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This work employed white sugar-derived carbons prepared by different routes as adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) dye in water. The characterization results indicated that the carbon sample prepared with FeCl 3 and KOH (named SC4) presented a highly porous structure, with a higher surface area (590 m2 g−1) than the other carbon samples. Consequently, the SC4 sample exhibited a remarkable adsorption performance for MB dye, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 248.9 mg g−1. Furthermore, equilibrium and kinetic data for MB adsorption onto SC4 sample obeyed Liu isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Overall, the findings suggest promising applications as an efficient adsorbent material for MB removal from aqueous solutions. • Sugar-derived carbons were prepared by different routes to adsorb MB dye. • The route with FeCl 3 and KOH has generated the best material (SC4). • Surface area was 590 m2 g−1 and the adsorption capacity was 249 mg g−1. • Findings suggest promising applications as an efficient adsorbent material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]