Search

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs are a newly discovered member of the bacterial community in the Adriatic Sea. During the last seven years, when we started to study these organisms, we have collected a considerable number of samples from different environments, from the coast, the estuary, and the open sea. Here we have compiled data from 34 georeferenced study sites from four studies that summarize all that is known about aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs and examine the spatial and vertical distribution and environmental factors affecting this community in the Adriatic Sea. We found horizontal and vertical influences on AAP distribution, mainly salinity, nitrates, chlorophyll a, ammonium, temperature, and soluble reactive phosphorus. Much is known about their ecology in the Adriatic, and with a new survey underway, we will expand our knowledge of their community composition and their role in carbon flux to higher trophic levels., Aerobni anoksigeni fototrofi relativno su novi član bakterijske zajednice u Jadranskom moru. U posljednjih sedam godina, od kada smo započeli proučavati ove organizme, prikupili smo znatan broj uzoraka iz različitih okoliša, obalnog, estuarnog i područja otvorenog mora. U ovom radu objedinili smo podatke s 34 georeferencirane lokacije istraživanja iz četiri studije koje sažimaju sva saznanja o aerobnim anoksigenim fototrofima te istražili prostornu i vertikalnu raspodjelu, kao i okolišne čimbenike koji utječu na ovu zajednicu u Jadranskom moru. Utvrdili smo čimbenike koji utječu na horizontalnu i vertikalnu raspodjelu AAP, uglavnom salinitet, nitrate, klorofil a, amonijeve ione, temperaturu te topljivi reaktivni fosfor. Iako se dosta zna o njihovoj ekologiji u Jadranu, aktualnim istraživanjem proširit ćemo naše znanje o sastavu ove zajednice i njihovoj ulozi u protoku ugljika prema višim trofičkim razinama.

U ovom završnom radu je predstavljen važni jadranski školjkaš, dagnja Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819. U uvodnom dijelu opisana je povijest uzgoja školjkaša, posebno duga tradicija uzgoja dagnje. Španjolska i Grčka su jedne od najvećih proizvođača dagnji u Europi. U Hrvatskoj uzgoj dagnji ima dugu povijest, a tehnologija uzgoja se temelji na tradicionalnom načinu uzgoja. No, uzgajivači ističu potrebu za modernizacijom proizvodnje s ciljem skraćivanja uzgojnog ciklusa i lakšeg manipulativnog rada. U radu se obrađuju opće biološke karakteristike vrste, način rasta, reprodukcija i životni ciklus. Detaljno se iznosi tijek uzgojnog ciklusa, prihvat ličinki na kolektore, razvoj mlađi i rast do tržišne veličine dagnje. Također, opisana je moguća pojava različitih bioagresora koji predstavljaju opasnost u uzgoju, te sindromi koji se mogu javiti kod ljudi uslijed konzumiranja kontaminiranih jedinki. This thesis presents an important Adriatic species, mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819. The introductory part describes a history of shellfish farming, especially the long tradition of mussel farming. Spain and Greece are one of the largest producers of mussels in Europe. Croatia has a long history of mussel farming, with the cultivation tehnology still based on the tradicional way of farming. However, the farmers emphasize the need to modernize production in order to shorten the farming cycle and easily manipulate the farming process. This thesis deals with the general biological characteristic of the species, growth, reproduction and life cycle. Furthermore, a special review in the paper refers to the course of the mussel reproduction cycle, the reception of larvae on the collectors, the development of young mussels and growth to marketable size. Moreover, the paper deals with issues related to the appearance of various bioaggressors that can be danger in farming and also syndromes that can occur in humans due to the consumption of contaminated shellfish.

Recently, despite long-term systematic research of the Adriatic Sea ecosystem, the necessity to improve the existing protection of commercially exploited species occurred since the status of many renewable marine stocks were not in good state. In order to realize that review of scientific knowledge gather within the last two decades was required. In this paper emphasis has been placed on all the scientific knowledge concerning the reproductive biology, spawning and nursery grounds of four ecologically and economically important Adriatic fish species – sardine Sardina pilchardus, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, European hake Merluccius merluccius, Common pandora, Pagellus erythrinus. Main aim of this review was to establish new scientific platform that in near future should result with better conservation measures that will insure long-term sustainability of exploited marine living resources., U novije vrijeme, unatoč dugoročnom sustavnom istraživanju ekosustava Jadranskog mora, a s obzirom da status većine obnovljivih morskih stokova nije u biološki dobrom stanju biomase, pojavila se nužnost proširenja postojeće zaštite komercijalno iskorištavanih vrsta. Kako bi se to realiziralo bilo je potrebito napraviti pregled svih znanstvenih spoznaja stečenih u posljednja dva desetljeća. Tako je u ovom preglednom radu naglasak stavljen na znanstvene činjenice vezane uz reproduktivnu biologiju kao i mrijestilišta i rastilišta četiriju ekološki i ekonomski važnih jadranskih vrsta riba – srdela Sardina pilchardus, brgljun Engraulis encrasicolus, oslić Merluccius merluccius, arbun Pagellus erythrinus. Glavni cilj ovog preglednog rada je bio stvoriti novu znanstvenu platformu koja bi u bliskoj budućnosti trebala rezultirati boljim mjerama očuvanja koje bi nadalje rezultirale dugoročnim održivim iskorištavanjem živih morskih resursa u Jadranu.

Alohtoni rebraš Mnemiopsis leidyi je želatinozni, invazivni organizam koji se odnedavno redovito pojavljuje u sjevernom Jadranu. U europskim morima se prvi puta pojavio u Crnom moru gdje je unesen balastnim vodama iz Atlantika i gdje je ubrzo stekao reputaciju izrazito nepoželjnog morskog organizma. Naime, uslijed masovnih pojava rebraša istrijebljen je gotovo čitav fond zooplanktona, što je, na tom području u konačnici, dovelo do kolapsa ribarstva. Kako bi se ustanovila prostorno-vremenska dinamika populacije M. leidyi i kakve utjecaje ostvaruju na planktonsku zajednicu i inćune (kao predstavnike planktivorne ribe) u sjevernom Jadranu, analizirani su brojni kemijski, biološki i fizikalni parametri. Rezultati pokazuju da pojave ovog zooplanktonskog organizma uvelike ovise o geostrofičkim strujanjima, dok širenje i opstanak populacije značajno ograničava dostupnost hrane i temperatura mora. Pojave M. leidyi uz istočnu obalu vezuju se uz topliji dio godine i rezultat su sekundarnog širenja iz zimskih utočišta na zapadnom dijelu sjevernog Jadrana, dok su maksimumi brojnosti krajem ljeta povezani s povoljnim morskim strujanjima. Nadalje, M. leidyi istovremeno podržavaju niže i oslabljuju više trofičke razine organizama. Duga razdoblja visoke brojnosti M. leidyi dovode do akumulacije labilne organske tvari koja je pogodna za mikrobnu razgradnju, te ujedno i izvor hranjivih soli. Takav disbalans u sustavu utječe na rast brojnosti pikoplanktona i njihovih predatora, heterotrofnih nanoflagelata, čime se podržava mikrobna petlja, dok visoko-efikasna i neselektivna prehrana ovog rebraša, u sprezi s drugim pritiscima na riblji fond, mijenja prostorne obrasce populacije inćuna za vrijeme mrijesta, ali i zooplanktonsku zajednicu. Kako je u cilju sprječavanja posljedica pojava M. leidyi važno ograničiti širenje populacije rebraša, u posljednjem je dijelu ovog rada predložena prikladna obrada balastnih voda. Alien comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi is a gelatinous, invasive organism that is since recently is regularly appearing in the northern Adriatic. Its first appearance in the European seas was in the Black Sea, where it arrived in ballast tanks from the Atlantic and soon gained a reputation as a notorious marine invader. Large M. leidyi swarms depleted the entire zooplankton pool, leading to the collapse of fisheries. To depict the spatiotemporal dynamics of the M. leidyi populations and identify their impacts on the plankton community and anchovies (as representatives of planktivore fish) in the northern Adriatic, different chemical, biological and physical parameters were analysed. The results show that the appearance of this zooplankton organism is largely dependent on the geostrophic flow, while its spread and survival limit food availability and water column temperature. Occurrence along the eastern coast is associated with warmer seasons as a result of secondary dispersion from M. leidyi winter refuges in the northwest and maxima abundances in late summer with favourable sea currents. Moreover, M. leidyi simultaneously supports lower trophic levels while interfering with transport to the higher levels. Especially long high-abundance periods provide a large amount of organic matter, in most part labile and, thus, suitable for microbial digestion that, as follows, the release of nutrients. Furthermore, such an imbalance in the system leads to an increased abundance of picoplankton and their predator heterotrophic nanoflagellate, stimulating the microbial loop. Besides, a highly efficient and non-selective comb jelly diet, combined with other stressors on fish stocks, affects the spatial patterns of anchovy spawning areas and the zooplankton community. It is most important to limit M. leidyi spread to prevent adverse consequences; thus, ballast water treatments are proposed in the last part of this thesis.

U radu je razjašnjena pojava sredozemne medvjedice u Kaštelanskom zaljevu 1438. godine i reakcija stanovništva na izrazitu agresivnost te životinje. Incident je u Splitu zabilježio španjolski putopisac Pero Tafur, ali glavni doprinos daljem poznavanju ovog događaja napravio je Poggio Bracciolini, jer su njega prepisivali brojni europski prirodopisci, demonolozi, ali i drugi koje je privukla bizarnost priče. Neki su se uporno u opisima takvih bića služili antičkim autorima, a drugi su svoje prosudbe zasnivali na vjerskim knjigama. U tom kontekstu spomenut je stav Marka Marulića. Važan prilog memoriranju slučaja napravio je Albrecht Dürer izradivši bakrorez nadahnut pričom. U drugom dijelu prikazani su svi najstariji zapisi hrvatskih autora u kojima se bilježi pojava medvjedice na različitim lokacijama u Jadranskome moru, posebice oni kod Šibenika. Ovaj morski sisavac postao je iznimno rijedak na hrvatskoj obali već sredinom 19. stoljeća., The present paper clarifies the appearance of the Mediterranean monk seal in the Kaštela Bay in 1438 and the reaction of the population to the extreme aggressiveness of this animal. Pero Tafur, a Spanish travel writer, recorded the incident in Split, but it was Poggio Bracciolini who strongly contributed to obtain further knowledge of this event since his records have been copied by numerous European naturalists, demonologists and others who were attracted by the bizarreness of the story. Some persistently used ancient authors in their descriptions of such creatures, while others based their conclusions on religious books. In this context, the views of Marko Marulić were mentioned. An important contribution in memorising the case was made by Albrecht Dürer, who, inspired by the story, created a copper engraving on this subject. The second part of the paper presents all the oldest records of Croatian authors in which the appearance of the monk seal is described at various locations in the Adriatic Sea, especially those near Šibenik. This marine mammal has become extremely rare on the Croatian coast already in the mid-19th century.

Plivaričarski tip ribolova na području istočnog dijela Jadranskog mora točnije u hrvatskom ribolovnom moru ima iznimni značaj. U sklopu ovog rada analizirana je kvantitativna i kvalitativna struktura lovina ostvarenih plivaricom „ciplarom“ u razdoblju od 2013. do 2018. godine na području ribolovnog mora RH. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka uočeno je da se najveći ulovi ovim ribolovnim alatom ostvaruju u priobalju odnosno u ribolovnim zonama/podzonama A/A4, E/E2, F/F2, C/ C4 i G/G1. 70% ulova ostvarenih ovim ribolovnim alatom čine ciljane vrste što upućuje da je istraživana ribolovna mreža selektivna. Od ciljanih vrsta detaljnije su analizirane jedinke cipla balavca, cipla zlatara, ušate i salpe., Pelagic fisheries in the area of the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea, more precisely in the Croatian fishing grounds, are one of the most important types of fisheries in Croatia. In this paper, the quantitative and qualitative structure of catches obtained by the „ciplara“ purse seine in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea was analysed between 2013 and 2018. According to the data collected, the largest catches by this fishing gear were made in the coastal area, precisely in the fishing zones/sub-zones A/A4, E/E2, F/F2, C/C4 and G/G1. 70% of the catches consisted of targeted species, which indicates that the studied „ciplara“ purse seine is a selective fishing gear. Biological analyses are given for four target species.

U ovom radu predstavljena je važna jadranska vrsta, hobotnica Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier 1797,općenite značajke koje su karakteristične za ovu vrstu, njen rast i razvoj.Također, naveden je i gospodarski značaj kao i pokušaji uzgoja u kontroliranim uvjetima. Kao jedna od najvažnijih oktopodnih vrsta u Jadranu često je viđena namirnica u mnogim kućanstvima na obali RH, posebice u Dalmaciji.Obzirom na navedenu potražnjuhobotnica je uzeta kao idealni primjer za uzgoj u marikulturi. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja pokazuju da hobotnica dobro podnosi uzgojne uvjete i u relativno kratkom vremenu postiže konzumnu veličinu.No, u uzgojnim uvjetima su primijećene pojave kanibalizma i sposobnost vrste da pobjegne iz uzgojnih jedinica, kao i potrebe za velikom količinom i raznovrsnom hranom, što dovodi do ekonomskih problema. Izuzev navedenog svi oktopodi pa tako i obična hobotnica služe kao izvor visokovrijednih bjelančevina u ljudskoj prehrani. Thepaperpresentsimportant octopod species in the Adriatic Sea known as common octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier 1979)with its general characteristics, growth and development. Also, their commercial and economic importance as well as experimental attempts of cultivation. As one of the most important octopod species in the Adriatic, it is a commonly used as food in many households on the Croatian coast, especially in Dalmatia.Consequently, octopus has been taken as an ideal example for cultivation in mariculture. According tothe results of conducted experimental research, octopus has shown good adaptations to captive conditions and short growing time to consumption size. However, cannibalism and the ability of the species to escape from cageunits has been observed, as well as the need for large amounts and different types of food, leading to economic problems. In addition, all octopods, including the common octopus, serve as a source of high-quality protein in human consumption.

Pijavice su, u usporedbi s nekim drugim meteorološkim pojavama, razmjerno rijetka pojava. Ipak njihova učestalost u Jadranu nije zanemariva te je kroz ovaj rad predstavljena njihova čestina u razdoblju od 2001. do 2013. godine. Ovo istraživanje, temeljeno na velikoj bazi podataka o pijavicama, po prvi put daje detaljan uvid u prostornu i vremensku raspodjelu njihove pojave duž istočne obale Jadranskog mora. Prilikom prikupljanja podataka korišteno je mnogo izvora, od službenih podataka Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda (DHMZ), do dojava pristiglih putem ankete za građane na mrežnim stranicama DHMZ-a, koja je aktivna od 2011. godine. Osim prostorne i vremenske raspodjele opisani su sinoptički uvjeti koji pogoduju nastanku pijavica, ali i uvjeti na manjoj skali koji uključuju termodinamičke i kinematičke osobine okolne atmosfere. Za analizu događaja korištene su prizemne i visinske sinoptičke karte Njemačke meteorološke službe (njem. Europaischer Wetterbericht–Deutscher Wetterdienstes, DWD), podaci međunarodnog sustava za detekciju munja LINET (od engl. LIghnting NETwork) te podaci radiosonaža s portala Sveučilišta u Wyomingu (engl. University of Wyoming ). Osim navedene analize kojom je utvrđeno da se pijavice jednoliko javljaju duž obale tijekom cijele godine, ipak najčešće u ljetnim mjesecima kada je prisutno jugozapadno visinsko strujanje, testiran je i jedan prognostički indeks, tzv. Szilagyiev prognostički indeks (SWI, engl. Szilagyi Waterspout Index). Prognoza nemezociklonalnih tornada koja su najčešća u Jadranu vrlo je zahtjevna, pa je testiranje i razvijanje alata koji bi bili od operativne pomoći vrlo bitno. Stoga je prognostička metoda ispitana s dva numerička modela, ALADIN-HR8-om (franc. Air Limitee Adaptation Dynamique development InterNational) koji je operativni model na DHMZ-u i WRF-om (engl. Weather Research and Forecasting) koji se koristi za istraživanje i prognozu vremena, a ima vrlo visoku prostornu i vremensku razlučivost. U oba testiranja uspješnost SWI-a je bila velika (za ALADIN 15 od 19 slučajeva i za WRF 9 od 10 slučajeva). Na kraju su prikazani primjeri prognoza za slučajeve opaženih pijavica te su diskutirana ograničenja i mogućnosti daljnjeg razvoja prognostičke metode. Extended abstract in thesis

Autori donose rezultate i interpretaciju dvaju desetljeća arheoloških iskopavanja na Palagruži, otočiću koji se smjestio na sredini Jadrana. Palagruža je privukla pozornost istraživača kada je godine 1994. ondje otkriveno svetište grčkog junaka Diomeda. No arheološka iskopavanja iznjedrila su brojne artefakte i arhitektonske ostatke koji pokazuju da je Palagruža bila posjećivana u različitim povijesnim razdobljima: ranom neolitiku i kasnom bakrenom/ranom brončanom dobu, od arhajskog do ranorimskog carskog razdoblja, u kasnoj antici, ranom srednjem vijeku te od 19. stoljeća do danas. Analiza arheoloških artefakata iskopanih na Palagruži pokazala je da je ovaj mali otok korišten u različite svrhe: služio je kao odmorište, orijentacijska točka i promatračnica, svetište, utvrda i svjetionik. Ovdje iznesena interpretacija kulturnih slojeva pokazuje kako je Palagruža bila u žarištu kada su se događali glavni preokreti u povijesti čovječanstva, što dokazuje njezinu važnost u pomorskom prometu na Jadranu i Sredozemlju., The authors are presenting the results and interpretation of archaeological excavations spanning two decades on the small island of Palagruža situated in the centre of the Adriatic Sea. Palagruža attracted the attention of researchers when the cult site of the Greek hero Diomedes was discovered in 1994. However, archaeological excavations yielded numerous artefacts and architectural remains, which have shown that Palagruža was visited in different historic periods, in the Early Neolithic and the Late Copper/Early Bronze Age, from the Archaic to Early Roman Imperial Period, in Late Antiquity, the Early Middle Ages and from the 19th century to the present. Analysis of the archaeological artefacts unearthed on Palagruža has shown that this small island was utilized for different purposes: it was used as a staging post, an orientation and observation point, a sacred place, a fort and as a lighthouse. The interpretation of cultural layers presented here demonstrates that Palagruža was in the focus during the main turning points in human history, testifying to its importance in Adriatic and Mediterranean seaborne traffic.

U radu su prikazani hodočasnici iz Poljske i Litve koji su prošli hrvatskim krajevima i gradovima na Jadranu tijekom hodočašća u Svetu Zemlju. Analizirani su temeljni aspekti hodočašćenja u tim zemljama u korelaciji s istovjetnim fenomenom u ostatku Europe. Opisani su motivi njihova odlaska, staleška pripadnost i doživljaji tijekom putovanja. Osim zemljopisnih i vjerskih specifičnosti koje su najviše utjecale na njihovu brojnost, primjetljiva je niska zastupljenost građanstva. Zbog izrazitoga manjka pisanih svjedočanstava nedostaju i kontakti s osobama iz hrvatskih krajeva pa se u tome pogledu moralo posegnuti za analogijama temeljenima na djelima drugih hodočasnika kasnoga srednjeg i ranoga novog vijeka., As a universal European Christain phenomenon, pilgrimages focused particularly on three main destinations: Jerusalem, Rome, and Compostela. In the period from the late 14th until the early 17th century, several dozens of identified pilgrims from Poland and Lithuania travelled on ships along the Croatian Adriatic Coast, heading for Jerusalem. However, within this overall picture there are several common traits and differences. As for their motives, they were similar in all countries and consisted of elements related to their religious or estate identity. Owing to its early Christianization and an elaborate network of Franciscan monasteries, Poland was more advanced in terms of pilgrimage than Lithuania. On the other hand, among the Lithuanian pilgrims one finds many Orthodox Christians, which reflects the country’s ethnical structure. As for the estates, it can be obssrved that there were not many commoners among the Polish pilgrims, while the nobility and clergy are present in almost equal numbers. It is especially among the nobility of both countries that gaining the title of miles Sepulchri Domini played an important role in terms of motivation. Pilgrims from Poland and Lithuania used exclusively the route through Austria and Hungary, their destination being Venice as the place of embarkment on ships. Since pilgrimage to Jerusalem was an exceptional feat, with all sorts of dangers awaiting the travellers – from bad weather to pirates and plague – and also a proof of faith, it seems difficult at the first glance to explain the very small number of written travelogues. This is especially true of Poland, which had well educated secular and ecclesiastical dignitaries, and may be explained through the prevalence of oral communication. Owing to this fact, only a single complete pilgrim travelogue was available for this analysis, including the date of embarkment, the shipowner’s name, the price of transport, mentions of other pilgrims and travellers, and so on. The author of this single travelogue is Count Mikołaj Krzystof Radziwiłł “Sierotka” / Mikalojus Kristupas Radvila “Našlaitèlis” (“the Orphan”) (1549-1616), a Polonized Lithuanian. His work tells of his contacts with the citizens of Sali and a Venetian captain in Zadar. He makes notice of the similarity between the Croatian and Polish languages, mentions the shrine of St Symeon and the Dubrovnik fonticus in Alexandria, but does not make any comments on political or cultural links between Croatia and these countries, although he does mention the former custodian of the Holy Land, Friar Boniface Stjepović, as originating from Dubrovnik. Radziwiłł’s work was published in several editions in Latin, German, and Polish. As for the other pilgrims, the year of travel to the Holy Land has been established for the nobleman Jan Goryńsky (1562). Eventually, it must be said that not a single written mention of the presence of Polish or Lithuanian pilgrims at the Croatian coast has been found at this stage of research.

Cilj ovog rada je istaknuti važnost mediteranske orijentacije Hrvatske. Kao zemlja koja svojom dugom jadranskom obalom izlazi na strateški iznimno važno Sredozemno more, Hrvatska nije u dovoljnoj mjeri iskoristila blagodati svojeg geopolitičkog položaja. U multipolarnome svijetu u kojemu živimo neophodno je razvijati niz geopolitičkih inicijativa, stoga je važno da se Hrvatska, između ostalog pokaže i u punom sredozemnom profilu. To podrazumijeva bolje razumijevanje razvojnih procesa i veći diplomatski angažman na području Sredozemlja. Unija za Mediteran kao najnovija platforma za suradnju sredozemnih država pruža Hrvatskoj priliku za aktivniju participaciju na području Sredozemlja. Posebice se to odnosi na produbljivanje gospodarske suradnje sa rastućim mediteranskim zemljama, koja je trenutno na niskim razinama. The target of this paper is to accentuate the importance of Mediterranean orientation of Croatia. As a country with the access to the strategically very important area of Mediterranean via Adriatic Sea, Croatia has not used all the advantages of its geopolitical position. In the multipolar world we are living, it is necessary for country to develop a series of geopolitical initiatives, therefore is important for Croatia to participate in Mediterranean. That includes better understanding of development processes as well as bigger diplomatic engagement in Mediterranean. Union for Mediterranean as a latest platform for cooperation of Mediterranean countries, offers a Croatia opportunity for more active participation in Mediterranean, especially in terms of deepening economic cooperation with the fast growing Mediterranean countries, which is currently very low.

Prikazani su rezultati provedenih numeričkih simulacija cirkulacije i valne dinamike akvatorija marine koja u glavnom lukobranu ima izveden kanalski propust na četiri varijantne pozicije. Analizirana je hipotetska marina duljine 300 m, širine 150 m, širina ulaza 25 m, varijabilne dubine od 3 do 7 m. Varirane su pozicije (4 pozicije) i širine kanalskog propusta (5 m i 10 m) u lukobranu te kote dna (-1 m, -2 m, -3 m, -5 m, dno marine) marine. Model cirkulacije i izmjene mora je forsiran djelovanjem vjetra (smjerovi N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) s hipotetskom raspodjelom brzina (linearni prirast od 0 do 5 Bf i linearni pad od 5 Bf do 0) i plimnim oscilacijama tijekom simulacijskog razdoblja od 24 h. Analizirana je transmisija energije vjetrovnih valova kroz kanalski propust za valne visine H = 0.6 m, 1.0 m i 1.5 m i pripadne valne periode T = 3,1 s, 4.0 s i 4.9 s ispred lukobrana. Prikazani rezultati omogućuju izbor pozicije i geometrije kanalskog propusta za postizanje maksimalne izmjene mora uz postavljeni uvjet dopuštene valne pobude. Na primjeru Marine Zadar prezentirana je praktična primjena dobivenih rezultata., The paper presents the results of the conducted numerical simulations of circulation and wave dynamics in the marine waters whose main pier contains a constructed culvert in four variant positions. A hypothetical marina with a length of 300 m, width of 150 m, entrance width of 25 m and variable depths from 3 to 7 m was analysed. The culvert positions (4) and widths (5m and 10m) in the pier were varied as well as the seabed elevations (-1 m, -2 m, -3 m, -5 m, marina seabed) of the marina. The model of seawater circulation and exchange was forced by wind action (of N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW directions) with a hypothetical distribution of velocities (linear increase from 0 to 5 Bf and linear decrease from 5 Bf to 0) and tidal oscillations during the 24-hour simulation period. The transmission of wind wave energy through the culvert was analysed for the wave heights H = 0.6 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m and associated wave periods T = 3.1 s, 4.0 s and 4.9 before the pier. The presented results facilitate such selection of the position and geometry of the culvert as to achieve the maximal seawater exchange with the set condition of the permitted wave disturbance. The practical application of the obtained results was presented on the example of the Zadar marina.

New lithostratigraphic units in the Croatian offshore have been recently proposed, and are now used, especially in the Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. Two new formations in the Croatian part of Northern Adriatic have been previously named (Istra and Ivana), as well as recently three new lithostratigraphic members inside the Ivana Formation. In addition, name change of the Susak Formation has been proposed. Furthermore, in the Southern Dalmatia shallow offshore (i.e., palaeosediments of the Neretva River), the new Neretva Channel Formation has been recently named. It is divided into the Neretva Sands and the Mali Ston Bay Member. Due to the often descriptive task of the definition of the lithostratigraphic units, here the simplification of the task is made possible by the algorithm and the source code which are based on a sufficient number of measured porosity values in a vertical of a lithological unit or a depositional sequence. The algorithm directly defines the way of testing the hypothesis of the normal distribution of porosity values, and the code does it numerically and graphically. The normality test is performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Depending on the results of the hypothesis test (normal distribution of the measured values), it is simply evaluated if it is a homogeneous, permeable or non-permeable, or a heterogeneous lithostratigraphic unit, that always can be distinguished from top and base. Based on the result, and familiarity with the geographical location of the sample, the unit is easily named following the rules of lithostratigraphic nomenclature., Nove litostratigrafske jedinice na hrvatskoj strani Jadrana su nedavno predložene i usvojene, i trenutno su u uporabi, poglavito u pleistocensko-holocenskom nizu. Tako su u Sjevernom Jadranu prvo uvedene dvije nove formacije (Istra i Ivana), a zatim imenovana tri nova litostratigrafska člana unutar formacije Ivana, te predložena promjena naziva formacije Susak. Nadalje, u plitkom odobalju Južne Dalmacije, tj. paleo taložinama rijeke Neretve, imenovana je formacija Neretvanski kanal koja je podijeljena u članove pijesci Neretva i član Malostonski zaljev. Kako je definicija litostratigrafskih jedinica često opisni zadatak, u ovome radu je pomoću algoritma i programskog koda izrađenog u programu za statističku obradu podataka „R“ omogućeno pojednostavljenje tog zadatka na temelju dovoljnog broja izmjerenih vrijednosti šupljikavosti po okomici stijene ili taložne sekvencije. Algoritam izravno određuje način testiranja hipoteza o normalnosti razdiobe šupljikavosti, a programski kod to praktično numerički i grafički rješava. Ispitivanje se izvodi Shapiro-Wilkovim testom. Ovisno o rezultatima testiranja nulte hipoteze (normalna razdioba mjerenih podataka) lako je ocijeniti radi li se o homogenoj, propusnoj ili nepropusnoj, ili heterogenoj litostratigrafskoj jedinici, koja se uvijek može razlikovati od krovine i podine. Na temelju rješenja, te poznavanja zemljopisnog mjesta gdje su reprezentativni podatci uzeti, jedinicu je lako imenovati prema pravilima litostratigrafske nomenklature.

Morfologija školjkaša uvjetovana je genetskim i okolišnim čimbenicima. Glavni ciljevi ovog rada bili su utvrditi da li se populacije dagnje Mytilus galloprovincialis duž istočne obale Jadrana razlikuju po morfometrijskim obilježjima te ispitati koji ekološki čimbenici utječu na morfometrijske značajke populacija dagnji. Prikupljeni su podaci za 13 morfometrijskih obilježja mjerenih na ljušturama dagnji te izmjereni kondicijski i gonadosomatski indeksi za 1780 jedinki iz 18 nativnih i akvakulturnih populacija dagnji. Bioklimatski podatci i podatci o fizičko–kemijskim svojstvima morske vode u obalnom pojasu Jadrana prikupljeni su s nekoliko internetskih baza podataka za okolišne varijable. Utvrđeno je da se populacije dagnje uz hrvatsku obalu Jadrana međusobno razlikuju prema morfometrijskim obilježjima, prvenstveno prema položaju stražnjeg mišića aduktora. Nisu utvrđena obilježja po kojima bi se razdvojile populacije s obzirom na onečišćenost ili geografski položaj postaja koje nastanjuju. Utvrđena je visoka korelacija temperature mora s volumenom, visinom i širinom ljušture te položajem i širinom stražnjeg mišića retraktora. Otopljeni kisik, organski ugljik, klorofil i metali u tragovima također su pokazali korelacije s nekim morfometrijskim obilježjima te kondicijskim i gonadosomatskim indeksom, što ukazuje na utjecaj okoliša na navedene morfometrijske značajke. Morphology of bivalves is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. The main objectives of this study were to establish whether the populations of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea differ in morphometric traits, and to examine which environmental factors influence the morphometric traits of these mussel populations. Data were collected for 1780 individuals sampled from 18 native and aquacultural populations. 13 morphometric traits were measured on mussel shells, and condition and gonadosomatic indices were also recorded. Bioclimatic data and physical and chemical properties of seawater data in Adriatic coastal zone were collected from several online environmental variables databases. It was determined that mussel populations along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea differ according to the morphometric traits, mostly by the position of posterior adductor muscle. Particular morphometric characteristics which would distinguish the populations according to the pollution status or geographical locations of sites were not found. High significant correlation between the seawater temperature and the shell volume, height, width and posterior retractor muscle position and width was found. Dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, chlorophyll and trace metals also showed correlations with some of the morphometric traits as well as condition and gonadosomatic indices, which indicates the influence of the environment on the mentioned morphometric traits.

The marine water quality along the north-eastern part of Adriatic coast was assessed by measuring the lysosomal membrane stability in the digestive gland of marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, as a marker of general stress. Mussels were sampled seasonally at five sites (mariculture Lim, Pula and Rijeka harbours, industrialized site Bakar and reference site Brestova) in the period from March 2002 to October 2007. Mussels from mariculture site Lim and reference site Brestova generally displayed good health conditions. The highest level of general stress in mussels was mostly evident at sites in the inner part of Pula and Rijeka harbours and to a lesser extent at industrialized site Bakar. Temporal changes revealed improvement trends of the mussels’ health status at site Lim. The evaluation of lysosomal membrane stability confirmed to be a useful tool for discrimination of stressed from non-stressed marine environments and revealed long - term trends during the assessment of marine water quality., Kvaliteta morske vode duž sjeveroistočne obale Jadrana procijenjena je mjerenjem stabilnosti lizosomalne membrane probavne žlijezde dagnje Mytilus galloprovincialis, kao markera općeg stresa. Dagnje su sakupljane sezonski na pet postaja (marikultura Lim, luke Pula i Rijeka, Bakar u blizini industrijskog pogona i referentna postaja Brestova) u razdoblju od ožujka 2002. do listopada 2007. godine. Dagnje sa postaje Lim i referentne postaje Brestova generalno su pokazale nisku razinu stresa. Najviša razina stresa u dagnjama bila je uočena na postajama u unutarnjem dijelu pulske i riječke luke i u manjoj mjeri na postaji Bakar. Vremenske promjene pokazale su trend sniženja razine stresa kod dagnji sa postaje Lim. Procjena stabilnosti lizosomalne membrane pokazala se kao koristan alat za prepoznavanje morskog okoliša s niskom i visokom razinom stresa i omogućila prikaz dugoročnih trendova kvalitete morske vode.

Daily growth rate of juvenile anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758), was estimated in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea. Samples were taken by a commercial beach seine net and the size range of 100 sampled individuals was 5.0-6.8 cm total length. Age was estimated by counting growth increments of sagittal otoliths, which are formed with daily periodicity. Estimated ages were 41- 90 days and hatch date for each age class was back-calculated from the date of capture. The calculated instantaneous growth rate was 0.41 mm day-1. Fish size at metamorphosis from late larva to juvenile was estimated to 3.2 cm total length. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy’s growth function were L∞ = 10.41 and K = 3.36, Dnevna stopa rasta juvenilnog inćuna, Engraulis encrasicolus (linnaeus, 1758), procijenjena je u jugoistočnom Jadranu. Uzorci su sakupljani komercijalnom obalnom mrežom potegačom, a raspon veličine kod 100 uzorkovanih jedinki iznosio je 5.0-6.8 cm ukupne dužine. dob je procijenjena brojenjem dnevnih naraštajnih prstenova na sagitalnim otolitima. Procijenjena starost kolebala je između 41- 90 dana, a nadnevak izvaljivanja ličinke za svaki starosni razred bio je naknadno izračunat prema datumu ulova. Izračunata trenutna stopa rasta iznosila je 0.41 mm dan -1. Veličina ribe za vrijeme metarmofoze iz kasnog stadija ličinke u juvenilni stadij procijenjena je na 3.2 cm ukupne dužine. Parametri u von Bertalanffy-jevoj jednadžbi rasta bili su L∞ = 10.41 i K = 3.36.

The age and growth of golden grey mullet, Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), were determined from specimens collected in the Mirna estuary (northern Adriatic Sea) during December of 2001, 2002 and 2003. The age composition was established using scale readings and Bhattacharya’s method. Nine age classes ranging from 3.2 to 13.2 years (except 10.2 and 11.2) were defined by scale readings but only seven (age 3.2: 23.29 cm, age 4.2: 26.75 cm, age 5.2: 29.05 cm, age 6.2: 31.18 cm, age 7.2: 32.71 cm, age 8.2: 34.42 cm and age 9.2: 35.50 cm) were obtained by Bhattacharya’s method. Total length ranged between 21.7 and 40.4 cm. Mean length and weight at age data, as derived using scale readings, were used to estimate the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation: L∞=40.0, K=0.214, to=-1.150; W∞=606g, K=0.162 and to=-1.962. The length-weight relationship indicated positive allometric growth (b=3.069)., Starost i rast cipla zlatara, Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) su određeni na jedinkama ulovljenima u estuariju rijeke Mirne (sjeverni Jadran) tijekom prosinca (2001, 2002, 2003 godina). Starost je određena očitavanjem ljusaka i Bhattacharya-vom metodom. Devet starosnih grupa u rasponu od 3,2 do 13,2 godina (osim 11,2 godine) je određeno čitanjem ljusaka, dok ih je samo sedam utvrđeno pomoću Bhattacharya-ve metode (3,2 god: 23,29 cm; 4,2 god: 26,75 cm; 5,2 god: 29,05 cm; 6,2 god: 31,18 cm; 7,2 god: 32,71 cm; 8,2 god: 34,42 cm; 9,2 god: 35,50 cm). Ukupna duljina cipla zlatca je bila u rasponu od 21,7 do 40,4 cm. Srednje dužine i mase pojedinih starosnih godišta očitanih na ljuskama su korištene za izračunavanje parametara von Bertalanffy-eve jednadžbe rasta: L∞=40,0; K=0,214; to=-1,150; W∞=606 g, K=0,162 and to=-1,962. Dužinsko-maseni odnos ove vrste je ukazao na pozitivan alomertijski rast (b=3,069).

The state of knowledge on marine alien molluscan species from the Gulf of Trieste and neighbouring areas is presented based on a critical review of records compiled from an extensive literature survey and from unpublished data obtained from 2006 to 2011, and enriched by older material preserved in private collections. Based on the IUCN definition of ‘alien’, 13 valid alien molluscan taxa (3 Gastropoda and 10 Bivalvia) are reported here, for each of which the following information (collected up to August 2011) is provided: published and unpublished records from the coastal and offshore territorial seawaters of the Gulf of Trieste and neighbouring areas, including lagoons; establishment status; vector(s) of introduction. The area was characterized by the presence of eight established alien species, while another four were considered as casual and one was, with caution, considered not established. Specimens of Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) and Limnoperna securis (Lamarck, 1819) are first reported here from the Gulf of Trieste, thus reaching the extreme northern point of the Mediterranean Sea. Old distribution data on Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) and Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 are considered unreliable, also according to the recent literature. Accurate analysis of bibliographic data as well as re-identification of specimens preserved in private collections or collected from the same published sampling sites led to the exclusion of Assiminea grayana Fleming, 1828 and Conomurex persicus (Swainson, 1821) from the resident fauna of the Gulf of Trieste. Concerning Arcuatula senhousia (Benson in Cantor, 1842), its first record from Slovenia came from bibliographic misreading, so that the original record of this bivalve from the area is considered more recent. Finally, natural dispersal accounts for 46% of the plausible vectors of introduction, while shipping/maritime transport and aquaculture for 23%., Dosadašnja saznanja o alohtonim vrstama mekušaca u Tršćanskom zaljevu i susjednim područjima prikazana su na temelju detaljnih pregleda zapisa sadržanih u literaturi i iz neobjavljenih podataka dobivenih u razdoblju između 2006. – 2011. godine, te je dodatno nadopunjeno podacima o starijim nalazima koji su sačuvani u privatnim zbirkama. Na temelju IUCN definicije ‘strana vrsta’, 13 svojti mekušaca (3 Gastropoda i 10 Bivalvia) je izneseno u ovom radu, a za svaku od njih su date slijedeće informacije (prikupljene do kolovoza 2011.): objavljeni i neobjavljeni zapisi iz obalnih i teritorijalnih obalnih voda u Tršćanskom zaljevu i susjednim područjima, uključujući lagune; utvrđeni status, kao i vektor(i) unosa. Područje karakterizira nazočnost osam uspostavljenih stranih vrsta, dok su ostale četiri povremene, te jedna koja se zbog opreza ne smatra uspostavljenom vrstom. U ovom radu se po prvi put iznose podaci o prikupljenim primjercima vrsta Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) i Limnoperna securis (Lamarck, 1819) u Tršćanskom zaljevu, što predstavlja najsjevernije nalaze ovih vrsta u Sredozemnom moru. Prema recentnoj literaturi stari podaci o raspodjeli vrsta Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) i Mya arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) se ne smatraju pouzdanim. Precizna analiza bibliografskih podataka, re-identifikacija uzoraka sačuvanih u privatnim zbirkama, kao i ponovno uzorkovanje faune, doveli su do isključenja vrsta Assiminea grayana Fleming, 1828 i Conomurex persicus (Swainson, 1821) iz popisa faune Tršćanskog zaljeva. Glede vrste Arcuatula senhousia (Benson u Cantor, 1842), njezin prvi nalaz u slovenskim vodama je proizišao iz pogrešnog tumačenja bibliografije, tako da se tek noviji zapisi ovog školjkaša smatraju izvornim. Na kraju, smatramo da je prirodna disperzija u 46% slučajeva bila vektor unosa, a u 23% to su bili pomorski promet i akvakultura.

The present study was undertaken not only to register the new recently noticed maximum age and total length of Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), contributing to the knowledge of this species in the Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea inclusively. A painted comber specimen of 323 mm of total length and age 16 years was caught during August 2008 in the Lavdra Channel (middle-eastern Adriatic Sea)., Jedinka pirke Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) je ulovljena uz sjeverozapadnu obalu otoka Mala Lavadra (istočni dio srednjeg Jadrana). Totalna dužina tijela kao i starost ulovljene pirke je najveća zabilježena do sada na području njenog rasprostranjenja i iznosila je 323 mm odnosno 16 godina.

This paper describes hydrographic and dynamic conditions in the Mljet lakes, through the analysis of high-frequency temperature measurements carried out at an intermediate layer of Big Lake (BL) and Soline Channel during two years (December 2005-October 2007). It appears that the lakes may be colder than the open sea during wintertime by as much as 2-3°C and warmer at the surface during summer by as much as 4°C. Several interesting processes were captured within the series of which we investigated the wintertime cooling that occurred in 2006, diurnal and semidiurnal temperature changes driven by the tides within the connecting channel and the occurrence of turbulence in BL close to the connecting channel. The latter seems to have large implications for the thermocline/pycnocline deepening during the summertime, as incoming open ocean waters are much denser than the BL waters., Rad opisuje termohalina i dinamička svojstva mljetskih jezera, temeljem analize visokofrekventnih mjerenja temperature obavljanih u intermedijarnom sloju Velikog jezera i kanalu Soline tijekom dvije godine (prosinac 2005. – listopad 2007.). Mjerenja ukazuju da je temperatura jezera niža od temperature otvorenog mora za oko 2-3 o C tijekom zimskih mjeseci, dok je tijekom ljeta viša oko 4oC u površinskom sloju. Nekoliko zanimljivih oceanografskih procesa je zabilježeno na mjerenjima, od kojih je istraženo hlađenje jezera tijekom zime 2006. godine, dnevne i poludnevne promjene temperature pobuđene plimotvornom silom, te pojava turbulencije u području Velikog jezera bližem kanalu Soline. Mjerenja su ukazala na činjenicu da turbulencija uzrokuje izrazito vertikalno miješanje i poniranje termokline i piknokline za vrijeme ljetnih mjeseci u površinskom i intermedijarnom sloju Velikog jezera, jer vode otvorenog mora posjeduju višu gustoću od voda jezera.

Two simulations of the response of Adriatic Sea to severe wind performed by an atmosphere-ocean coupled model and the comparisons with observed data and modelled fields published in literature are presented. The model RAMS-DieCAST was applied to simulate the variations of sea currents and temperature profiles, from surface to bottom, induced by two episodes of intense wind over the Adriatic sea: a Bora wind event that occurred in January 1995 and a Sirocco wind event in November 2002. The results of the simulations are compared with observed data at the sea surface. In the Bora episode, the computed surface temperatures are compared with satellite SSTs and in situ observed temperatures; in the Sirocco event the simulated surface currents and temperatures are compared with experimental data collected by surface drifters released in different regions of the Adriatic Sea during the same Sirocco event. In both episodes the simulated temperature trends agree with the observed values and during the Sirocco episode the current fields are in quite good agreement with the drifter data. The modelled sea temperature and velocity fields show also a good concordance with other simulation results in literature., Dvije simulacije jakog vjetra nad Jadranom simuliraju se združenim atmosfersko-oceanografskim modelom te se analiziraju i uspoređuju s mjerenjima i drugim objavljenim modeliranim poljima. U tu svrhu se koristi model RAMS-DieCAST za simulaciju promjena morskih struja i temperaturnih profila po vertikali, uzrokovanih dvjema epizodama intenzivnog vjetra nad Jadranom: burom u siječnju 1995. godine i jugom u studenom 2002. godine. Rezultati simulacija se uspoređuju s opažanjima na morskoj površini. Tijekom bure, modelirana površinska temperatura uspoređuje se s površinskom temperaturom mora dobivene satelitskim mjerenjima i mjerenjima temperature u određenim točkama prostora. Tijekom juga, simulirane površinske struje i temperature se uspoređuju s eksperimentalnim mjerenjima dobivenih na temelju površinskih driftera koji su pušteni u različitim dijelovima Jadrana za istu epizodu. U obje epizode trendovi simulirane temperature dobro se podudaraju s opažanjima. Također se tijekom juga, površinske struje dobro podudaraju s mjerenjima driftera. Modelirana temperatura mora kao i vektorsko polje brzina pokazuju dobro slaganje s rezultatima sličnih simulacija u literaturi.

The northern Adriatic Sea (NA), the northernmost region of the Mediterranean Sea, is affected by strong anthropogenic pressure (e.g., tourism, fisheries, maritime traffic, discharge from agriculture and industry), superimposed to a large river runoff. The consequent pressure exerted on the NA ecosystem either triggers or worsens massive mucilage insurgence, harmful algal blooms, eutrophication and even anoxic/hypoxic events. This work focuses on the anoxic/hypoxic events. During the summer-autumn period, the NA is often exposed to these events, which can be categorised as either coastal (relatively frequent south of the Po River delta during the summer) and offshore (rare, affecting wider areas). In order to improve our knowledge about these processes and to meet the needs of local governments and decision makers, an operational system for monitoring and forecasting anoxic and hypoxic events has been set up in the framework of the EU LIFE "EMMA" project. The system is composed of a meteo-oceanographic buoy; a numerical prediction system based on the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS), including a Fasham-type module for biogeochemical fluxes; and periodic oceanographic surveys. Every day since June 2007, the system provides 3-hourly forecasts of marine currents, thermohaline and biogeochemical fields for the incoming three days. The system has demonstrated its ability to produce accurate temperature forecasts and relatively good salinity and dissolved oxygen forecasts. The Root Mean Square Error of the dissolved oxygen forecast was largely due to the mean bias. The system is currently being improved to include a better representation of benthic layer biogeochemical processes and several adjustments of the model. While developing model improvements, dissolved oxygen forecasts were improved with the removal of the 10-day mean bias., Sjeverni Jadran (NA), najsjeverniji dio Sredozemnog mora, pod utjecajem je jakog antropogenog djelovanja (poput turizma, ribarenja, morskog prometa, istjecanje onečišćujućih tvari u poljoprivredi i industriji) te dodatno, velikog dotoka rijeka. Posljedično, djelovanje na NA ekosustav potiče ili pojačava uzdizanje sluzavih nakupina, štetno cvjetanje algi, eutrofikaciju pa čak i događaje anoksije/hipoksije. Ovaj se rad fokusira na anoksiju/hipoksiju. Tijekom ljetno-jesenskog razdoblja, NA je često izložen ovim doga|ajima, koji se mogu kategorizirati kao obalni (relativno učestali južno od delte rijeke Po ljeti) ili udaljeni od obale (rijetki, zahvaćajući šira područja). Kako bi poboljšali poznavanje tih procesa te zbog potreba lokalne uprave, uspostavljen je operativni sustav za praćenje i prognoziranje anoksije i hipoksije u okviru EU LIFE "EMMA" projekta. Sustav se sastoji od meteorološko-oceanografske plutače; sustava za numeričku prognozu, koji se temelji na regionalnom oceanografskom modelu (ROMS), uključujući modul Fasham-tipa za biogeokemijske tokove; i periodičnim oceanografskim istraživanjima. Svakog dana, počev od lipnja 2007, sustav omogućava 3-satne prognoze morskih struja te termohalina i biogeokemijska polja za sljedeća tri dana. Sustav se pokazao sposobnim za davanje točnih prognoza temperature i relativno dobrih prognoza saliniteta i otopljenog kisika. Korijen srednje kvadratne pogreške prognoziranog otopljenog kisika postojao je uglavnom zbog srednje pristranosti (biasa). Sustav je trenutno poboljšan tako da uključuje bolji prikaz biogeokemijskih procesa u području sloja bentosa i nekoliko prilagodba modela. Tijekom poboljšavanja modela, uklanjanjem 10-dnevne srednje pristranosti (biasa) poboljšane su prognoze otopljenog kisika.

The temporal variations of temperature, salinity, fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and of chemical (nutrients, chlorophyll a) and biological (phytoplankton composition) parameters in the Boka Kotorska Bay were observed during two periods. CDOM regulates the penetration of UV light into the sea and therefore plays an important role in many hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the sea surface layer including primary productivity. In the framework ADRICOSM-STAR it was possible to investigate the Boka Kotorska Bay during May and June 2008 in order to increase an understanding of optical and chemical characteristics and their evolution during these periods. In both periods station KO (located furthest from the open sea) presented different physical, chemical and biological characteristics with respect to the other stations inside the Boka Kotorska Bay. A positive correlation was found between CDOM and chlorophyll a (R = 0.7, P < 0.001, n = 15) and this implies that in this area, similarly to the open sea, the primary source of CDOM should be the biological production from phytoplankton. This is probably due to the fact that the rivers entering the Boka Kotorska Bay are not severely impacted by man., U Bokokotorskom zaljevu su mjerene vremenske promjene temperature, saliniteta, fluorescencije, koncentracije otopljenog kisika, obojene otopljene organske materije (CDOM) i kemijskih (hranjive soli, klorofila) i bioloških (sastav fitoplanktona) parametara tijekom dva razdoblja (svibanj i lipanj 2008. godine). CDOM određuje prodiranje UV svjetlosnih zraka u more i stoga igra vrlo važnu ulogu u mnogim hidrološkim i biogeokemijskim procesima u površinskom sloju mora koji uključuje primarnu produkciju. Unutar ADRICOSM-STAR projekta, bilo je moguće istražiti Bokokotorski zaljev tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2008. godine radi povećanja razumijevanja optičkih i kemijskih karakteristika i njihovog razvoja kroz ova razdoblja. Zbog dotoka krških rijeka i smanjenja razmjene s otvorenim morem, u oba razdoblja postaja KO (smještena najdalje od otvorenog mora) je pokazala različite fizikalne, kemijske i biolo{ke karakteristike u odnosu na postaje unutar Bokokotorskog zaljeva. Pronađena je pozitivna korelacija izme|u CDOM i klorofila a (R = 0.7, P < 0.001, n = 15) {to upućuje na to da bi u ovom području, slično otvorenom moru, primarni izvor CDOM trebao biti biološka produkcija od fitoplanktona. To je vjerojatno zbog toga što dotoci rijeka u Bokokotorskom zaljevu nisu ozbiljnije ugroženi ljudskim djelovanjem.

The goal of this research was to simulate and analyze the response of the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) to an abnormal event that occurred in the Adriatic Sea in mid-summer of 2003. At this time, a combination of extremely low discharge from the Po River and from other northwestern rivers caused by the prolonged dry season and the dominant Sirocco wind produced an "unusual" upwelling and caused the WAC to reverse along the northern and central Italian coasts. The simulations employed a high-resolution, low dissipative version of the DieCAST circulation model that was initialized with monthly averaged temperature and salinity data and spun up with a use of climatological wind data. Numerical experiments were performed with the use of COAMPS wind stress and heat flux data. The model runs performed under Sirocco wind forcing in combination with low river discharge (a quarter of the climatic mean) revealed that such these conditions do trigger upwelling and the reversal of the WAC along the Italian coast. The upwelling relaxation caused by changes in the wind direction was also studied. Qualitative simulation results were in agreement with the observations by Poulain et al. (2004)., Motivacija ove studije je bila da se simulira i analizira odgovor zapadno-jadranske struje (WAC) na izrazito neobičnu dinamičku situaciju koja se dogodila u Jadranu sredinom ljeta 2003. godine. Tada je kombinacija ekstremno niskih protoka rijeke Po i drugih sjeverozapadnih rijeka (kao posljedica dugotrajnog sušnog razdoblja i dominantnog juga) izazvala tzv. "neobično" izranjanje morske vode i promjenu WAC duž sjeverne i centralne talijanske obale. Za simulacije smo koristili DieCAST model male disipativnosti i visoke rezolucije koji je inicijaliziran podacima srednjih mjesečnih temperatura i saliniteta te klimatološkim vjetrom. Numerički eksperimenti su rađeni pomoću napetosti vjetra i tokova topline dobivenih COAMPS modelom. Model je, simulirajući jugo epizodu u kombinaciji s niskim (četvrtinom klimatološkog prosjeka) riječnim protocima, pokazao da takvi uvjeti uzrokuju izranjanje morske vode i obrtanje WAC duž talijanske obale. Također se proučavaju i karakteristike slabljenja izranjanja vode uzrokovanih promjenama u smjeru vjetra. Rezultati simulacije se uspoređuju kvalitativno s opažanjima koje su napravili Poulain i sur. (2004) te daju dobro podudaranje s postojećim mjerenjima.

The key covers 46 gobiid species presently known in the Adriatic Sea. For the present key the standard form of dichotomous bracket key was used. The new characters (like the second dorsal fin base naked, at least along first three rays; less than 4 suborbital transverse rows with 4 or more papillae present; suborbital row b anteriorly not reaching below suborbital row a; anterior dorsal row g reaching anteriorly row o) in the key are based on data from checked material, original species descriptions, short descriptions in reviews and published morphological works. This key should be able to identify adults of both sexes as well as late juveniles., Ovaj ključ uključuje 46 vrsta glavoča do sada zabilježenih u Jadranu. Za ključ je uzeta standardna forma dihotomskog ključa sa zagradama. Novi karakteri u ključu (kao osnova druge leđne peraje bez ljusaka, barem uz prve tri šipćice; manje od 4 suborbitalna transverzna reda s 4 ili više papila; suborbitalni red b naprijed ne dolazi pod suborbitalni red a; anteriorno dorsalni red g dolazi do anteriornog reda o) zasnovani su na podacima s pregledanog materijala, izvornih opisa vrsta, kratkih opisa u preglednim djelima i objavljenim morfološkim radovima. Ovaj ključ trebao bi omogućiti određivanje odraslih jedinki oba spola, kao i kasnih nezrelih primjeraka.

Imposex, a pseudo-hermaphroditic condition characterized by the development of male sexual characteristics in female prosobranch gastropods, is used as a bioindicator of pollution by tributyltin (TBT) -based antifoulants. The incidence and the intensity of imposex, evaluated from the vas deferens sequence index (VDSI) and the female penis length (FPL), were investigated in Hexaplex trunculus populations from seven locations in Kaštela Bay (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Analysis of 131 females revealed the absolute prevalence of imposex at all investigated locations. Furthermore, most of the females showed signs of advanced imposex development (VDSI=4.4±0.8, range=2-5). Female penis homologues were found to be well developed (max=20 mm) with mean values ranging from 5.2-12.6 mm. Significant differences were detected regarding both the VDSI (H=36.24, p, Imposeks, pseudohermafroditizam karakteriziran pojavom muških spolnih obilježja u ženki prednjoškržnih puževa, upotrebljava se kao bionidikator zagađenja tributil-kositrom (TBT), sastojkom protuobraštajnih boja. Za procjenu pojave i intenziteta imposeksa korištene su vrijednosti indeksa stupnja vas deferensa (VDS I) i dužine penisa ženki (FPL ) dobivene analizom primjeraka vrste Hexaplex trunculus prikupljenih sa sedam postaja u Kaštelanskom zaljevu. Na istraživanim postajama analizom 131 ženke (visina kućice=66,3±7,5 mm) utvrđena je potpuna zahvaćenost imposeksom. Štoviše, većina zahvaćenih ženki bila je u uznapredovalom stadiju imposeksa (VDS I=4,4±0,8; raspon vrijednosti=2-5). Penisi su bili dobro razvijeni kod ženki (max=20 mm) sa srednjim vrijednostima od 5,2 do 12,6 mm. Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u VDS I (H=36,24, p