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Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the values of anthropometric measurements and rates used in the evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in our country. Materials and Methods: Twenty accredited sleep centers in thirteen provinces participated in this multicenter prospective study. OSAS symptoms and polysomnographic examination and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 cases OSAS study group; patients with AHI < 5 and STOP-Bang < 2 were included as control group. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, body mass index-BMI) and anthropometric measurements (neck, waist and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio) of the subjects were recorded. Results: The study included 2684 patients (81.3% OSAS) with a mean age of 50.50 ± 0.21 years from 20 centers. The cases were taken from six geographical regions of the country (Mediterranean, Eastern Anatolia, Aegean, Central Anatolia, Black Sea and Marmara Region). Demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements; age, neck, waist, hip circumference and waist/ hip ratios and BMI characteristics when compared with the control group; when compared according to regions, age, neck, waist, hip circumference and waist/hip ratios were found to be statistically different (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p< 0.05, respectively). When compared by sex, age, neck and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, height, weight and BMI characteristics were statistically different (p< 0.001, respectively). Neck circumference and waist/hip ratio were respectively 42.58 ± 0.10 cm, 0.99 ± 0.002, 39.24 ± 0.16 cm, 0.93 ± 0.004 were found in women. Conclusion: The neck circumference was lower than the standard value in men, but higher in women. The waist/hip ratio was above the ideal measurements in both men and women. In this context, the determination of the country values will allow the identification of patients with the possibility of OSAS and referral to sleep centers for polysomnography. © Telif Hakkı 2019 Tüberküloz ve Toraks.

Psychiatric evaluation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) might cause neuropsychiatric problems as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Daily life of the patients are effected and their quality of life decreases. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression and to test their ability to cope with stress in patients with OSAS. Materials and Methods: The patients with OSAS suspect admitting to our sleep laboratuary, were classed as simple snoring, mild-moderate and severe OSAS according to their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Hospital anxiety and depression, stress coping and skill loss scales were applied to the patients accepted to participate to the study. Results: Fifty four patients participated into the study. Forty-one (75.9%) were OSAS and 13 (24.1%) were simple snoring (control group). Mean age was 52.3 ± 9.2 years in OSAS group, while it was 50.5 ± 9.9 years in control group. Snoring was found in every patient of two groups. Thirty-one (79.5%) patients with OSAS had witnessed apneas and 23 (60.5%) had excessive OSAS patients had excessive daytime sleepiness. There was no significant differences in age, BMI, sleep efficiency, HAD and skill loss scales between both groups. Autism was found higher in OSAS group with stress coping test (p= 0.031). Moreover, social support necessicity was found higher in moderate and severe OSAS patients. Conclusion: We found that neuropsyhiatric problems are highly seen in moderate and severe OUAS patients.

Psychiatric evaluation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) might cause neuropsychiatric problems as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Daily life of the patients are effected and their quality of life decreases. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression and to test their ability to cope with stress in patients with OSAS. Materials and Methods: The patients with OSAS suspect admitting to our sleep laboratuary, were classed as simple snoring, mild-moderate and severe OSAS according to their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Hospital anxiety and depression, stress coping and skill loss scales were applied to the patients accepted to participate to the study. Results: Fifty four patients participated into the study. Forty-one (75.9%) were OSAS and 13 (24.1%) were simple snoring (control group). Mean age was 52.3 ± 9.2 years in OSAS group, while it was 50.5 ± 9.9 years in control group. Snoring was found in every patient of two groups. Thirty-one (79.5%) patients with OSAS had witnessed apneas and 23 (60.5%) had excessive OSAS patients had excessive daytime sleepiness. There was no significant differences in age, BMI, sleep efficiency, HAD and skill loss scales between both groups. Autism was found higher in OSAS group with stress coping test (p= 0.031). Moreover, social support necessicity was found higher in moderate and severe OSAS patients. Conclusion: We found that neuropsyhiatric problems are highly seen in moderate and severe OUAS patients.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergies in Turkey (PARFAIT) study was planned to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for asthma and allergic diseases in Turkey. The present analysis used data from 25,843 parents of primary school children, obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. A total of 25,843 questionnaires from 14 centres were evaluated. In rural areas, the prevalences asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis and eczema in males were: 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9-9.1%), 13.5% (95% CI 12.8-14.2%), 17.5% (95% CI 16.7-18.2%) and 10.8% (95% CI 10.211.4%), respectively; and in females were: 11.2% (95% CI 10.9-11.8%), 14.7% (95% CI 14.315.1%), 21.2% (95% CI 20.4-22.0%) and 13.1% (95% CI 2.4-13.8%), respectively. In urban areas, the corresponding prevalences in males were: 6.2% (95% CI 5.8-6.6%), 10.8% (95% CI 10.311.3%), 11.7% (95% CI 11.4-12.0%) and 6.6% (95% CI 6.2-7.0%), respectively; and in females were: 7.5 % (95% CI 7.9-7.1%), 12.0% (95% CI 11.7-12.3%), 17.0% (95% CI 16.4-17.6%) and 7.3% (95% CI 6.9-7.7%), respectively. Having an atopic first-degree relative or any other atopic diseases had significant effects on the prevalence of allergic diseases. Housing conditions, such as living in a shanty-type house, visible moulds at home and use of wood or biomass as heating or cooking material were associated with one or more allergic diseases. Although genetic susceptibility is strongly associated, country-and population-based environmental factors may contribute to increased prevalence rates of allergic diseases. Copyright © ERS Journals Ltd 2009.

This is a metastatic spread of squamous cell lung carcinoma to lungs, liver, lymph node, bone and subcutanous region as multiple abscess-like lesions. A fifty-five years old man admitted to the out-patient clinic with fever, cough, hemopthysis, night sweats, chest pain, abdominal pain and weight loss. In a short period of time abcess like lesions developed in his lungs, liver, lymph node, bone and subcutanous region. Though the clinical presentation is suggestive for an infectious condition, no success to antimicrobial treatment and negative results of microbiological studies have arised a need to further investigations. Histopathological studies of the abscess wall ultimately gave the definitive diagnosis as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. We believe that case report is interesting because of the uncommon metastatic lesions masquerading the abscesses and also wide-spread multiple distant invasions of a squamous cell lung carcinoma in a short time period.

Objectives: We investigated the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular structure in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study design: Thirty-three male patients with severe OSA underwent CPAP treatment for six months. Compliance was defined as the use of CPAP for at least 3.5 hours per night during treatment; thus, 25 patients (mean age 47.9±8.2 years) were compliant with a mean of 5.3±1.9 hours, and eight patients (mean age 48.6±8.4 years) were noncompliant with a mean of 1.0±0.8 hours. Before and after CPAP, echocardiographic assessments were made to determine left ventricular structure (interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index) and function (E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, mitral deceleration time, and velocity of mitral flow propagation), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. In the compliant group, 20 patients had hypertension, 22 patients had diastolic dysfunction, and 16 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). All noncompliant patients were hypertensive, four had diastolic dysfunction, and four had LVH. Results: Systolic and diastolic BPs significantly decreased after CPAP treatment, the decreases being more pronounced in the compliant group (p

The morbidity and mortality of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are related principally to its cardiovascular complications. Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is recognized as raising the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we analysied the diagnostic value of MBS to predict the diagnosis of severe OSA. Eight-seven subjects (54 males and 33 females) without any cardiac or pulmonary disease referred for evaluation of OSA, had overnight polysomnography. MBS were diagnosed according to NCEP criteria. According to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), subjects were divided into two groups: severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30, 26 males, 15 females) and non-severe OSA (AHI < 30, 28 males, 18 females). Ages were similar in both OSA groups for both genders. In the severe OSA group, number of patients with MBS was especially higher (in females n= 13, 86.6%; in males n= 19, 73%) than non-severe OSA (in females 6, 33%, in males 9, 32%). The mean values of the five diagnostic criteria of MBS were significantly higher in severe OSA than non-severe groups in both genders. Analysis of diagnostic value (criteria ≥ 3) of MBS for predicting the diagnosis of severe OSA in males and females revealed the sensitivity 73% and 86.6%, the specificity 67.8% and 94.4%, positive predictive value 67.9% and 86.7%, negative predictive value 73% and 85.7% respectively. Especially in female patients referred to the sleep clinics, evaluation of MBS criteria may play an important role in predicting severe OSA with high sensitivity and negative predictivity. Furthermore, the presence of MBS in OSA patients might increase cardiovascular complications.

Objectives: We investigated the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular structure in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Study design: Thirty-three male patients with severe OSA underwent CPAP treatment for six months. Compliance was defined as the use of CPAP for at least 3.5 hours per night during treatment; thus, 25 patients (mean age 47.9±8.2 years) were compliant with a mean of 5.3±1.9 hours, and eight patients (mean age 48.6±8.4 years) were noncompliant with a mean of 1.0±0.8 hours. Before and after CPAP, echocardiographic assessments were made to determine left ventricular structure (interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index) and function (E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, mitral deceleration time, and velocity of mitral flow propagation), and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. In the compliant group, 20 patients had hypertension, 22 patients had diastolic dysfunction, and 16 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). All noncompliant patients were hypertensive, four had diastolic dysfunction, and four had LVH. Results: Systolic and diastolic BPs significantly decreased after CPAP treatment, the decreases being more pronounced in the compliant group (p