neural Networks, Adolescent, Polysomnography, lcsh:Medicine, Neurophysiology, Local field potential, Electroencephalography, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Learning and Memory, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Diagnostic Medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, Biology, Evoked Potentials, 030304 developmental biology, Slow-wave sleep, Clinical Neurophysiology, Cerebral Cortex, Temporal cortex, 0303 health sciences, Epilepsy, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, lcsh:R, Human brain, Middle Aged, Brain Waves, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral cortex, Scalp, Medicine, lcsh:Q, Female, Physiological Processes, Sleep, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; Neocortical local field potentials have shown that gamma oscillations occur spontaneously during slow-wave sleep (SWS). At the macroscopic EEG level in the human brain, no evidences were reported so far. In this study, by using simultaneous scalp and intracranial EEG recordings in 20 epileptic subjects, we examined gamma oscillations in cerebral cortex during SWS. We report that gamma oscillations in low (30-50 Hz) and high (60-120 Hz) frequency bands recurrently emerged in all investigated regions and their amplitudes coincided with specific phases of the cortical slow wave. In most of the cases, multiple oscillatory bursts in different frequency bands from 30 to 120 Hz were correlated with positive peaks of scalp slow waves ("IN-phase" pattern), confirming previous animal findings. In addition, we report another gamma pattern that appears preferentially during the negative phase of the slow wave ("ANTI-phase" pattern). This new pattern presented dominant peaks in the high gamma range and was preferentially expressed in the temporal cortex. Finally, we found that the spatial coherence between cortical sites exhibiting gamma activities was local and fell off quickly when computed between distant sites. Overall, these results provide the first human evidences that gamma oscillations can be observed in macroscopic EEG recordings during sleep. They support the concept that these high-frequency activities might be associated with phasic increases of neural activity during slow oscillations. Such patterned activity in the sleeping brain could play a role in off-line processing of cortical networks.
Published: 2012

50. Exploring the 'Global Workspace' of Consciousness

Author: Laurent D. Cohen, Stéphane Clemenceau, Dominique Hasboun, Lionel Naccache, Claude Adam, Stanislas Dehaene, Raphaël Gaillard, Michel Baulac, Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service hospitalo-universitaire de santé mentale et de thérapeutique, CHU Paris, Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Collège de France (CDF (laboratoire)), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Departement de Physiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut pour le Cerveau et la Moelle épinière (ICM Institute, Paris, France) INSERM Federation Francaise pour la Recherche sur l'Epilepsie Académie Nationale de Médecine (RG), Leriche, Marianne, Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Male, Visual perception, Brain activity and meditation, MESH: Neurophysiology, Perceptual Masking, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, CHANGE BLINDNESS, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, SUBLIMINAL WORDS, Visual processing, ATTENTIONAL MODULATION, 0302 clinical medicine, Biology (General), Prefrontal cortex, MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Cognition, Middle Aged, PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Epilepsy, Synopsis, Visual Perception, GATES AWARENESS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Consciousness, QH301-705.5, GLOBAL WORKSPACE, media_common.quotation_subject, Neurophysiology, Cognitive neuroscience, Biology, GRANGER CAUSALITY, 050105 experimental psychology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Consciousness, Visual masking, OSCILLATORY SYNCHRONY, Perception, MESH: Electroencephalography, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Set (psychology), MESH: Adolescent, Neural correlates of consciousness, Epilepsy, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, General Immunology and Microbiology, MEDIAL TEMPORAL-LOBE, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Perceptual Masking, Change blindness, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: We compared conscious and nonconscious processing of briefly flashed words using a visual masking procedure while recording intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) in ten patients. Nonconscious processing of masked words was observed in multiple cortical areas, mostly within an early time window (, Author Summary What is the neural signature of the conscious perception of a visual stimulus? To address this question, we recorded neural activity directly from the brains of human subjects (who were undergoing neural surgery for medical reasons). This rare opportunity afforded greater spatial and temporal resolution than noninvasive methods used previously to probe the neural basis of consciousness. We compared neural activity concomitant with conscious and nonconscious processing of words by using a visual masking procedure that allowed us to manipulate the conscious visibility of briefly masked words. Nonconscious processing of words elicited short-lasting activity across multiple cortical areas, including parietal and visual areas. In sharp contrast, only consciously perceived words were accompanied by long-lasting effects (>200 ms) across a great variety of cortical sites, with a special involvement of the prefrontal lobes. This sustained pattern of neural activity was characterized by a specific increase of coherence between distant areas, suggesting conscious perception is broadcasted widely across the cortex., A neural signature of the conscious perception of words by humans is readable in intracranial electrophysiological recordings, which afford relatively high spatial- and temporal-resolution measurements of neural activity.
Published: 2009

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