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Introduction: Surgeries that spare the adrenal cortex during adrenalectomy have profound justification. Indications for this type of surgery are fairly strict, and more than 30 years of observations continuously verify the results of the procedure., Material and Methods: Of a total of 650 adrenalectomies, 22 (3.4%) were adrenal cortex-sparing surgeries. There were 16 women and six men in this group. In 10 cases, surgery was performed for pheochromocytoma, eight cases involved Conn's syndrome, and in four cases - paragangliomas located in the para-adrenal region. Secretory activity was identified in all cases., Results: Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy was performed in 20 patients. Conversion to open laparotomy was necessary in two cases. In patients after bilateral resection of pheochromocytoma surgery, glucocorticoids were supplemented for six weeks. No significant surgical complications were observed in this group., Conclusions: Partial adrenalectomy for minor lesions should be a much more commonly utilised treatment method (of choice). Where bilateral adrenalectomy is necessary, a sparing procedure on one side protects patients from the need for hormonal substitution. The remaining part of the adrenal gland undertakes satisfactory secretory function after six weeks at the latest.

Introduction: To assess the effectiveness of early unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent and subclinical hypercor-tisolaemia., Material and Methods: We conducted a unicentric, retrospective study. Between 2010 and 2015, 356 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed in the Department of General and Endocrine Surgery of the MUW. Hypercortisolaemia was found in 50 (14%) patients, while overt hypercortisolaemia was found in 31 patients. In the hypercortisolaemia group, ACTH-dependent hypercortisolaemia was diagnosed in five (10%) and ACTH-independent hypercortisolaemia in 25 patients (50%). One patient with overt hypercortisolaemia had cancer of the adrenal cortex. The remaining 19 (38%) patients had subclinical Cushing's syndrome. For our study, we compared patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolaemia (n = 25) with those with Cushing's syndrome (n = 19). Patients with ACTH-dependent hyper-cortisolaemia (n = 5) and the patient with cancer of the adrenal cortex (n = 1) were excluded., Results: Patients from both groups (n = 44) underwent a unilateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy. Good early outcomes were observed in 42 patients (93.3%). In one patient, an additional laparoscopic surgery was necessary on postoperative day 0 due to bleeding. In another patient, on day 22 post-surgery, we found an abscess in the site of the excised adrenal gland, which was drained under laparoscopic guid-ance. In three patients (6.8%) with substantial obesity, temporary respiratory insufficiency of varying degrees occurred. We did not observe any thromboembolic complications. All patients with overt hypercortisolaemia and nine patients with subclinical hypercortisolaemia had secondary adrenal insufficiency postoperatively., Conclusions: Transperitoneal unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an efficient and safe treatment option in patients with ACTH- -independent hypercortisolaemia, both overt and subclinical.

Introduction: Adrenal neoplasms comprise about 10% of all tumours affecting this organ and constitute a significant, at first diagnostic and subsequently therapeutic, problem, especially since a relatively high proportion of neoplastic lesions are asymptomatic. The number of diagnosed metastases to adrenal glands is increasing. Surgical treatment involves both open surgery as well as laparoscopy., Material and Methods: There were 245 adrenalectomies performed at our centre due to various indications over the past four years. In 27 (11.5%) cases neoplasms were diagnosed in the final histopahtological examination. In 11 (40.7%) cases primary adrenal cortex tumours were diagnosed, metastases from other solid organ tumours were identified in another 12 (44.4%) patients, and rarer neoplasms were diagnosed in the remaning 4 (14.8%) subjects. Cases of malignant pheochromocytoma were not included in this report., Results: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in 23 (85.2%) subjects, while the ramaining 4 (12.9%) patients were subject to open adrenalectomy (conversion to open procedure in one case). There were no deaths or significant complications in the perioperative period. Comparing mean duration of open (140 minutes) and laparoscopic (190 minutes) procedures yielded a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference found in the duration of operation with regard to laparoscopic adrenalectomies of tumours less than 50 mm and over 55 mm in diameter (p = 0.16)., Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and effective method of treatment of adrenal tumours. Its oncological completeness is comparable (to open surgery) when performed by experienced surgical teams. Laparoscopy is the reason for the smooth postoperative course observed in most patients.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor of the adrenal gland. Patients with known pheochromocytoma undergoing surgery require preoperative treatment with alpha-blockers to reduce the risk of intraoperative complications related to catecholamine release. If undiagnosed, pheochromocytoma can lead to life-threatening surgical complications. We report the case of a patient with a suspected solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in the pancreatic tail, for whom pancreatoduodenectomy was scheduled. However, shortly after abdominal incision, hypertensive crisis developed and was followed by severe hypotension requiring intravenous vasopressors, which prompted discontinuation of the operation. Further diagnostic evaluation revealed marked elevations in urinary excretion of methylated catecholamines and suggested that the tumor was in fact a pheochromocytoma extending from the left adrenal gland. After preoperative treatment with doxazosin, the patient underwent lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, with no major complications and an uneventful postoperative course. The pathological report confirmed a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Due to the potential for life-threatening surgical complications in patients with pheochromocytoma not treated preoperatively with alpha-blockers, this tumor type should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal tumors of unknown origin.

Incidentaloma is defined as an tumor diagnosed accidentally using imaging studies performed due to other indications. The aim of this paper was to describe the diagnostic and treatment problems experienced by patients with adrenal incidentaloma in a clinical practice.